摘要:靜電(dian)(dian)激發型袋(dai)除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)有別(bie)于常規的(de)電(dian)(dian)袋(dai)結合除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)，其(qi)是將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)的(de)預(yu)荷電(dian)(dian)原理(li)作用于煙氣后，利用袋(dai)除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)的(de)濾袋(dai)做收塵(chen)極板來收集粉塵(chen)。本文通過(guo)分(fen)析(xi)Max-9TM ESFF的(de)結構介紹了其(qi)除(chu)塵(chen)機(ji)理(li)，并分(fen)析(xi)了它的(de)應用前(qian)景。

關鍵詞:電除塵器(qi)(qi)(qi);袋除塵器(qi)(qi)(qi);電袋復合除塵器(qi)(qi)(qi);預荷電;靜電激發

1  前言

電除(chu)(chu)塵器(qi)和袋(dai)除(chu)(chu)塵器(qi)是目前工業煙(yan)氣凈化設(she)備(bei)中最重要(yao)的兩種(zhong)除(chu)(chu)塵設(she)備(bei)，兩者的除(chu)(chu)塵機(ji)理(li)不同，各有(you)優缺(que)點。為提高煙(yan)氣凈化的效率，降低除(chu)(chu)塵設(she)備(bei)的阻力(li)，將電除(chu)(chu)塵和袋(dai)除(chu)(chu)塵的機(ji)理(li)相結合的除(chu)(chu)塵器(qi)一(yi)直在(zai)不斷的研究中，并有(you)一(yi)定的工業應用。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)和袋(dai)(dai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)組(zu)合(he)(he)(he)稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)袋(dai)(dai)復合(he)(he)(he)型(xing)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)。目前(qian)世界(jie)上有(you)兩種型(xing)式的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)袋(dai)(dai)復合(he)(he)(he)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)，一種是(shi)“前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)袋(dai)(dai)”的(de)復合(he)(he)(he)型(xing)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)（COHPAC），即含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)煙(yan)氣(qi)先經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)后(hou)，再進(jin)(jin)入袋(dai)(dai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)。這種除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)主要(yao)特點是(shi)經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)預先除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)，降(jiang)低(di)了(le)進(jin)(jin)入袋(dai)(dai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)濃度，從而(er)提高(gao)了(le)袋(dai)(dai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)過濾(lv)風(feng)速(su)，延長(chang)了(le)清灰(hui)周(zhou)期，提高(gao)了(le)濾(lv)袋(dai)(dai)壽命。這類除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)已有(you)工(gong)業應(ying)用，尤其(qi)是(shi)在(zai)原有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)改造方面，具有(you)一定的(de)優(you)勢。另一種為嵌(qian)入式復合(he)(he)(he)型(xing)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)，典(dian)型(xing)的(de)是(shi)1990年由美國(guo)(guo)北達(da)科他大學能源(yuan)與(yu)環境研究中(zhong)心開(kai)發的(de)Advanced Hybrid Particulate Collector（AHPC，先進(jin)(jin)混(hun)合(he)(he)(he)型(xing)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)），在(zai)AHPC除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)，沒有(you)單獨(du)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)或(huo)袋(dai)(dai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)。在(zai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)內(nei)部，濾(lv)袋(dai)(dai)的(de)兩側布置了(le)多(duo)孔(kong)(kong)板，該多(duo)孔(kong)(kong)板即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)極板。煙(yan)氣(qi)在(zai)到達(da)濾(lv)袋(dai)(dai)前(qian)，首先要(yao)流(liu)經多(duo)孔(kong)(kong)板，大部分粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)被除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)去，真正(zheng)由濾(lv)袋(dai)(dai)捕集的(de)只是(shi)少數（如圖1）。這種形式的(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)外有(you)文獻報導，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力行業有(you)所應(ying)用。  

圖1  先進混合型除塵(chen)器

而將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)預荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)原(yuan)理作用于粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)后，再利用袋除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)進行除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)技術在(zai)國(guo)內已有研(yan)究。如東北大學設(she)計的(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)增(zeng)強(qiang)型袋除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)樣機已于1999年4月投入(ru)測試階(jie)段(duan)。其基本的(de)(de)原(yuan)理是在(zai)袋除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)入(ru)口設(she)置(zhi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，使進入(ru)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)帶有一定(ding)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，在(zai)濾(lv)袋表(biao)面產生一定(ding)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)，從而增(zeng)強(qiang)纖維對粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)捕(bu)集力；同時，減輕了清(qing)灰(hui)力度。但是，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)遠離濾(lv)袋的(de)(de)上(shang)游，粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)會喪失電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)而使空間電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)對濾(lv)袋表(biao)面電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)增(zeng)強(qiang)減至可以忽略的(de)(de)程度。

