燃煤電廠無旁路脫硫系統調試
摘要:國華三河發電有限責任公司(si)二(er)期工程3、4號(hao)爐的(de)脫(tuo)硫系統(tong)采用了無煙氣(qi)旁路、無GGH、引風機(ji)和增(zeng)壓風機(ji)合并、“煙塔合一”的(de)新(xin)技術,其調(diao)試(shi)工作在國內為首次。通過探索和實(shi)踐,總結出了一套有效的(de)運行控制方式(shi)。
關鍵詞:無(wu)旁路,脫硫系(xi)統,調(diao)試
0 前言
國(guo)華三河發電有限(xian)責任公司(以下簡稱“三河電廠(chang)”)地處北(bei)京周邊,位(wei)于河北(bei)省三河市燕郊(jiao)。一期(qi)工程(cheng)已(yi)安裝2臺(tai)350MW凝汽式汽輪(lun)發電機(ji)組, 1、2號機(ji)組分(fen)別于1999年12月(yue)、2000年 4月(yue)投(tou)產(chan)。二期(qi)工程(cheng)安裝了2臺(tai)300 MW供熱機(ji)組,其中石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)2石(shi)(shi)膏濕法煙(yan)氣(qi)脫硫(liu)系統采(cai)用了無(wu)旁路(lu)、無(wu)GGH、引(yin)風機(ji)與增壓風機(ji)合并(bing)及“煙(yan)塔合一”等新技術。
脫硫(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)無旁路應用在(zai)國外發(fa)展得已(yi)經比(bi)較成(cheng)(cheng)熟,而(er)在(zai)國內(nei)才剛剛起步。三河電(dian)廠二(er)期工(gong)程(cheng) 3、4號機組為國內(nei)首次投入(ru)運行的(de)無旁路設(she)計的(de)脫硫(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。它以一期煙氣脫硫(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)改造為依托, 脫硫(liu)的(de)公用系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)在(zai)一期煙氣脫硫(liu)區域(yu)。二(er)期工(gong)程(cheng)3、4號機組已(yi)于2007年9月和11月完成(cheng)(cheng)168 h試驗并投入(ru)運行。從目前運行情況來(lai)看,機組和脫硫(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)運行正常,滿足(zu)設(she)計的(de)要求,達到環(huan)保(bao)排放標準(zhun),使國華(hua)三河發(fa)電(dian)廠成(cheng)(cheng)為脫硫(liu)脫硝、煙塔合一、灰渣(zha)零排、中水利用的(de)綠(lv)色(se)環(huan)保(bao)電(dian)站。
1 二期擴建工程簡介
1.1 機組設備概況
三河電廠(chang)(chang)二期工程3、4 號鍋爐為東方鍋爐 (集團)股份有限公司制(zhi)(zhi)造的DG1025 /18. 22Ⅱ6 型亞(ya)臨界、自然循環(huan)、一次中間再熱(re)、固態排(pai)渣(zha)、燃煤汽(qi)(qi)包爐。汽(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)為東方汽(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)廠(chang)(chang)制(zhi)(zhi)造,為單(dan)軸、兩缸(gang)兩排(pai)汽(qi)(qi)、亞(ya)臨界、一次中間再熱(re)凝(ning)汽(qi)(qi)式。電除塵(chen)(chen)器為雙室(shi)五電場靜電除塵(chen)(chen)器,設計除塵(chen)(chen)效率大于等(deng)于99. 6% ,粉塵(chen)(chen)排(pai)放濃度(du)小于等(deng)于55 mg/ m3 ,煙塔高度(du)為120 m。
1.2 脫硫設備概況
三(san)河電廠二期工程(cheng)3、4號爐(lu)的(de)脫硫系統(tong)的(de)采用一(yi)爐(lu)一(yi)塔100%全煙(yan)氣脫硫,設計(ji)效率大于等于95%。
脫硫(liu)系統(tong)采用冷(leng)卻塔直接(jie)排(pai)煙(yan),不設煙(yan)氣旁路煙(yan)道、GGH以(yi)及脫硫(liu)增(zeng)壓風(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji),脫硫(liu)系統(tong)的阻力(li)由引風(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)克(ke)服。
二期工程3、4號(hao)爐脫硫(liu)系統的吸(xi)(xi)收塔總(zong)高(gao)度(du)約34 m,噴淋(lin)層的高(gao)度(du)分別為(wei)(wei)20. 8 m、22. 8 m、 24. 8 m,吸(xi)(xi)收塔的漿(jiang)池(chi)設計(ji)高(gao)度(du)為(wei)(wei)9. 5 m,塔池(chi)的石(shi)膏漿(jiang)液采用懸(xuan)浮脈沖的攪拌方式,吸(xi)(xi)收塔直(zhi)徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)12. 5 m。吸(xi)(xi)收塔入(ru)(ru)口(kou)處(chu)安裝事故噴淋(lin)罐(guan)(guan),安裝高(gao)度(du)為(wei)(wei)22 m,罐(guan)(guan)容積約120 m3 ,吸(xi)(xi)收塔入(ru)(ru)口(kou)煙(yan)道(dao)內均勻分布(bu)21個噴嘴,罐(guan)(guan)內水靠自身的重量進行(xing)噴淋(lin)使(shi)煙(yan)氣降溫。吸(xi)(xi)收塔出口(kou)為(wei)(wei)直(zhi)徑(jing)5. 2 m的玻璃(li)鋼圓(yuan)煙(yan)道(dao),直(zhi)接進入(ru)(ru)冷卻塔中心。
每臺(tai)爐脫硫(liu)系統的煙氣量設計(ji)為1 146 900 m3 /h,按設計(ji)煤種計(ji)算時(shi)吸(xi)收塔(ta)(ta)SO2 入口濃度 1 603 mg/m3 ,校核(he)煤種計(ji)算吸(xi)收塔(ta)(ta)SO2 入口濃度 1 938 mg/m3。
按吸收(shou)塔(ta)脫硫效率(lv)大(da)于(yu)等于(yu)95%計算(suan),吸收(shou)塔(ta)出(chu)口(kou)排放(fang)的SO2 濃度分別(bie)為小于(yu)等于(yu)79. 81 mg/m3 (設計煤種)和小于(yu)等于(yu)96. 49 mg/m3 (校核(he)煤種) ,吸收(shou)塔(ta)出(chu)口(kou)排放(fang)的粉塵濃度小于(yu)等于(yu) 28 mg/m3。
