離心(xin)玻璃(li)棉內部纖維蓬(peng)松交錯，存在(zai)大(da)量微小的(de)孔(kong)(kong)隙，是典型的(de)多孔(kong)(kong)性吸(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)材料，具有良好的(de)吸(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)特(te)性。離心(xin)玻璃(li)棉可(ke)以(yi)制成墻(qiang)板、天花板、空(kong)間吸(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)體等，可(ke)以(yi)大(da)量吸(xi)收房(fang)間內的(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能，降低混響時(shi)間，減少室內噪聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。

離心玻璃棉的吸聲特性不但與(yu)厚度和容重(zhong)有(you)關，也與(yu)罩面材料(liao)、結構構造等(deng)因素有(you)關。在建筑應用中還需同時兼顧造價、美觀(guan)、防火、防潮、粉塵(chen)、耐(nai)老(lao)化等(deng)多方面問題。

離(li)(li)心玻(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)(mian)屬于(yu)多孔吸(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)材料，具(ju)有(you)(you)良好的吸(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性能(neng)。離(li)(li)心玻(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)(mian)能(neng)夠吸(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的原(yuan)因不是(shi)由于(yu)表面粗糙，而是(shi)因為(wei)具(ju)有(you)(you)大(da)量(liang)的內外連(lian)通的微(wei)小孔隙(xi)和(he)孔洞。當(dang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)入射到(dao)離(li)(li)心玻(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)(mian)上時，聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)能(neng)順著孔隙(xi)進入材料內部，引起空(kong)(kong)隙(xi)中空(kong)(kong)氣分子的振動(dong)。由于(yu)空(kong)(kong)氣的粘滯阻(zu)力和(he)空(kong)(kong)氣分子與孔隙(xi)壁的摩(mo)擦，聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)轉化為(wei)熱能(neng)而損耗。

離(li)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)棉對聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音中(zhong)高頻有(you)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)能。影響(xiang)離(li)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)棉吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要因素(su)是(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、密度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)等。密度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)每(mei)立方(fang)米材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)。空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)是(shi)(shi)單位(wei)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)時(shi)材(cai)料(liao)兩側(ce)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓和(he)(he)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)速之比(bi)。空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)是(shi)(shi)影響(xiang)離(li)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)棉吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)能最(zui)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素(su)。流(liu)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)太(tai)(tai)小，說明材(cai)料(liao)稀疏，空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)振動(dong)容(rong)易穿過，吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)能下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)；流(liu)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)太(tai)(tai)大(da)，說明材(cai)料(liao)密實(shi)(shi)，空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)振動(dong)難(nan)于傳(chuan)入，吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)能亦下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)。對于離(li)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)棉來講，吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)能存在(zai)最(zui)佳(jia)(jia)流(liu)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。在(zai)實(shi)(shi)際工程(cheng)中(zhong)，測定空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)比(bi)較(jiao)困難(nan)，但(dan)可(ke)以通(tong)過厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)容(rong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)粗略估計(ji)和(he)(he)控制(zhi)。1、隨著厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)增(zeng)加，中(zhong)低(di)(di)頻吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系數(shu)(shu)顯著地增(zeng)加，但(dan)高頻變化不大(da)（高頻吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收總是(shi)(shi)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)）。2、厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不變，容(rong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)增(zeng)加，中(zhong)低(di)(di)頻吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系數(shu)(shu)亦增(zeng)加；但(dan)當(dang)(dang)(dang)容(rong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)增(zeng)加到一(yi)定程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)時(shi)，材(cai)料(liao)變得密實(shi)(shi)，流(liu)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)大(da)于最(zui)佳(jia)(jia)流(liu)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系數(shu)(shu)反(fan)而下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)。對于厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)超過5cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)16Kg/m3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離(li)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)棉，低(di)(di)頻 125Hz約(yue)為(wei)0.2，中(zhong)高頻（>500Hz）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系數(shu)(shu)已經接(jie)近于1了。當(dang)(dang)(dang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)由5cm繼續(xu)增(zeng)大(da)時(shi)，低(di)(di)頻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系數(shu)(shu)逐漸提高，當(dang)(dang)(dang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)于 1m以上時(shi)，低(di)(di)頻125Hz的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系數(shu)(shu)也將接(jie)近于1。當(dang)(dang)(dang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不變，容(rong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)增(zeng)大(da)時(shi)，離(li)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)棉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)頻吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系數(shu)(shu)也將不斷提高，當(dang)(dang)(dang)容(rong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)近110kg/m3時(shi)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)能達到最(zui)大(da)值，50mm厚(hou)(hou)(hou)、頻率125Hz處接(jie)近0.6-0.7。容(rong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)超過120kg/m3時(shi)，吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)能反(fan)而下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)，是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)材(cai)料(liao)變得致密，中(zhong)高頻吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)能受(shou)到很大(da)影響(xiang)，當(dang)(dang)(dang)容(rong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)超過300kg/m3時(shi)，吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)能減小很多。建筑聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學中(zhong)常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)棉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)有(you)2.5cm、5cm、10cm，容(rong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)16、24、 32、48、80、96、112kg/m3。通(tong)常使(shi)用(yong)5cm厚(hou)(hou)(hou)，12-48kg/m3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離(li)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)棉。

