摘要:由(you)Deutsch 公式(shi)可知，塵(chen)(chen)粒驅(qu)進(jin)(jin)速(su)度的(de)大小(xiao)直(zhi)接決定著(zhu)電(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率的(de)高(gao)(gao)低。從提(ti)高(gao)(gao)驅(qu)進(jin)(jin)速(su)度的(de)角度入手，通過分析(xi)影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率的(de)主要因素(su)與驅(qu)進(jin)(jin)速(su)度的(de)關(guan)系(xi)，得(de)出提(ti)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率的(de)方法(fa)，為設計合理、高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)、節能的(de)靜電(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)提(ti)供指導(dao)。

關鍵詞:驅進速度,電除塵(chen)器(qi),除塵(chen)效(xiao)率

0 引言

隨著我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)力工業的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，排(pai)放的(de)(de)(de)煤煙氣體對環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)污染程度越來越嚴(yan)重，對人類的(de)(de)(de)身體健康造(zao)成(cheng)極大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)害，可吸入(ru)顆粒物能夠導(dao)致肺病，細微顆粒可以(yi)進(jin)入(ru)人的(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)液循環，引起(qi)心血(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病。如(ru)何(he)實現(xian)(xian)對煙塵氣體高效率的(de)(de)(de)去除(chu)，實現(xian)(xian)經濟、社會(hui)和環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)協調(diao)發展(zhan)，是我們(men)現(xian)(xian)在面臨(lin)的(de)(de)(de)一項嚴(yan)峻考驗。2003 年新實施的(de)(de)(de)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)排(pai)放標(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)求將粉(fen)塵排(pai)放濃度控制到(dao)50 mg /m3［1］，使現(xian)(xian)在的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)大(da)(da)多(duo)(duo)數的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器難以(yi)達到(dao)新的(de)(de)(de)煙塵允許排(pai)放標(biao)準(zhun)。如(ru)何(he)提高除(chu)塵器的(de)(de)(de)除(chu)塵效率尤(you)其是細微顆粒的(de)(de)(de)捕集，是目前迫(po)切需(xu)要(yao)解決(jue)的(de)(de)(de)難題。影響驅進(jin)速度的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素很(hen)多(duo)(duo)［2］，據不完全統計(ji)，多(duo)(duo)達20 多(duo)(duo)種，其中主要(yao)有(you):粉(fen)塵比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、粉(fen)塵顆粒大(da)(da)小、操作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、離子風、有(you)效收塵面積和其他條件等。近年來，很(hen)多(duo)(duo)專家學者對除(chu)塵器的(de)(de)(de)參數進(jin)行了(le)大(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)研究，取(qu)得了(le)顯著的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)果。

1 提高驅進速度的最新研究進展

1. 1 改良電暈極

鄭雙(shuang)忠(zhong)［3］等人(ren)對寬間距長芒(mang)刺(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)優化實驗研究(jiu)，通過實驗確定(ding)寬間距長芒(mang)刺(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各項參數，并且(qie)運用(yong)最優化原理(li)從(cong)(cong)理(li)論上(shang)加(jia)以論證(zheng)。長芒(mang)刺(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)(ji)具有(you)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，長芒(mang)刺(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)(ji)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)強高(gao)于其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)強，芒(mang)刺(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)(ji)能產(chan)生較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)，能增加(jia)粒(li)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驅進速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度、助長粒(li)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)凝聚(ju)。很(hen)(hen)多研究(jiu)者(zhe)都討(tao)論了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)現象，但(dan)所給的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)結果(guo)(guo)相(xiang)差(cha)很(hen)(hen)大(da)(da)。Hends［4］指出(chu)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)(ji)附近，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)可高(gao)達 75 m / s，而(er)liang 和lin［5］卻(que)由(you)半經驗公式(shi)計算出(chu)圓形電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)極(ji)(ji)與平板(ban)接地間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平均風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)為(wei)1. 162 m / s。李慶［6］等采(cai)用(yong)了(le)在收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)分區布點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)測(ce)量離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)分布，測(ce)得風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)在1 m / s左右. 在相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)隨收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)距的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增大(da)(da)而(er)減小，且(qie)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)距越(yue)(yue)小，風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)特性曲線(xian)越(yue)(yue)陡;正對應著放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)線(xian)，測(ce)得離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)較(jiao)大(da)(da)，距離(li)(li)(li)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)線(xian)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)遠，離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)逐漸減小。K. S. P. Nikas 等［7］在實驗室模擬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)內部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流動和收(shou)集機制，由(you)于放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)以及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)供應方式(shi)不同產(chan)生離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)，分析表(biao)明(ming)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)對氣流和橫向輸運率產(chan)生顯著影(ying)響(xiang)，尤其是(shi)對粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)小微(wei)粒(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)從(cong)(cong)而(er)直(zhi)接影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效率。離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣流使(shi)氣流方向由(you)單向流動變成向四面八方擴散，在超出(chu)收(shou)集板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊(bian)界后仍能保持高(gao)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非均勻分布，從(cong)(cong)而(er)有(you)利(li)于對小粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)顆粒(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)集，模擬結果(guo)(guo)表(biao)明(ming)，如(ru)果(guo)(guo)忽視(shi)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效率將由(you)99. 95% 下降到(dao)99. 65%。但(dan)是(shi)到(dao)目前為(wei)止關(guan)于離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)只(zhi)有(you)理(li)論分析而(er)無法測(ce)出(chu)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小，關(guan)于離(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)區較(jiao)遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)大(da)(da)小缺(que)乏確切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)描述，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)測(ce)定(ding)方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)成為(wei)制約性因(yin)素。