全廠脫(tuo)硫(liu)公用系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)卸料及(ji)儲存系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)漿液制備(bei)及(ji)給料系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、石(shi)(shi)膏(gao)脫(tuo)水(shui)及(ji)存儲系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、事(shi)故漿液箱系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、廢(fei)水(shui)處理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)等設(she)在一期(qi)脫(tuo)硫(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中,所(suo)以二(er)期(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)3、4號爐吸收塔的(de)吸收劑漿液制備(bei)及(ji)石(shi)(shi)膏(gao)脫(tuo)水(shui)與一期(qi)共(gong)用。全廠共(gong)設(she) 2套濕磨制備(bei)及(ji)真(zhen)空皮帶脫(tuo)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。一期(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)脫(tuo)硫(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)改造和(he)二(er)期(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)脫(tuo)硫(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)基本同時(shi)進行(xing)。
一期工程脫硫(liu)DCS控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統為單獨設置,二期的DCS脫硫(liu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)與機組DCS為公(gong)用(yong),脫硫(liu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在主控(kong)室(shi)。
由(you)于其(qi)它電廠脫(tuo)硫(liu)系(xi)(xi)統均有(you)旁(pang)路煙(yan)道,因此在鍋爐啟停、煤(mei)油混(hun)燒(shao)、等離子點火、機組負(fu)荷不穩、MFT、鍋爐RB等工(gong)(gong)況時可開旁(pang)路運行。而無(wu)旁(pang)路脫(tuo)硫(liu)系(xi)(xi)統在以上工(gong)(gong)況下必須經過(guo)吸收塔,這些工(gong)(gong)況下如果調試(shi)過(guo)程控制不好會對(dui)吸收塔造成損壞。并且如果吸收塔循環泵均跳(tiao)閘(zha)(zha)及煙(yan)溫超過(guo)吸收塔設計(ji)溫度(du),為保護吸收塔需鍋爐跳(tiao)閘(zha)(zha)停爐, 這與常規有(you)旁(pang)路脫(tuo)硫(liu)系(xi)(xi)統運行有(you)很大的區別,給調試(shi)及運行增加了一定(ding)的風險(xian)和難度(du)。
三(san)河電廠是我(wo)(wo)國(guo)首例使(shi)用脫硫無旁路煙道的(de)(de)電廠,國(guo)內沒有可借鑒的(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)試(shi)經驗(yan)。通過該(gai)工程的(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)試(shi)實踐和摸索,為今(jin)后我(wo)(wo)國(guo)無旁路脫硫系統的(de)(de)鍋爐調(diao)(diao)試(shi)及運行積累了(le)一(yi)些經驗(yan)。
對于無(wu)旁(pang)(pang)路(lu)煙道的脫(tuo)硫系統(tong)在調(diao)(diao)試(shi)、運(yun)行(xing)操作控制等(deng)方面與(yu)常規有(you)旁(pang)(pang)路(lu)脫(tuo)硫系統(tong)之間的區別,本文主要結合無(wu)旁(pang)(pang)路(lu)脫(tuo)硫系統(tong)的調(diao)(diao)試(shi)實踐過(guo)程(cheng)進行(xing)了論(lun)述(shu)。
2 脫硫無旁路調試的特殊性及難度
由(you)于(yu)(yu)二(er)期工(gong)程脫(tuo)硫(liu)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)采(cai)用增(zeng)壓風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)和引風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)合二(er)為一(yi)(yi)(yi)、無(wu)旁路(lu)煙道(dao)、無(wu)GGH及“煙塔合一(yi)(yi)(yi)” 技(ji)術,脫(tuo)硫(liu)吸收塔成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為鍋爐煙風(feng)(feng)(feng)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個重要組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen),脫(tuo)硫(liu)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)調(diao)試(shi)與機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)調(diao)試(shi)密(mi)不(bu)可分(fen), 造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)脫(tuo)硫(liu)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)冷態調(diao)試(shi)、熱態調(diao)試(shi)與機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)調(diao)試(shi)必須同(tong)時進行(xing)(xing),脫(tuo)硫(liu)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起投(tou)入168 h 滿負荷(he)試(shi)運。因此無(wu)旁路(lu)脫(tuo)硫(liu)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)及調(diao)試(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)必須比(bi)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)調(diao)試(shi)超前(qian)或同(tong)步:脫(tuo)硫(liu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置必須進行(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)工(gong)作(zuo),其內部設(she)備多、面(mian)積比(bi)較大,并且有環境溫度(du)和濕度(du)等(deng)要求(qiu)(qiu),防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)施工(gong)工(gong)期較長 (約二(er)個月(yue)) 。