本(ben)(ben)文(wen)主要(yao)闡述的(de)靜電激發(fa)型(xing)袋(dai)除塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)是指采用了濾袋(dai)作為電除塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)收(shou)塵(chen)極板(ban)，粉塵(chen)的(de)過(guo)濾又采用了袋(dai)除塵(chen)技術的(de)一類除塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)。最典型(xing)的(de)代表(biao)是被 USEPA（美(mei)國(guo)環保署）命名，且于1993年、2000年申請專利的(de)ESFF（靜電激發(fa)型(xing)袋(dai)除塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)）。GE能源部(bu)于2003年獲得獨(du)家(jia)特許使用權并(bing)商業化(hua)后(hou)(hou)將其(qi)命名為Max-9TMESFF（Max-9的(de)意(yi)思(si)是指除塵(chen)效率(lv)最多的(de)9，即(ji)靜電激發(fa)后(hou)(hou)，除塵(chen)效率(lv)從(cong)99.9+%增加到 99.99+%）。本(ben)(ben)文(wen)將基于Max-9的(de)基本(ben)(ben)結構(gou)闡述其(qi)原理和應用情況(kuang)。

2  Max-9靜(jing)電激發型袋除塵(chen)器的結(jie)構

2.1  電除塵器的(de)基本(ben)結構（如(ru)圖2）

圖2  電(dian)除(chu)塵器(qi)的基本(ben)結(jie)構

放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)由(you)布置(zhi)在4條均布的(de)(de)濾袋間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)暈線(xian)組成，電(dian)(dian)暈線(xian)通過(guo)絕(jue)緣(yuan)瓷瓶(ping)(ping)支撐在花(hua)板(ban)上，頂部(bu)通過(guo)鋼管式框架連接(jie)起(qi)來，并(bing)與電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)振打器連接(jie)在一(yi)起(qi)，實現(xian)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)清灰(hui)；下(xia)部(bu)通過(guo)導(dao)軌(gui)連接(jie)在一(yi)起(qi)，導(dao)軌(gui)通過(guo)絕(jue)緣(yuan)瓷瓶(ping)(ping)固定(ding)(ding)在箱(xiang)體上，防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)震動清灰(hui)和(he)氣(qi)流(liu)上升引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)偏移。收塵極(ji)(ji)由(you)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)濾袋和(he)袋籠(long)組成，在濾袋中編入導(dao)電(dian)(dian)纖(xian)維，為(wei)(wei)防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)高，影響濾袋和(he)袋籠(long)的(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)能，將每(mei)個(ge)袋籠(long)帽(mao)連接(jie)接(jie)地電(dian)(dian)線(xian)，防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)靜電(dian)(dian)在濾袋上積累，使濾袋周圍電(dian)(dian)火花(hua)的(de)(de)發生率幾乎為(wei)(wei)零；在濾袋底(di)部(bu)套上固定(ding)(ding)環，防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)氣(qi)流(liu)對濾袋底(di)部(bu)的(de)(de)沖擊而晃動。

2.2  袋除塵器的(de)基(ji)本結構（如(ru)圖(tu)3）

圖3  袋(dai)除塵(chen)器的基本結構

含塵(chen)煙氣(qi)(qi)從(cong)灰(hui)(hui)斗(dou)進入濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋的(de)(de)中(zhong)間(jian)，經過(guo)靜電(dian)激發后的(de)(de)帶(dai)電(dian)粉塵(chen)沉積(ji)在(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋表面，粉塵(chen)被阻(zu)流(liu)在(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋外，過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)后氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)通(tong)過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋中(zhong)間(jian)上(shang)升(sheng)到(dao)上(shang)箱體(ti)，最后從(cong)排(pai)(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi)口排(pai)(pai)(pai)出(chu)。每排(pai)(pai)(pai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋上(shang)部均裝有一(yi)根噴(pen)(pen)(pen)吹(chui)管(guan)，噴(pen)(pen)(pen)吹(chui)管(guan)上(shang)有噴(pen)(pen)(pen)孔與每條(tiao)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋的(de)(de)中(zhong)心相(xiang)對應。控制系統根據阻(zu)力大小(xiao)或一(yi)定的(de)(de)時間(jian)間(jian)隔(ge)，控制脈(mo)沖閥開啟(qi)，使高(gao)壓(ya)空氣(qi)(qi)從(cong)氣(qi)(qi)包內進入噴(pen)(pen)(pen)射(she)(she)管(guan)，而(er)后從(cong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)射(she)(she)孔中(zhong)以較高(gao)速度噴(pen)(pen)(pen)出(chu)。高(gao)速氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)周圍形成一(yi)個相(xiang)當(dang)于自己體(ti)積(ji)5～7倍的(de)(de)誘(you)導氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)，一(yi)起(qi)進入濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋內，使濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋劇(ju)烈膨脹，引起(qi)沖擊振動，并在(zai)瞬時內產生由內向外的(de)(de)逆(ni)向氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)，使附著在(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋外及(ji)吸入濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋內部的(de)(de)塵(chen)粒被吹(chui)掃下(xia)來(lai)，落入灰(hui)(hui)斗(dou)。