1. 2 改進電場結構

在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)單區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器中［8］，粒(li)子的(de)(de)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和捕集(ji)都在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一個區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)完成(cheng)，而雙區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)粒(li)子荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)和收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)是分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)開的(de)(de)。前(qian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)安(an)裝(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈極(ji)，粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)此區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，后(hou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)安(an)裝(zhuang)收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)，粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)此區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)被(bei)捕集(ji)。雙區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)技術(shu)是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)末電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)中，將(jiang)單一的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，并(bing)用不同的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。根據(ju)需要(yao)，有所區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)別地(di)(di)(di)向(xiang)這兩個區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)供(gong)應(ying)適宜的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)強化(hua)其(qi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)功能［9］。荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)主要(yao)是對粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)進行荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)同時(shi)又(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)陽極(ji)板上(shang)收(shou)(shou)集(ji)帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)則使顆粒(li)從煙(yan)氣中分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離，將(jiang)絕大部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)顆粒(li)吸附(fu)到收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)板上(shang);同一些帶(dai)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)顆粒(li)吸附(fu)至(zhi)其(qi)陰極(ji)( 又(you)稱輔助電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji))。雙區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)由于(yu)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)開后(hou)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)可以(yi)比(bi)較靈活地(di)(di)(di)調整電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，通過(guo)減(jian)小極(ji)間距，可以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)較低(di)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下能使塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)(di)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，運(yun)(yun)行也更安(an)全。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，可大大地(di)(di)(di)提高(gao)(gao)收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)均(jun)勻性，有利(li)于(yu)提高(gao)(gao)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率。章榮發(fa)［10］對雙區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)對粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)驅進速(su)度(du)的(de)(de)提高(gao)(gao)系數研究(jiu)表明，為防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器發(fa)生反電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈問(wen)題并(bing)提高(gao)(gao)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)末電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)采用雙區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)結構(gou)，將(jiang)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)過(guo)程及其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)開，使兩個區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣運(yun)(yun)行參數分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別達到最佳(jia)化(hua)。通過(guo)實驗研究(jiu)表明，與傳統臥式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器相(xiang)比(bi)，雙區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)可使粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)平均(jun)驅進速(su)度(du)提高(gao)(gao)20% 左(zuo)右;除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率則隨(sui)之上(shang)升，并(bing)將(jiang)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)排放濃度(du)降低(di)到50 mg /m3 以(yi)下。

1. 3 改良供電電源和供電方式

靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)也是提高(gao)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)驅進速(su)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要方(fang)面(mian)，提高(gao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)水平可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)(zai)節能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，有效(xiao)收集高(gao)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)，提高(gao)除塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)。傳統(tong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式為(wei)直流(liu)(liu)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)動，現在(zai)(zai)(zai)常(chang)采用與常(chang)規(gui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)頻變換(huan)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、間歇供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術來(lai)(lai)改變粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)(te)性。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器采用脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制方(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是為(wei)了克服和抑(yi)制反電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈現象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)實質是在(zai)(zai)(zai)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)基礎電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)疊加一個具有一定重復(fu)頻率(lv)、寬度很(hen)窄而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)峰值又很(hen)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)［11］。脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是在(zai)(zai)(zai)很(hen)短的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間內在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極上(shang)施(shi)加快(kuai)速(su)上(shang)升的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)，提高(gao)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，所以施(shi)加在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)峰值電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)比常(chang)規(gui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)一般(ban)高(gao) 1. 5 倍(bei)～ 4 倍(bei);脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，陰極具有非常(chang)均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈分布和很(hen)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力，從而(er)提高(gao)了粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)概率(lv);可(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)峰值電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)基本不變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)下，通過(guo)改變脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)重復(fu)概率(lv)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)范圍內選擇(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，因此，對粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)性質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化有良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適應性，有利于克服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈現象(xiang)，可(ke)以明(ming)顯降低(di)運(yun)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，節能(neng)效(xiao)果顯著;當(dang)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)阻(zu)率(lv)高(gao)于1012 Ω·cm 時，除塵(chen)(chen)與節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)果更加明(ming)顯。脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這些特(te)(te)點使其在(zai)(zai)(zai)當(dang)今世界范圍內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍋爐(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器應用領域獲得(de)越(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視。