這使得無(wu)旁路(lu)脫(tuo)硫(liu)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)期、防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)施工(gong)及調(diao)試(shi)進度(du)安排(pai)相當緊(jin)張,且脫(tuo)硫(liu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置作(zuo)為鍋爐煙風(feng)(feng)(feng)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)部分(fen),脫(tuo)硫(liu)調(diao)試(shi)不(bu)能完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鍋爐就(jiu)無(wu)法點火(huo),故(gu)其調(diao)試(shi)難度(du)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)有旁路(lu)脫(tuo)硫(liu)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。另外,為了(le)避免因脫(tuo)硫(liu)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)故(gu)障(zhang)而(er)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)停運或機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)故(gu)障(zhang)從(cong)而(er)導(dao)致脫(tuo)硫(liu)設(she)備損壞,在控制邏輯和運行(xing)(xing)操(cao)作(zuo)方(fang)面(mian)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)特(te)殊性(xing),對調(diao)試(shi)和運行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)提出了(le)更高(gao)要求(qiu)(qiu)。主要有以下幾方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)困(kun)難:
(1) 脫硫系統的(de)防(fang)(fang)腐施工工期一般不能(neng)壓(ya)縮,因(yin)此要在規定投入時間內完成168 h試運行試驗,需要協調(diao)安裝、防(fang)(fang)腐和調(diao)試時間,安裝和調(diao)試交叉(cha)進行。
(2) 二期的脫(tuo)硫系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)是以一(yi)期脫(tuo)硫系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)為依托(tuo),并且一(yi)、二期脫(tuo)硫系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)同時進行調試,二期脫(tuo)硫系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的石(shi)灰石(shi)制備系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、石(shi)膏脫(tuo)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)等(deng)與一(yi)期脫(tuo)硫系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)共用,因此首先要將一(yi)期脫(tuo)硫的工藝(yi)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、石(shi)灰石(shi)卸料存儲系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、石(shi)灰石(shi)制備系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、石(shi)膏脫(tuo)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、事故漿液箱系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)等(deng)先期調試完成。
(3) 鍋爐(lu)煙風系(xi)統試(shi)運行(xing)影響(xiang)脫硫吸收(shou)塔的安裝、調(diao)試(shi),需要協調(diao)鍋爐(lu)調(diao)試(shi)和(he)脫硫調(diao)試(shi)的試(shi)運行(xing)工序,避免相(xiang)互干擾和(he)損壞設備。
(4) 脫硫吸(xi)收塔(ta)的帶水試(shi)運行和吸(xi)收塔(ta)加(jia)入石(shi)膏晶種必須在鍋爐燃油點火(huo)試(shi)驗(yan)、等(deng)離子點火(huo)試(shi)驗(yan)以及鍋爐吹管試(shi)驗(yan)前(qian)調試(shi)完(wan)畢。
(5) 由于無旁路的脫硫(liu)系(xi)統設計(ji),吸收塔入口煙氣溫度不(bu)能超(chao)過其(qi)設計(ji)值,并且脫硫(liu)系(xi)統故障(zhang)會(hui)影響機(ji)組運行(xing),其(qi)鍋爐(lu)和脫硫(liu)自(zi)動(dong)控制和邏輯保護與常規鍋爐(lu)不(bu)同(tong)。
針對(dui)以上特殊性和(he)難度合理安(an)排(pai)調(diao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期, 在鍋(guo)爐(lu)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、脫硫安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、脫硫防腐期間內(nei)調(diao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作穿插、交(jiao)叉進行,避免(mian)互相影響。協調(diao)調(diao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)步序,對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程進度有(you)較大(da)影響的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作安(an)排(pai)先期安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)及(ji)調(diao)試(shi)(shi)(shi),設備及(ji)系統沒(mei)有(you)調(diao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)條(tiao)件的(de)創造條(tiao)件, 單(dan)體試(shi)(shi)(shi)運行和(he)分系統試(shi)(shi)(shi)運行同時進行,努力達到脫硫系統與(yu)機組調(diao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)進度保(bao)持一致,不影響機組調(diao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)進度。
