談聚乙烯交聯材料的隔聲減振效果
隨(sui)(sui)著我國經(jing)濟建(jian)(jian)設的(de)持續快速(su)發(fa)展(zhan),人民的(de)物質生(sheng)活(huo)水平相應提(ti)高,對文(wen)化生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)也隨(sui)(sui)之(zhi)增長,雖(sui)然受(shou)到國際(ji)金融危機(ji)的(de)影(ying)響,但國內擴大內需(xu)(xu)拉(la)動(dong)(dong)(dong)經(jing)濟,基礎建(jian)(jian)設項目(mu)投資(zi)力(li)度加(jia)大,加(jia)上全國性和地區性的(de)文(wen)化、體(ti)育活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、各(ge)種會(hui)議(yi)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)絡(luo)繹不斷,各(ge)種公共、民用(yong)建(jian)(jian)筑對噪聲(sheng)控制要求(qiu)較高,為此,大中城市正在興建(jian)(jian)許多(duo)劇院、文(wen)化藝術中心、科技文(wen)化中心、體(ti)育中心、會(hui)議(yi)中心、電影(ying)城等建(jian)(jian)設工程,還有錄(lu)音室(shi)、播(bo)音室(shi)、機(ji)房、迪廳、武術館(guan)、KTV娛樂中心、學(xue)校(xiao)、醫院等裝飾越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多(duo),隨(sui)(sui)著經(jing)濟的(de)發(fa)展(zhan),工業、交通、施工、生(sheng)活(huo)等噪聲(sheng)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)高,形成了噪聲(sheng)污染(ran),成為社會(hui)“三大公害”之(zhi)一,引起各(ge)方面的(de)高度重視(shi),而聲(sheng)學(xue)技術和聲(sheng)學(xue)材料(liao)得到了快速(su)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan),聲(sheng)學(xue)材料(liao)市場(chang)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)大,附加(jia)值(zhi)較高,前景非常(chang)廣闊。
1 綜 述
擠塑聚乙烯發泡材是一(yi)種閉孔環保節(jie)能材,即(隔聲、減振、保溫、防(fang)水)為一(yi)體的新(xin)型材料。
產品的特性是:
(1) 擠塑聚乙烯發泡材(cai)具有閉孔獨立的氣泡結(jie)構,吸水(shui)率低,僅為0.04mg/cm2導熱(re)系數為0.038w/(m.k),產(chan)品密度小(xiao),僅為500g/m2質(zhi)量輕,施工(gong)難度小(xiao);
(2) 產(chan)品主要成分是聚乙烯,可以采(cai)用熱(re)熔焊接,有效避免了聲橋(qiao)的產(chan)生(sheng);
(3) 具有良好(hao)的力(li)學性能、通(tong)過交聯(lian)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提(ti)高(gao)了產品物理機械性能和耐老化性能,抗張強(qiang)(qiang)度,撕裂強(qiang)(qiang)度大(da)(da),壓(ya)縮強(qiang)(qiang)度高(gao),永久變形小(xiao),回彈性優,自補性強(qiang)(qiang),可(ke)有效(xiao)防(fang)止施工中隔聲材料被刺破而影響效(xiao)果;
(4) 產品為連續(xu)卷(juan)材,可根據(ju)施工需要,裁(cai)成(cheng)所需規格(ge),大(da)大(da)降低了施工中材料消耗,也有效減(jian)少(shao)了施工中的接縫;
(5) 產品具有優(you)良的耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)、耐(nai)化學藥品性(xing)、無毒(du)、無味環保節(jie)能、可回收(shou)再利用(yong);
(6) 產品可根據客戶要(yao)求(qiu)和(he)不同用(yong)途(tu)進行不同密度(du)、長度(du)、寬度(du)、厚度(du)的后續加工。
隔(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)減(jian)(jian)振(zhen)主要是(shi)(shi)通過兩(liang)個途徑:一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)吸(xi)收(shou)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)的(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang),使(shi)它不能(neng)(neng)反射(she)或傳遞(di),聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)是(shi)(shi)縱波(bo),與沖擊(ji)波(bo)很相似,當聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)到(dao)達(da)泡(pao)(pao)體(ti)壁時,泡(pao)(pao)體(ti)將受到(dao)的(de)沖擊(ji)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)通過對泡(pao)(pao)體(ti)中(zhong)氣體(ti)的(de)壓縮和(he)(he)滯留,使(shi)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)消耗和(he)(he)散(san)逸,以達(da)到(dao)吸(xi)收(shou)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)的(de)目的(de);另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)消除(chu)或減(jian)(jian)少(shao)泡(pao)(pao)體(ti)由于受到(dao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)沖擊(ji)而引(yin)起的(de)共(gong)振(zhen)產生的(de)噪聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。