Masuda［12］，王(wang)海寧等(deng)人［13］分別(bie)用(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)窄脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法，對煙(yan)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)同極(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)離(li)子(zi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)凝聚，增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)了(le)煙(yan)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量及粒(li)(li)徑，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)了(le)煙(yan)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)凝聚性(xing)(xing)能，改(gai)善(shan)(shan)了(le)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈問題，使捕集(ji)高(gao)(gao)(gao)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻煙(yan)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)有(you)所(suo)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)。2003 年(nian)Mantegna 等(deng)人［14］、2004 年(nian)Ahmadi 等(deng)人［15］分別(bie)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)流體(ti)動(dong)力學研究。實驗結果(guo)表明，交變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場對異極(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)離(li)子(zi)具有(you)較強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)凝聚作(zuo)用(yong)，無火花(hua)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)峰值(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，可提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)(li)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，從(cong)而使粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)(li)子(zi)獲得更大(da)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)動(dong)速(su)度(du)(du)，達(da)到(dao)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)收塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。交變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)改(gai)善(shan)(shan)了(le)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)，特別(bie)是對微小粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)收集(ji)性(xing)(xing)能。2007 年(nian)浙(zhe)江大(da)學的(de)(de)(de)Rui Xie［16］等(deng)運(yun)用(yong)諧振(zhen)技術，變壓(ya)(ya)技術和磁(ci)技術研究出一種短時(shi)間內(nei)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，降低能源(yuan)(yuan)損耗的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。通過實驗計算(suan)得到(dao)該脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)4 kV，功(gong)率(lv)在(zai)10 kHz時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)能夠有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)。脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)能夠提(ti)(ti)供一個壓(ya)(ya)縮的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)波形，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)峰值(zhi)(zhi)比常(chang)規電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)要高(gao)(gao)(gao)許多，能夠滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)需求，所(suo)以(yi)用(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要比常(chang)規高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)要好很多。高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使極(ji)(ji)板間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場強(qiang)度(du)(du)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)，使極(ji)(ji)板間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流密(mi)度(du)(du)分布(bu)均勻性(xing)(xing)趨好，改(gai)善(shan)(shan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)狀況(kuang)，有(you)效(xiao)抑(yi)制反(fan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，增(zeng)(zeng)加塵(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)驅進(jin)速(su)度(du)(du)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)。

1. 4 縱橫復合式橫向極板除塵器

傳(chuan)統(tong)電(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)收塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)與氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)進入方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)平行，氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)驅進速(su)度僅由(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)慣(guan)性(xing)力(li)決定(ding)，為了(le)(le)達(da)到(dao)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率，需(xu)要增(zeng)加電(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)長度，浪費了(le)(le)大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)材(cai)。而(er)橫向(xiang)(xiang)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)電(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)是(shi)一種新型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)，收塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)與氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)運動方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)垂直，使電(dian)場力(li)和慣(guan)性(xing)力(li)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)一致，氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)驅進速(su)度由(you)(you)電(dian)場力(li)和慣(guan)性(xing)力(li)共同決定(ding)，增(zeng)大(da)了(le)(le)驅進速(su)度，提高了(le)(le)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率，改善(shan)電(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)性(xing)能，減(jian)少了(le)(le)資源的(de)(de)(de)浪費。同時極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)橫向(xiang)(xiang)布置還可以起到(dao)勻化氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)分布的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。由(you)(you)于這(zhe)項技術在流(liu)場方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)，提高離子的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)濃度等方(fang)面技術尚不成熟，因(yin)而(er)需(xu)要進一步研究。

橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)電除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)在(zai)(zai)國內已經(jing)有了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu): 西(xi)安熱(re)工(gong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)院已經(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)電除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)進(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，并積(ji)累了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗，并就(jiu)其發(fa)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)折角槽板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)電除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)申請了(le)(le)(le)國家專(zhuan)利(li)［17］。專(zhuan)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構特(te)點是(shi)(shi)改常規電除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)中(zhong)收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)氣體流(liu)入方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)平(ping)(ping)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布置(zhi)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)，代之以(yi)(yi)將(jiang)具有一(yi)定(ding)角度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)若干塊槽型收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)錯列橫(heng)置(zhi)于工(gong)作(zuo)室內，使(shi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)內電場方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)與(yu)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)氣體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)入方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)基本(ben)一(yi)致。在(zai)(zai)收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)面(mian)積(ji)不增加和氣體流(liu)速(su)(su)不降低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，可有效(xiao)(xiao)地提高整(zheng)個設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)。南方冶金(jin)學院的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鄒(zou)永平(ping)(ping)、張(zhang)谷貽等(deng)［18 － 19］對(dui)(dui)(dui)影響(xiang)(xiang)收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾個因素進(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)多因素正交實驗，據此得出了(le)(le)(le)最佳極(ji)線是(shi)(shi)RS 管狀(zhuang)芒刺線，極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)為槽形(xing)(xing)凹向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)風(feng)(feng)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)，還有配置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參數，并且還對(dui)(dui)(dui)異極(ji)間距(ju)、線異比(bi)、隙寬(kuan)比(bi)、平(ping)(ping)均(jun)場強、電場平(ping)(ping)均(jun)風(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)、電場單(dan)元(yuan)數等(deng)六個因素進(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)單(dan)因素實驗，對(dui)(dui)(dui)電除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)機理以(yi)(yi)及(ji)影響(xiang)(xiang)收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素進(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)Deutsch 效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)公式(shi)進(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)修正。它們還通過對(dui)(dui)(dui)粒子驅(qu)進(jin)速(su)(su)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，得出了(le)(le)(le)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)電收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)中(zhong)粒子驅(qu)進(jin)速(su)(su)度(du)與(yu)收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上平(ping)(ping)均(jun)電暈(yun)功率(lv)(lv)密度(du)、極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)間距(ju)、平(ping)(ping)均(jun)電場風(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)、收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)面(mian)積(ji)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系。鄔長(chang)福、周永安［20 － 21］對(dui)(dui)(dui)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)電除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)性進(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，認為在(zai)(zai)同(tong)一(yi)條件下，相比(bi)常規電除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)，橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)電除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)具有氣流(liu)均(jun)布性好(hao)，運行風(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)大，體積(ji)小，收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)高等(deng)特(te)性;還對(dui)(dui)(dui)收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)作(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，得出收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)，認為C 型板(ban)(ban)(ban)是(shi)(shi)最佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)。

從高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)壓非(fei)平(ping)衡等(deng)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)物理及氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)放電(dian)物理學的(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度分(fen)析，目(mu)前(qian)靜電(dian)除塵(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)除塵(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)仍(reng)然不(bu)高(gao)(gao)或不(bu)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本原因在于除塵(chen)器荷電(dian)區內的(de)(de)(de)(de)粒子(zi)(zi)(zi)部分(fen)仍(reng)被束縛(fu)。在電(dian)場中發生復合反應及出現過(guo)早沉積(ji)現象，導致輸(shu)(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)濃度較(jiao)低(di)，輸(shu)(shu)運(yun)(yun)率(lv)不(bu)高(gao)(gao)( 離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)密(mi)度僅為(wei)100 / cm3 左右) ，從而使粉(fen)塵(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)凝(ning)并(bing)沉降過(guo)程受到影響，這也是(shi)造成目(mu)前(qian)靜電(dian)收塵(chen)器體(ti)(ti)積(ji)大、質量(liang)重(zhong)、投資高(gao)(gao)及后級電(dian)場中細微(wei)粉(fen)塵(chen)捕集率(lv)低(di)等(deng)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本原因。針對(dui)目(mu)前(qian)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)輸(shu)(shu)運(yun)(yun)率(lv)不(bu)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，研究了除塵(chen)器內多種參數(shu)對(dui)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)輸(shu)(shu)運(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，提出進一步(bu)提高(gao)(gao)帶(dai)電(dian)粒子(zi)(zi)(zi)密(mi)度，促進離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)輸(shu)(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)可行的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)，降低(di)因振(zhen)打引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)二次揚塵(chen)。