3 冷態的調試過程
為(wei)了(le)按時(shi)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)調試工作,在脫硫吸收(shou)塔進(jin)行(xing)安裝(zhuang)防腐期間首先進(jin)行(xing)公用系統的冷態調試,確保鍋爐通(tong)風試運(yun)行(xing)在吸收(shou)塔完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)后進(jin)行(xing),然后進(jin)行(xing)吸收(shou)塔的帶(dai)水(shui)試運(yun)行(xing),主要進(jin)行(xing)如下工作步序(xu)。
3.1 公用系統
3.1.1 一期、二期工藝水系統調試
工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)脫硫裝置試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)最基本的(de)子(zi)(zi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),設備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)單體(ti)和其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)子(zi)(zi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)帶(dai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)需要工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),因(yin)此(ci)(ci)在(zai)調試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)初期,重點對工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、除(chu)霧器水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)調試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。一(yi)期的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)給(gei)石灰(hui)石制備(bei)(bei)(bei)、脫水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、事故(gu)(gu)噴(pen)淋、廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)公用系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)提供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源,二(er)期的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)給(gei)二(er)期3、4號爐(lu)吸(xi)收(shou)塔(ta)提供補(bu)充、沖洗、事故(gu)(gu)噴(pen)淋等(deng),因(yin)此(ci)(ci)這(zhe)兩個工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)首先調試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)完(wan)成,才(cai)能(neng)確保其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)調試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。由于吸(xi)收(shou)塔(ta)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)防腐工(gong)(gong)(gong)作以及安裝部(bu)分工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)沒有完(wan)成,針對這(zhe)種情況首先要求將工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)箱及液位、工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵等(deng)安裝完(wan)畢(bi),對工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)去吸(xi)收(shou)塔(ta)以及影(ying)響(xiang)安裝的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)封堵(du),利用工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵、除(chu)霧器水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵與(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)箱的(de)再循環管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵單體(ti)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)及聯鎖保護,等(deng)待(dai)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)安裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)作完(wan)成后(hou),拆除(chu)盲板,再連接工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao), 然后(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)如石灰(hui)石漿液制備(bei)(bei)(bei)、石膏真空脫水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、吸(xi)收(shou)塔(ta)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing), 節約了大量(liang)時(shi)間。
3.1.2 石灰石卸料及存儲系統