離(li)心玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)能還與(yu)(yu)安裝條件有(you)著密(mi)切的(de)(de)關系。當玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)(mian)板(ban)背后有(you)空氣層(ceng)時(shi)，與(yu)(yu)相同厚度無空氣層(ceng)的(de)(de)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)(mian)板(ban)吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)類(lei)似。尤其是(shi)中低頻吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)能比材料實貼(tie)在(zai)硬底面(mian)上會有(you)較大提高，吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系數將隨空氣層(ceng)的(de)(de)厚度增加(jia)而增加(jia)，但增加(jia)到一(yi)定(ding)值后效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)就不明顯(xian)了。

使用(yong)不同容重的(de)(de)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)(mian)疊(die)和在一(yi)起(qi)，形(xing)成容重逐漸(jian)增(zeng)大(da)的(de)(de)形(xing)式，可(ke)以獲得(de)更大(da)的(de)(de)吸(xi)聲效果。例如將一(yi)層(ceng)2.5cm厚24kg/m3的(de)(de)棉(mian)(mian)板與一(yi)層(ceng)2.5cm 厚32kg/m3的(de)(de)棉(mian)(mian)板疊(die)和在一(yi)起(qi)的(de)(de)吸(xi)聲效果要(yao)好(hao)于(yu)一(yi)層(ceng)5cm厚32kg/m3的(de)(de)棉(mian)(mian)板。將24kg/m3的(de)(de)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)(mian)板制成1m長的(de)(de)斷面為三角型的(de)(de)尖劈(pi)，材料面密度逐漸(jian)增(zeng)大(da)，平均吸(xi)聲系數可(ke)接(jie)近于(yu)1。

