摘要：闡述了膜生物(wu)反(fan)應(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(MBR)的(de)分類及原(yuan)理，總結出膜生物(wu)反(fan)應(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)較(jiao)傳統的(de)活性(xing)污泥(ni)系統所具有的(de)特點，重點介紹了膜生物(wu)反(fan)應(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在生活污水(shui)處理領(ling)域的(de)應(ying)用，從而達到較(jiao)高的(de)去除效果(guo)。

關鍵詞：生活污水(shui)處理，膜生物(wu)反(fan)應器(MBR)，污水(shui)回用，膜污染

1 膜生物(wu)反應器的(de)原理及(ji)分類

膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)是由(you)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)組件(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)組成(cheng)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)降(jiang)(jiang)解的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)場所(suo)，而膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)組件(jian)(jian)(jian)往(wang)往(wang)會(hui)根(gen)據(ju)水處理(li)(li)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)而選用(yong)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)類(lei)型的(de)(de)(de)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。各種膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)差異都源于這兩(liang)(liang)(liang)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)組合類(lei)型及方式(shi)(shi)。根(gen)據(ju)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)組件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一般分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)3類(lei)：1)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)于固(gu)體的(de)(de)(de)截(jie)留與(yu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)(li)；2)無泡曝(pu)氣膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)于高濃度有(you)機廢(fei)水的(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li)；3)萃取膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，一般用(yong)于處理(li)(li)工業廢(fei)水中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)優先污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。其中(zhong)以(yi)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)最為(wei)廣泛，通常所(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也主(zhu)要(yao)指該技術。按照膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)組件(jian)(jian)(jian)與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)合方式(shi)(shi)，膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)一體式(shi)(shi)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)(li)式(shi)(shi)和(he)隔離(li)(li)(li)式(shi)(shi)三類(lei)。一體式(shi)(shi)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是將(jiang)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)組件(jian)(jian)(jian)浸沒在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，有(you)機污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)進行(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)降(jiang)(jiang)解，水則通過(guo)負壓抽吸從(cong)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)組件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)外側(ce)進入(ru)中(zhong)空(kong)纖維(wei)再引出；有(you)時也將(jiang)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)單元(yuan)安(an)置在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)池的(de)(de)(de)出水端用(yong)來(lai)代替(ti)二沉池。分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)(li)式(shi)(shi)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)則是將(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與(yu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)單元(yuan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)開(kai)設置，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)者之間(jian)通過(guo)泵和(he)管(guan)道連接。隔離(li)(li)(li)式(shi)(shi)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是將(jiang)污(wu)水和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通過(guo)選擇性膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)隔開(kai)，只允許目(mu)標污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)透過(guo)該膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)進入(ru)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)降(jiang)(jiang)解。按照生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長需(xu)氧(yang)情(qing)況，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)好氧(yang)和(he)厭(yan)氧(yang)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)大類(lei)，好氧(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)細分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)活(huo)性污(wu)泥法(fa)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)法(fa)，厭(yan)氧(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)又可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)流化床法(fa)、UASB法(fa)、固(gu)定床法(fa)、接觸氧(yang)化法(fa)和(he)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)相法(fa)等。按照膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)組件(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)孔(kong)徑的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)納(na)濾(NF)、超(chao)濾(UF)和(he)微濾(MF)；按膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)材料的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)有(you)機膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)與(yu)無機膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)；按膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)形狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)平板膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、管(guan)式(shi)(shi)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)中(zhong)空(kong)纖維(wei)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。

  使用微信“掃一掃”功能添加“谷騰環保網”

相關文章