石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)卸料(liao)(liao)及存(cun)儲系(xi)統(tong)(tong)主要(yao)包括振(zhen)動(dong)給(gei)料(liao)(liao)機(ji)、皮帶輸送(song)機(ji)、斗提機(ji)、埋(mai)掛板機(ji)、袋式(shi)除塵器等,此(ci)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)由于相對獨立,調(diao)試(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)先(xian)期(qi)進(jin)行,基(ji)本與工(gong)藝水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)調(diao)試(shi)同時完成。這(zhe)個(ge)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)調(diao)試(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)雖然簡(jian)單,但由于設(she)備質(zhi)量、安(an)裝問題較(jiao)多,需要(yao)予(yu)以重視,目的是在石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)漿液(ye)制備系(xi)統(tong)(tong)調(diao)試(shi)之前將石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)顆粒存(cun)儲在石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)倉中,以便進(jin)行下一步的石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)漿液(ye)制漿調(diao)試(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)。
3.1.3 石灰石漿液供給系統
石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)漿(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)系(xi)統(tong)主要包括石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)漿(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)箱、攪拌器、石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)漿(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)泵(beng)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)閥門管(guan)道(dao)等(deng)(deng)設備(bei)。為(wei)了保障(zhang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)漿(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)制備(bei)系(xi)統(tong)的調(diao)試(shi),首(shou)先應將(jiang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)漿(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)系(xi)統(tong)調(diao)試(shi)完(wan)畢,為(wei)避免制備(bei)完(wan)成(cheng)的石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)漿(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)無法存儲,必須先對石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)漿(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)箱及(ji)(ji)攪拌器、石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)泵(beng)等(deng)(deng)進(jin)行(xing)調(diao)試(shi)。對去各(ge)個吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)塔的供(gong)漿(jiang)(jiang)管(guan)道(dao)封堵,避免調(diao)試(shi)期(qi)間(jian)漿(jiang)(jiang)液(ye)(ye)竄(cuan)入(ru)正在防(fang)腐(fu)的吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)塔系(xi)統(tong),并利(li)用再(zai)循環管(guan)道(dao)進(jin)行(xing)帶水單體試(shi)運行(xing)和聯鎖保護等(deng)(deng)試(shi)驗,等(deng)(deng)待吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)塔安裝及(ji)(ji)防(fang)腐(fu)完(wan)成(cheng),再(zai)進(jin)行(xing)管(guan)道(dao)的連(lian)接。
3.1.4 石灰石漿液制備系統
石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)漿液(ye)(ye)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)主要包括(kuo)稱(cheng)重皮帶給料機(ji)、濕磨(mo)及(ji)(ji)(ji)潤滑油站(zhan)、再循環箱(xiang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)攪拌器、再循環泵泵組以及(ji)(ji)(ji)水力旋(xuan)流器等。石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)漿液(ye)(ye)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)由于制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造工(gong)藝、設計以及(ji)(ji)(ji)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)匹配問(wen)題,石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)漿液(ye)(ye)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)在脫硫所有分系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中調(diao)試(shi)(shi)難(nan)度(du)(du)相對較(jiao)大(da)、調(diao)試(shi)(shi)時間(jian)(jian)較(jiao)長,濕磨(mo)調(diao)試(shi)(shi)的結果(guo)是要保(bao)證石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)漿液(ye)(ye)的密度(du)(du)、細度(du)(du)及(ji)(ji)(ji)出力。常(chang)規(gui)調(diao)試(shi)(shi)需(xu)要約一個(ge)月時間(jian)(jian),是可能影(ying)響(xiang)工(gong)期(qi)的因(yin)素,因(yin)此對石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)漿液(ye)(ye)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)調(diao)試(shi)(shi)必(bi)需(xu)高度(du)(du)重視,并且將系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的設計缺陷進(jin)行改造,確保(bao)在吸收塔熱態投入(ru)前完成調(diao)試(shi)(shi),并存儲大(da)量的合格石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)漿液(ye)(ye),以便提供給一、二期(qi)4個(ge)吸收塔使用。