3  靜電激發型袋除塵器的工作機理

在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)和(he)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)籠間(jian)(jian)間(jian)(jian)隔布置高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)線，這(zhe)時給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)線施加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，即使(shi)沒(mei)有粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)流動(dong)，也會(hui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)織物表面(mian)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場。當(dang)氣流從底部進(jin)入濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)間(jian)(jian)后，附(fu)著(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)(yu)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荷(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)又在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整個濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表面(mian)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場；靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要作(zuo)用在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)線放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，使(shi)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)附(fu)上(shang)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)（更易(yi)(yi)穿透的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顆(ke)粒攜帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)較少），粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量及(ji)其(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排列(lie)反映(ying)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)激發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)。實踐(jian)表明，最(zui)適于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)為 106 ～1011 Ω·cm，而對于(yu)(yu)激發來說，當(dang)比(bi)(bi)(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)106 Ω·cm以下時，塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能較好，到(dao)達濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表面(mian)立(li)即釋放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)。而且由(you)于(yu)(yu)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感應可獲得和(he)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)同極(ji)(ji)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)，當(dang)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排斥力(li)大于(yu)(yu)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粘附(fu)力(li)時，沉積在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)脫離(li)(li)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)而重(zhong)返氣流。重(zhong)返氣流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)上(shang)部再(zai)次荷(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，又被(bei)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)捕(bu)集，最(zui)后可能造(zao)成濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頂部空間(jian)(jian)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)富集，同時使(shi)部分濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)失效。相反，當(dang)比(bi)(bi)(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)高(gao)于(yu)(yu) 1011 Ω·cm時，粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)沉積后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)不(bu)容易(yi)(yi)釋放(fang)，促使(shi)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)層和(he)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)出現(xian)(xian)一(yi)個新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場，這(zhe)個新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場一(yi)方面(mian)使(shi)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)牢牢地(di)吸附(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表面(mian)，不(bu)易(yi)(yi)脫落；另一(yi)方面(mian)伴隨著(zhu)(zhu)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷增加，粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)層和(he)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)個愈來愈強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場，如果(guo)不(bu)及(ji)時清灰，最(zui)后在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)個區域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)層空隙中(zhong)就會(hui)出現(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)和(he)負離(li)(li)子(zi)被(bei)吸向濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)，正離(li)(li)子(zi)被(bei)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)排斥跑到(dao)氣流上(shang)升空間(jian)(jian)，這(zhe)種現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)也就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器運行(xing)中(zhong)出現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)(xian)會(hui)嚴重(zhong)降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)激發效果(guo)。

當荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵隨(sui)氣流接近(jin)濾(lv)袋(dai)(dai)表(biao)面時(shi)，使濾(lv)袋(dai)(dai)表(biao)面纖(xian)維(wei)感應帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)，在(zai)(zai)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)力作(zuo)用下(xia)塵粒在(zai)(zai)纖(xian)維(wei)表(biao)面沉降，所以(yi)粉(fen)塵的(de)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)增(zeng)強了濾(lv)袋(dai)(dai)表(biao)面纖(xian)維(wei)層的(de)過濾(lv)效(xiao)率(lv)；在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)力的(de)作(zuo)用下(xia)，微細粉(fen)塵在(zai)(zai)濾(lv)袋(dai)(dai)表(biao)面進行(xing)了凝(ning)并，顆粒粒徑增(zeng)大。沉積在(zai)(zai)濾(lv)袋(dai)(dai)表(biao)面的(de)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵，比空(kong)氣更具導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)更集中(zhong)，后來的(de)粉(fen)塵粒子(zi)不斷沉積其上并形成(cheng)松(song)散的(de)堆積狀，因(yin)而透(tou)氣性好(hao)，氣流通(tong)過壓力減小。這種沉積形式(shi)使反吹氣流或其他類(lei)型的(de)清灰容易進行(xing)。