離心(xin)(xin)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)棉(mian)在(zai)建筑使(shi)用(yong)中，表面(mian)(mian)往(wang)往(wang)要附(fu)加有一定透(tou)(tou)聲(sheng)作用(yong)的飾面(mian)(mian)，如小于(yu)0.5mm的塑料(liao)(liao)薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)、金(jin)屬(shu)網、窗紗(sha)、防(fang)火(huo)布(bu)(bu)(bu)、玻(bo)璃(li)(li)絲布(bu)(bu)(bu)等，基本可以保持原來的吸聲(sheng)特性(xing)。離心(xin)(xin)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)棉(mian)具有防(fang)火(huo)、保溫、易于(yu)切(qie)割等優(you)良特性(xing)，是建筑吸聲(sheng)最(zui)常用(yong)的材料(liao)(liao)之一。但是由于(yu)離心(xin)(xin)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)棉(mian)表面(mian)(mian)無(wu)裝(zhuang)飾性(xing)，而且(qie)會有纖(xian)維灑落(luo)，因(yin)此必須制成各種吸聲(sheng)構件隱蔽使(shi)用(yong)。最(zui)常使(shi)用(yong)也是造(zao)價最(zui)低廉的構造(zao)是穿(chuan)孔(kong)紙面(mian)(mian)石(shi)膏板(ban)的吊頂或做成內填離心(xin)(xin)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)棉(mian)的穿(chuan)孔(kong)板(ban)墻面(mian)(mian)，穿(chuan)孔(kong)率(lv)大于(yu)20％時，基本能夠完全發揮出(chu)離心(xin)(xin)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)棉(mian)的吸聲(sheng)性(xing)能。為(wei)了防(fang)止玻(bo)璃(li)(li)棉(mian)纖(xian)維灑出(chu)，需要在(zai)穿(chuan)孔(kong)板(ban)背(bei)后(hou)附(fu)一層無(wu)紡布(bu)(bu)(bu)、桑(sang)皮(pi)紙等透(tou)(tou)聲(sheng)織物，或使(shi)用(yong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)布(bu)(bu)(bu)、塑料(liao)(liao)薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)等包裹玻(bo)璃(li)(li)棉(mian)。與穿(chuan)孔(kong)紙面(mian)(mian)石(shi)膏板(ban)類似的面(mian)(mian)板(ban)還有穿(chuan)孔(kong)金(jin)屬(shu)板(ban)（如鋁板(ban)）、穿(chuan)孔(kong)木板(ban)、穿(chuan)孔(kong)纖(xian)維水泥(ni)板(ban)、穿(chuan)孔(kong)礦棉(mian)板(ban)等。

玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)經過處理后可(ke)以(yi)(yi)制成吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)吊頂板(ban)(ban)或吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)墻板(ban)(ban)。一(yi)般常見將80-120kg/m3的(de)(de)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)周邊經膠(jiao)水固(gu)化處理后外包(bao)防火(huo)透(tou)聲(sheng)織物形(xing)成既美觀又方(fang)便(bian)安裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)墻板(ban)(ban)，常見尺(chi)寸為(wei)1.2m×1.2m、1.2m×0.6m、0.6m×0.6m，厚度2.5cm或5cm。也有(you)(you)(you)在110Kg/m3的(de)(de)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)上(shang)直接噴刷透(tou)聲(sheng)裝(zhuang)飾材料形(xing)成的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)吊頂板(ban)(ban)。無論(lun)是玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)(mian)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)墻板(ban)(ban)還是吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)吊頂板(ban)(ban)，都需要使(shi)用高(gao)(gao)容(rong)重的(de)(de)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)(mian)，并經過一(yi)定的(de)(de)強(qiang)化處理，以(yi)(yi)防止板(ban)(ban)材變形(xing)或過于(yu)(yu)松軟。這一(yi)類的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)材料既有(you)(you)(you)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)飾性(xing)又保留(liu)了離(li)心(xin)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)(mian)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)特性(xing)，降噪系數NRC一(yi)般可(ke)以(yi)(yi)達到0.85以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。<BR>在體(ti)育館、車間等(deng)大空間內(nei)，為(wei)了吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)降噪，常常使(shi)用以(yi)(yi)離(li)心(xin)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)(mian)為(wei)主要吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)材料的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)體(ti)。吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)體(ti)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)根(gen)據要求制成板(ban)(ban)狀、柱(zhu)狀、錐體(ti)或其他異型體(ti)。吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)體(ti)內(nei)部填充離(li)心(xin)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)棉(mian)(mian)，表面(mian)(mian)使(shi)用透(tou)聲(sheng)面(mian)(mian)層包(bao)裹(guo)。由于(yu)(yu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)體(ti)有(you)(you)(you)多個(ge)表面(mian)(mian)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)，吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)效率(lv)很高(gao)(gao)。

在(zai)道路隔聲屏(ping)障中，為(wei)(wei)了防(fang)止噪聲反射(she)，需(xu)要在(zai)面(mian)向車輛一側(ce)采取吸(xi)聲措施，往往也使(shi)用離心玻(bo)璃棉作為(wei)(wei)填充(chong)材料、面(mian)層為(wei)(wei)穿(chuan)孔金屬板的屏(ping)障板。為(wei)(wei)了防(fang)止玻(bo)璃棉在(zai)室外吸(xi)水受潮，有(you)時會使(shi)用PVC或塑料薄(bo)膜包裹。

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