3.1.5 真空皮帶脫水系統
真空皮(pi)(pi)帶脫水系(xi)統(tong)包括(kuo)石(shi)膏旋流(liu)器(qi)、皮(pi)(pi)帶脫水機、真空泵(beng)、濾(lv)(lv)液(ye)水箱及濾(lv)(lv)液(ye)水泵(beng)等,在(zai)冷(leng)態(tai)期(qi)間對脫水系(xi)統(tong)進(jin)行冷(leng)態(tai)帶水試運行,在(zai)熱(re)態(tai)期(qi)間通過(guo)給石(shi)膏漿液(ye)再進(jin)一步的(de)調整(zheng)。該(gai)系(xi)統(tong)調試也必須在(zai)熱(re)態(tai)通煙(yan)氣前(qian)完成(cheng)。在(zai)脫水系(xi)統(tong)調試期(qi)間,由于吸(xi)收塔的(de)防(fang)腐,因此將濾(lv)(lv)液(ye)水與吸(xi)收塔之間的(de)管(guan)道(dao)封堵,利用(yong)再循環管(guan)對濾(lv)(lv)液(ye)泵(beng)進(jin)行泵(beng)的(de)單體、聯鎖保護等試驗(yan),等待吸(xi)收塔防(fang)腐工作(zuo)完成(cheng)后接通管(guan)道(dao)。
由于本工程設立的是石膏(gao)倉,只對(dui)石膏(gao)倉的梨式掛刀進行就(jiu)地單體調試。
3.1.6 事故漿液箱系統
吸收(shou)(shou)塔(ta)事故(gu)漿(jiang)液箱系統(tong)設備(bei)主要包(bao)括(kuo)事故(gu)漿(jiang)液箱及(ji)(ji)攪(jiao)拌器、事故(gu)返回泵(beng)及(ji)(ji)管(guan)道等,事故(gu)返回泵(beng)與一、二期(qi)(qi)4個吸收(shou)(shou)塔(ta)母管(guan)連接,此系統(tong)也(ye)是先(xian)期(qi)(qi)調試的(de)(de)重點。它作為(wei)公(gong)用系統(tong)的(de)(de)一部分,在調試期(qi)(qi)間承擔石灰石漿(jiang)液供給(gei)、石膏晶種(zhong)的(de)(de)供給(gei)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)在吸收(shou)(shou)塔(ta)出(chu)現問(wen)題(ti)時倒塔(ta)和(he)及(ji)(ji)時排出(chu)石膏的(de)(de)作用,確(que)保一、二期(qi)(qi)吸收(shou)(shou)塔(ta)調試和(he)運(yun)行正常進行。
3.2 煙風系統的調試
由于(yu)二期工(gong)程(cheng)脫硫(liu)系(xi)統(tong)采用增壓風(feng)(feng)(feng)機和(he)(he)引(yin)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機合二為一(yi)、無旁(pang)路、無GGH和(he)(he)“煙(yan)塔(ta)(ta)合一(yi)”技術,因此脫硫(liu)系(xi)統(tong)的冷(leng)態(tai)通(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)試(shi)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)也就是鍋(guo)爐(lu)煙(yan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)統(tong)的試(shi)運(yun)行(xing)(xing),本(ben)工(gong)程(cheng)引(yin)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機試(shi)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)需要鍋(guo)爐(lu)側(ce)(ce)和(he)(he)脫硫(liu)側(ce)(ce)安裝(zhuang)和(he)(he)調試(shi)密切配合,在煙(yan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)統(tong)通(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)前(qian)確認吸收(shou)(shou)塔(ta)(ta)內(nei)部安裝(zhuang)及防腐工(gong)作完(wan)成(cheng),并(bing)且吸收(shou)(shou)塔(ta)(ta)內(nei)部的臨(lin)時(shi)設備及腳手架拆(chai)除完(wan)畢,人孔(kong)門(men)關閉。在通(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)結束后(hou)清理吹入吸收(shou)(shou)塔(ta)(ta)內(nei)的雜物,準備吸收(shou)(shou)塔(ta)(ta)進(jin)水。
3.3 吸收塔系統的冷態帶水調試
吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)塔系統(tong)(tong)主要包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)漿液(ye)循(xun)環泵(beng)(beng)組、氧化風機、石膏排出泵(beng)(beng)、懸(xuan)浮(fu)脈沖泵(beng)(beng)、除霧(wu)器噴淋、吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)塔入口事故噴淋系統(tong)(tong)等。帶水(shui)(shui)試運行前確認工藝水(shui)(shui)管(guan)路接通,吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)塔、地坑(keng)沖洗干(gan)凈(jing),吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)塔和煙風系統(tong)(tong)的熱工儀表(包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)CEMS)等全部安裝完畢, 然后(hou)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)塔進水(shui)(shui)至正常液(ye)位。
3.3.1 儀表校驗
此部分工(gong)作(zuo)包(bao)括吸收塔(ta)熱工(gong)儀表及出(chu)入口(kou)煙道的在(zai)線(xian)儀表的校驗、吸收塔(ta)所有閥門(men)傳動(dong)以及邏輯(ji)校核。
3.3.2 漿液循環泵的帶水試運行
吸收塔有3個噴(pen)淋層(ceng)(ceng),漿液(ye)(ye)循(xun)(xun)環泵(beng)(beng)組(zu)主要包(bao)括漿液(ye)(ye)循(xun)(xun)環泵(beng)(beng)、工(gong)藝水(shui)沖洗閥(fa)門、排(pai)放閥(fa)門、循(xun)(xun)環泵(beng)(beng)出口閥(fa)門等。首先對漿液(ye)(ye)循(xun)(xun)環泵(beng)(beng)進(jin)行(xing)8 h的試運(yun)行(xing),然(ran)后進(jin)行(xing)聯鎖(suo)保護試驗(yan)。同(tong)時檢查每個噴(pen)淋層(ceng)(ceng)的噴(pen)淋霧化情況。