上述的(de)(de)(de)(de)機理表(biao)明(ming)，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)低比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)，通(tong)過靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)激(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)來提(ti)高袋(dai)除塵(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)功效(xiao)(xiao)并不明(ming)顯(xian)。而(er)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)高比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)，附(fu)著在(zai)濾(lv)袋(dai)表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量相對(dui)(dui)更(geng)(geng)多，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)凝(ning)聚和(he)互斥現象更(geng)(geng)顯(xian)著，有利于(yu)(yu)微細粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)捕集(ji)，阻(zu)(zu)力更(geng)(geng)低，但前(qian)提(ti)是要防止反(fan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈現象的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生。基(ji)于(yu)(yu)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)激(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)對(dui)(dui)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)敏感性(xing)，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)激(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)選(xuan)擇(ze)尤為(wei)重要。此外，清灰頻率的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)和(he)強度的(de)(de)(de)(de)設置也對(dui)(dui)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)激(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)果起到一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制作用。在(zai)滿足煙氣工(gong)況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提(ti)下，對(dui)(dui)濾(lv)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)，以(yi)氈(zhan)濾(lv)料(liao)來看，在(zai)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場時，粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)在(zai)濾(lv)料(liao)中部(bu)纖維(wei)(wei)比較密的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)形成(cheng)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)層；而(er)在(zai)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場時，由于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用使大部(bu)分(fen)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)停留在(zai)表(biao)面(mian)纖維(wei)(wei)比較稀的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)，留下較寬縫隙讓空氣通(tong)過。所以(yi)，要使外加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)織物過濾(lv)取得最佳效(xiao)(xiao)果，濾(lv)料(liao)應(ying)具(ju)有纖維(wei)(wei)較稀的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)層。所以(yi)，濾(lv)袋(dai)纖維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)性(xing)質、導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能對(dui)(dui)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)激(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)果影響(xiang)很大。

4  應用分析

GE能源(yuan)公(gong)司2005年在Alabama Plant Miller 工(gong)廠鍋爐上(shang)使用的(de)一臺Max-9TMESFF的(de)數據如下(xia)表。

其電(dian)壓控制應用了(le)自動電(dian)壓控制系統SQ300，提高了(le)靜(jing)電(dian)激發的效果，避免(mian)了(le)火花放(fang)電(dian)對濾袋的影響。通過加(jia)靜(jing)電(dian)和不加(jia)靜(jing)電(dian)的比(bi)較，壓差減少了(le)3/4；排放(fang)濃度減少80%～90%。

從靜(jing)電激發型(xing)袋(dai)(dai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)機理和(he)(he)Max-9TMESFF的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)數據來分析，靜(jing)電激發可以顯著(zhu)地提高袋(dai)(dai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵效率，尤其(qi)(qi)是減少(shao)了呼吸性粉塵（PM2.5）的(de)(de)(de)逃逸；同時，可以在(zai)提高袋(dai)(dai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵器(qi)氣布(bu)(bu)比的(de)(de)(de)前提下(xia)，降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)袋(dai)(dai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)差(cha)；粉塵在(zai)濾袋(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)置形式使(shi)清灰強度和(he)(he)頻率大大降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)，提高了濾袋(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命。尤其(qi)(qi)是對捕集(ji)高比電阻粉塵具有(you)的(de)(de)(de)優勢來看，在(zai)有(you)毒有(you)害物質的(de)(de)(de)回收方(fang)面（如利用(yong)(yong)活(huo)性炭吸附汞）具有(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)推廣作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。但是，在(zai)激發電壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制選擇和(he)(he)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)大型(xing)化(hua)，以及降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)造價方(fang)面還有(you)待探(tan)索(suo)和(he)(he)實踐。所(suo)以，此類除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵器(qi)在(zai)國(guo)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)推廣和(he)(he)應用(yong)(yong)還需要一定的(de)(de)(de)時間。

參考文獻：

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 [2] 吳京楊.電袋復合型(xing)除塵器的應用分析[J].能源環境保護，2007.（8）.

[3] 榮(rong)偉東，等.靜(jing)電(dian)增強布袋除塵器的實(shi)驗研究及應用[J].建筑熱(re)能通(tong)風空調，   2003，（2）.

[4] 嵇敬文(wen)，等.電(dian)袋結(jie)合除塵器技術綜述[EB/OL].

[5] 黃斌，等(deng).靜電對纖(xian)維濾料過濾飛灰顆(ke)粒的影響(xiang)[J].中(zhong)國電機(ji)工程(cheng)學報，   2006，（12）.

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