依成(cheng)武(wu)、吳春篤等(deng)［22］研究的(de)高(gao)風速(su)橫向(xiang)極板(ban)電(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)技(ji)術，如圖(tu)1 所示把(ba)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極板(ban)從順氣(qi)(qi)流方(fang)向(xiang)排(pai)列(lie)改成(cheng)迎(ying)氣(qi)(qi)流方(fang)向(xiang)，此時在邊界(jie)層(ceng)內(nei)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)向(xiang)集(ji)(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極板(ban)上運(yun)(yun)動速(su)度(du)(du)是風速(su)與驅進速(su)度(du)(du)的(de)代數和(he)，極大(da)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)向(xiang)集(ji)(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極運(yun)(yun)動的(de)速(su)度(du)(du)，從而提(ti)高(gao)了(le)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)(xiao)果。采用雙C 型集(ji)(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極板(ban)，并按迎(ying)風方(fang)式(shi)排(pai)列(lie)可能(neng)在短時間內(nei)以(yi)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)流速(su)度(du)(du)把(ba)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)驅趕到(dao)集(ji)(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極表面加以(yi)捕集(ji)(ji)，成(cheng)倍減(jian)少(shao)了(le)ESP 截面積(ji)和(he)長度(du)(du)，體積(ji)較(jiao)常(chang)規 ESP 成(cheng)倍減(jian)少(shao)，實現了(le)ESP 小型化。潘玉良［23］，吳立(li)群運(yun)(yun)用了(le)機械(xie)動力(li)學(xue)(xue)、流體力(li)學(xue)(xue)、靜(jing)電(dian)場力(li)學(xue)(xue)原理在 Ω － 2C 型收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)板(ban)的(de)基礎上提(ti)出了(le)一(yi)種新的(de)迎(ying)風型靜(jing)電(dian)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)板(ban)結(jie)構－ ω 型靜(jing)電(dian)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)板(ban)。使(shi)氣(qi)(qi)流的(de)速(su)度(du)(du)在一(yi)定范(fan)圍內(nei)促(cu)進了(le)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)驅進速(su)度(du)(du)的(de)提(ti)高(gao)。

2 新式結構提出

如圖2 所(suo)示，本文作(zuo)者也采用與(yu)氣流(liu)(liu)(liu)方向垂直(zhi)布置的(de)(de)(de)(de)收塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)。但(dan)與(yu)現(xian)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)向極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)是，將放(fang)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)設置在迎(ying)氣流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)間隙(xi)出(chu)口端［24］。由于(yu)(yu)間隙(xi)出(chu)口端風壓(ya)很(hen)(hen)大，使(shi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣流(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)速(su)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)達(da) 5 ～ 20 m / s，大大增(zeng)加了(le)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)粒(li)子動能，能使(shi)離(li)(li)(li)子有(you)效擺脫(tuo)電(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)束(shu)縛(fu)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)而提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)了(le)離(li)(li)(li)子輸運率(lv)，離(li)(li)(li)子密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)從(cong)目(mu)前106 ～ 107 / cm3 提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)到(dao)108 ～ 109 / cm3 ，可(ke)使(shi)目(mu)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)煙塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)驅進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)從(cong)3 ～ 20 cm / s 提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)到(dao)20 ～ 200 cm / s. 同時，解放(fang)受電(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)限制，電(dian)(dian)場中的(de)(de)(de)(de)庫倫力(li)幾乎(hu)處于(yu)(yu)臨界值，塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)驅進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)只能在很(hen)(hen)小范(fan)圍內(nei)得到(dao)改善的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。采用橫(heng)向極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)，使(shi)煙氣流(liu)(liu)(liu)速(su)成為增(zeng)加煙塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)有(you)效驅進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)利因素。這種方法通過提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)粒(li)子動量(liang)方法解決電(dian)(dian)收塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器離(li)(li)(li)子輸運率(lv)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，從(cong)而提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)離(li)(li)(li)子密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)而增(zeng)加煙塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)粒(li)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)，解決常(chang)規電(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)捕集(ji)微細煙塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率(lv)低(di)，一次投(tou)資高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，體(ti)積龐(pang)大以及剛材(cai)用量(liang)過多的(de)(de)(de)(de)等問題(ti)。

3 結語

驅進速度是除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率的關鍵參數，也(ye)是提高除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率最有效(xiao)的途(tu)徑(jing)。本文介紹(shao)了近年(nian)來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的最新(xin)研究進展，對(dui)影響(xiang)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極結構，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場結構，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式等因(yin)素進行了探討(tao)，提出未(wei)來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的發展方向，改變目前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率低的現(xian)狀，為(wei)研究新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)提供(gong)理論指(zhi)導。

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