目前大(da)多(duo)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)樓(lou)板(ban)(ban)采(cai)用鋼筋混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)上鋪各類(lei)面(mian)層(ceng)、其(qi)撞(zhuang)擊(ji)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)般均大(da)于75dB,達(da)不到(dao)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要求的(de)底限≤75dB要求,為了滿足(zu)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)要求,我(wo)公司和(he)(he)國(guo)內外知名大(da)學專家、聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學科研單位保(bao)持(chi)密切(qie)合作(zuo)、開(kai)發研制的(de)擠塑交(jiao)聯聚乙(yi)烯發泡(pao)(pao)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)減(jian)(jian)振(zhen)材、設(she)計(ji)厚度為11mm,該墊(dian)層(ceng)由三層(ceng)擠塑化(hua)(hua)學交(jiao)聯聚乙(yi)烯(厚3mm容重(zhong)50kg/m3厚5mm容重(zhong)30kg/m3厚3mm容重(zhong)50kg/m3》。依據(ju)GBJ75-84《建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)測量(liang)(liang)規(gui)范》經清(qing)華大(da)學建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)環境檢測中(zhong)心(xin)檢測,檢測結(jie)論(lun):減(jian)(jian)振(zhen)效(xiao)果撞(zhuang)擊(ji)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓級(ji)(ji)為Lpn,w=78dB的(de)100mm鋼筋混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)樓(lou)板(ban)(ban)上,鋪裝(zhuang)該減(jian)(jian)振(zhen)墊(dian)層(ceng)及40mm厚混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)配筋形成的(de)浮筑(zhu)樓(lou)板(ban)(ban),經撞(zhuang)擊(ji)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)檢測,計(ji)權規(gui)范化(hua)(hua)撞(zhuang)擊(ji)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓級(ji)(ji)為Lpn,w=58dB,撞(zhuang)擊(ji)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)改善量(liang)(liang)為△Lpn,w=20dB。依據(ju)GBJ118-88《民用建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)設(she)計(ji)規(gui)范》中(zhong)的(de)樓(lou)板(ban)(ban)撞(zhuang)擊(ji)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)標(biao)準等(deng)級(ji)(ji)劃分:計(ji)權標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)撞(zhuang)擊(ji)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓級(ji)(ji)(dB)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)≤65,二(er)級(ji)(ji)/三級(ji)(ji)≤75。該減(jian)(jian)振(zhen)系(xi)統(tong)撞(zhuang)擊(ji)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性能(neng)(neng)達(da)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)標(biao)準。并(bing)廣泛(fan)應(ying)用到(dao)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)、裝(zhuang)飾領(ling)域和(he)(he)設(she)備減(jian)(jian)振(zhen)領(ling)域(主要工程:國(guo)家大(da)劇院、福(fu)建(jian)(jian)大(da)劇、重(zhong)慶(qing)大(da)劇院、婦女聯合會博物館(guan)、鄂(e)爾多(duo)斯(si)博物館(guan)、天津電視(shi)臺等(deng))并(bing)出口到(dao)韓國(guo)、日(ri)本、美(mei)國(guo)、俄羅斯(si)等(deng)國(guo),得到(dao)了國(guo)內外客(ke)戶的(de)一(yi)(yi)致好評(ping)和(he)(he)認可。
施工方法:
(1) 在(zai)隔聲材料施工前,要清理(li)地面,盡量避免地面上的雜物對隔聲材造(zao)成(cheng)損害;
(2) 隔聲(sheng)材(cai)料(liao)要預先做好修邊(bian)處理,如有缺(que)陷要用刀剪切齊;接(jie)縫用熱風(feng)槍進行焊(han)接(jie),并用鋁(lv)箔專用膠帶(dai)150mm寬封嚴;
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(3) 四周與墻交界處(chu)隔(ge)聲(sheng)材料要(yao)將上(shang)層的混凝土(tu)墊層與墻體隔(ge)開,以(yi)保(bao)持良好(hao)的隔(ge)聲(sheng)效果(guo);
(4)鋪(pu)好隔聲材后,上面可鋪(pu)設(she)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)墊層,混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)墊層不得少于35mm;
(5)遇樓梯踏(ta)(ta)步(bu)時,只需在踏(ta)(ta)步(bu)水平(ping)面鋪設隔聲材(cai)料;
(6)當房間面積超過6㎡時,混凝土墊層內須依據地面承載做配筋處理。

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