3.3.3 吸收塔地坑系統
吸(xi)收塔(ta)地坑(keng)系統(tong)主要包括地坑(keng)泵、攪拌器、液(ye)位計以及(ji)閥門管(guan)道(dao)等,地坑(keng)泵管(guan)道(dao)連(lian)接吸(xi)收塔(ta)及(ji)事故漿液(ye)箱系統(tong)。對(dui)地坑(keng)泵進行帶(dai)水(shui)試運行及(ji)聯鎖邏輯檢查。
3.3.4 吸收塔懸浮脈沖泵的帶水試運行
吸(xi)(xi)收塔懸浮(fu)(fu)脈(mo)沖(chong)泵(beng)(beng)組一運(yun)一備,主要(yao)包括懸浮(fu)(fu)脈(mo)沖(chong)泵(beng)(beng)、閥門以(yi)及內部(bu)(bu)的(de)噴射管道,其功能是防止(zhi)漿液在吸(xi)(xi)收塔內部(bu)(bu)沉積(ji)。對吸(xi)(xi)收塔懸浮(fu)(fu)脈(mo)沖(chong)泵(beng)(beng)組帶水(shui)試運(yun)行以(yi)及聯(lian)鎖(suo)保護(hu)試驗,查看擾動效(xiao)果。
3.3.5 吸收塔氧化風機的帶水試運行
吸收塔(ta)氧化(hua)(hua)風(feng)機一運一備(bei),主要包括氧化(hua)(hua)風(feng)機、閥門工(gong)藝水冷卻(que)、塔(ta)內(nei)噴射管道(dao),其功(gong)能(neng)是(shi)使亞(ya)硫酸(suan)鈣氧化(hua)(hua)成二水石膏(gao)晶體。帶(dai)水檢查(cha)空氣與水的(de)混合效(xiao)(xiao)果、工(gong)藝水冷卻(que)效(xiao)(xiao)果以(yi)及進行聯(lian)鎖保護試驗(yan)。
3.3.6 事故噴淋系統的帶水試運行
由于本工(gong)程脫硫系(xi)統(tong)沒有旁路(lu),因此在吸(xi)收(shou)塔入口專設(she)事故(gu)噴(pen)淋(lin)(lin)(lin)系(xi)統(tong),主要包括事故(gu)噴(pen)淋(lin)(lin)(lin)罐(guan)(guan)、液位計及(ji)閥門等(deng)。噴(pen)淋(lin)(lin)(lin)罐(guan)(guan)高位布置,靠水的(de)自重力噴(pen)淋(lin)(lin)(lin),在噴(pen)淋(lin)(lin)(lin)罐(guan)(guan)存(cun)儲工(gong)藝水至(zhi)設(she)計液位后進行(xing)噴(pen)淋(lin)(lin)(lin)試驗,進入吸(xi)收(shou)塔入口界面(mian)檢(jian)查噴(pen)淋(lin)(lin)(lin)霧化(hua)效果(guo),并進行(xing)事故(gu)噴(pen)淋(lin)(lin)(lin)與機組(zu)之間的(de)聯鎖保護試驗。
3.3.7 石膏排出泵的帶水試運行
石(shi)膏排(pai)出泵(beng)(beng)組(zu)一(yi)運一(yi)備,主要包括(kuo)排(pai)出泵(beng)(beng)、閥(fa)門及(ji)管道等(deng),管道連(lian)接至(zhi)真(zhen)空皮帶脫(tuo)水系統及(ji)事(shi)故漿液箱,利用吸(xi)收塔的(de)(de)水進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)泵(beng)(beng)組(zu)的(de)(de)試運行(xing)(xing)(xing),檢查(cha)石(shi)膏旋流器(qi)的(de)(de)壓力是否滿(man)足設計要求,并(bing)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)相關(guan)的(de)(de)聯鎖保護(hu)試驗。
3.3.8 除霧器沖洗噴淋試驗
將(jiang)除(chu)(chu)霧(wu)器管道連接,管道沖(chong)洗干凈,進(jin)行(xing)除(chu)(chu)霧(wu)器噴(pen)淋(lin)沖(chong)洗試驗(yan),檢查沖(chong)洗覆蓋效果,并進(jin)行(xing)程控試驗(yan)。
3.3.9 進行其它與吸收塔帶水相關聯的試驗
由于吸收塔帶水,因此諸如事(shi)故(gu)漿(jiang)液返回泵(beng)(beng)(beng)、石(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)漿(jiang)液給料(liao)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)、石(shi)膏濾液水泵(beng)(beng)(beng)等的(de)管(guan)道連接(jie)后均應進(jin)行(xing)(xing)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)帶水試驗,進(jin)行(xing)(xing)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)壓力(li)檢(jian)查及與吸收塔連接(jie)的(de)管(guan)道嚴密性檢(jian)查。
4 熱態調試過程
本工(gong)程采(cai)用脫硫無旁路系(xi)(xi)統,調試進度與機(ji)組(zu)同步,因此(ci)鍋爐的試油槍(qiang)、油系(xi)(xi)統或等離子點火及鍋爐吹(chui)管前脫硫系(xi)(xi)統就(jiu)必須具(ju)備熱態(tai)(tai)運行的條件,因此(ci)機(ji)組(zu)熱態(tai)(tai)調試前如(ru)公用系(xi)(xi)統、吸(xi)收塔系(xi)(xi)統設備已具(ju)備運行條件,所有(you)相關(guan)的邏輯保護及聯鎖檢查(cha)完(wan)畢,等待機(ji)組(zu)啟動,具(ju)體過程如(ru)下。
(1) 由(you)于一(yi)期工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)脫(tuo)硫系統已(yi)先期投入(ru), 可以由(you)一(yi)期工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)事故漿液(ye)(ye)箱向(xiang)二期吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)塔(ta)提(ti)供石膏漿液(ye)(ye),作為吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)塔(ta)內(nei)的(de)石膏晶(jing)種(zhong)并加入(ru)一(yi)定比例石灰石漿液(ye)(ye),啟動懸浮脈沖擾(rao)動泵、氧(yang)化風機,并控(kong)制吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)塔(ta)液(ye)(ye)位在(zai)設計(ji)運行(xing)范圍內(nei)。
(2) 因機組在(zai)調試期間不可(ke)避免地(di)頻(pin)繁啟停,因此在(zai)鍋(guo)爐通(tong)風前應將電(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器全部(bu)投入,防止鍋(guo)爐內(nei)粉塵(chen)(chen)進入吸收(shou)塔漿(jiang)液使其活性降(jiang)低或失效,二次(ci)電(dian)壓控制在(zai)閃絡電(dian)壓以(yi)下,二次(ci)電(dian)流限流 400 mA運行,防止電(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器內(nei)部(bu)燃燒(shao)。
(3) 鍋爐煙(yan)(yan)風(feng)系統如果煙(yan)(yan)溫低于(yu)60℃,可進(jin)行通(tong)風(feng),如果煙(yan)(yan)溫高于(yu)60℃則(ze)吸收塔至少運行1臺漿液(ye)循環泵,防(fang)止吸收塔出口的(de)玻璃鋼(gang)煙(yan)(yan)道超溫。
(4) 傳(chuan)動脫硫系統和鍋(guo)爐側的(de)聯鎖保護邏(luo)輯, 主要(yao)是循環(huan)泵均停、煙氣超溫、事(shi)故(gu)噴淋(lin)系統等(deng)主要(yao)保護,確保鍋(guo)爐熱(re)態時吸(xi)收塔等(deng)設備不(bu)被損(sun)壞。
(5) 鍋爐點(dian)火(huo)后如(ru)(ru)在油槍(qiang)點(dian)火(huo)、等離子點(dian)火(huo)、蒸汽吹管(guan)等工況(kuang)時(shi),由于電除塵(chen)器在這些工況(kuang)下, 除塵(chen)效率較低,需經常檢查吸收(shou)塔(ta)漿(jiang)液(ye)(ye)顏(yan)色(se)及 pH,如(ru)(ru)果pH降低應(ying)及時(shi)加入石灰石漿(jiang)液(ye)(ye),如(ru)(ru)果漿(jiang)液(ye)(ye)顏(yan)色(se)變深(shen),需要對吸收(shou)塔(ta)漿(jiang)液(ye)(ye)排放置換。
(6) 在熱態運行(xing)時根據吸(xi)收塔入口的(de)煙氣 SO2 濃度(du)和鍋爐負荷,確定循環泵運行(xing)臺數,在運行(xing)期間如果鍋爐側出現MFT、RB等(deng)情況,吸(xi)收塔循環泵保(bao)持運行(xing),不(bu)受影響。
(7) 運行期間如(ru)果煙氣溫(wen)度(du)(du)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)設計溫(wen)度(du)(du), 吸收塔(ta)入口啟(qi)動事故噴(pen)淋系統,如(ru)果溫(wen)度(du)(du)達到(dao)超(chao)(chao)高溫(wen)度(du)(du)需(xu)要(yao)停(ting)爐以保(bao)護吸收塔(ta)。
(8) 運(yun)行期(qi)間如(ru)果在吸收塔3臺循環泵均跳閘的情(qing)況下,進行停爐(lu)保護。
(9) 原(yuan)邏輯設計在電除塵器電場全部跳閘或(huo)(huo)停(ting)一列通道的的情況下,鍋爐(lu)停(ting)爐(lu)以保護吸(xi)收塔, 由于發生(sheng)過(guo)非(fei)停(ting),后改為報(bao)警,根據實(shi)際粉(fen)塵濃度情況降(jiang)負荷或(huo)(huo)停(ting)爐(lu)。
5 調試期間出現的主要問題
5.1 向鍋爐側返濕氣問題
由于吸(xi)收塔沒有出入口的擋板,因此在(zai)冷態調試過程中在(zai)引風(feng)(feng)機未啟動、循環泵(beng)運行情況下(xia), 噴淋漿液(ye)從上(shang)而下(xia)形成(cheng)活塞效應,將吸(xi)收塔內氣體擠壓(ya)到煙(yan)道(dao)內,并進入引風(feng)(feng)機及(ji)電除塵器,造成(cheng)引風(feng)(feng)機和電除塵器內部產生凝結水,使灰(hui)斗積灰(hui)板結及(ji)腐蝕(shi)尾部煙(yan)道(dao)。
因此在調試及運行過程中,應盡量將循(xun)環(huan)泵和引(yin)風機的啟停時間間隔縮短(duan),避(bi)免濕(shi)氣過多(duo)進入煙(yan)道內。
5.2 鍋爐點火吹管期間的電除塵器效率問題
在調(diao)試初期點(dian)(dian)火過程中(zhong),由于油(you)槍(qiang)點(dian)(dian)火和等(deng)離子點(dian)(dian)火油(you)、煤用(yong)量少,煙(yan)氣的(de)(de)(de)含(han)硫量也(ye)少,所以只(zhi)(zhi)投入3個電(dian)場,吸收(shou)塔(ta)(ta)只(zhi)(zhi)投水噴(pen)淋(lin)。但在油(you)槍(qiang)點(dian)(dian)火試驗、等(deng)離子吹管等(deng)工(gong)況下對吸收(shou)塔(ta)(ta)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)水采樣分析,發現3電(dian)場效果不(bu)佳后5電(dian)場全(quan)部投入,但對沒有完全(quan)燃燒(shao)的(de)(de)(de)油(you)和煤粉清除(chu)效果還是(shi)不(bu)好,冷卻塔(ta)(ta)有黑煙(yan)冒出(chu),吸收(shou)塔(ta)(ta)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)噴(pen)淋(lin)水顏(yan)色(se)逐漸發深(shen)并且(qie)pH 也(ye)降低。因此在鍋爐(lu)點(dian)(dian)火期間(jian),采用(yong)連(lian)續置換吸收(shou)塔(ta)(ta)工(gong)藝水,保(bao)持吸收(shou)塔(ta)(ta)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝水干(gan)凈并維持一定的(de)(de)(de)pH。
在(zai)(zai)鍋爐(lu)蒸汽吹管期間,由于時間比較長,相對(dui)進入吸收(shou)塔的(de)煙氣SO2 相對(dui)較多,吸收(shou)塔內(nei)噴淋的(de)水吸收(shou)SO2 比較多, pH下降較快,因此必須在(zai)(zai)吸收(shou)塔內(nei)加入一定的(de)石(shi)灰石(shi)漿液維持塔的(de)pH大于5,漿液顏(yan)色(se)如(ru)果變深(shen),應連續更(geng)換漿液。
6 結語
通過對三河電廠二期工(gong)程3、4號(hao)爐采用的(de)(de)增壓風機和引風機合(he)二為一(yi)、無(wu)旁路、無(wu)GGH和“煙(yan)塔(ta)合(he)一(yi)”技術脫(tuo)硫系(xi)統的(de)(de)調(diao)試,將脫(tuo)硫吸收塔(ta)作為鍋爐煙(yan)風系(xi)統的(de)(de)一(yi)部(bu)分,鍋爐和脫(tuo)硫啟停(ting)步(bu)序(xu)結合(he),并(bing)設(she)計了特定的(de)(de)聯鎖保護(hu),避免(mian)因鍋爐和脫(tuo)硫發(fa)生故障(zhang)相互影(ying)響或損壞設(she)備(bei),為今(jin)后無(wu)旁路的(de)(de)機組調(diao)試、運行自主創新出(chu)一(yi)套獨特的(de)(de)啟停(ting)工(gong)序(xu)。
參考文獻
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[ 2 ] 傅文玲(ling),楊(yang)虹. 無GGH2FGD運行特性分析(xi)和(he)設計應(ying)注意(yi)的(de)問題. 電力(li)設備, 2006, (8).
[ 3 ] 李慶(qing),孫輝,張新(xin)亮,等. 電廠脫硫(liu)系統調試過(guo)程中遇(yu)到的若干(gan)問題( EB /OL ). [ 2007203217 ]. http: / /www. ds2 dne. org. cn /html/dianchang zhichuang/dianlijishu /guolu / 20070317 /1618. html.
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