1　工程概況

勝利油田供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)公司辛安水(shui)(shui)廠設計(ji)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)能力(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)15×104m³/d，近幾年實際供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)7×104m³/d左右。該廠共有3座(zuo)虹吸(xi)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)，單座(zuo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)設計(ji)處理規(gui)模(mo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)5×104m³/d，每座(zuo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)12格，單格面積(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)27. 5 m²；原設計(ji)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)速為(wei)(wei)(wei)7 m/h，反沖洗強度為(wei)(wei)(wei)15 L/(m²•s)；濾(lv)(lv)(lv)床底部采用小阻(zu)力(li)穿(chuan)孔板(ban)加(jia)設20目和(he)40目尼(ni)龍網各一層(ceng)，穿(chuan)孔板(ban)上布有Φ10喇(la)叭(ba)形小孔，開(kai)孔率為(wei)(wei)(wei)1. 28%；承托層(ceng)厚(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)250 mm，采用粒徑為(wei)(wei)(wei)2~16 mm的多層(ceng)級配礫石；濾(lv)(lv)(lv)料層(ceng)使(shi)用粒徑為(wei)(wei)(wei)0. 8~1. 2mm的石英砂，厚(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)700mm。在(zai)使(shi)用過(guo)程中存(cun)在(zai)反沖洗布水(shui)(shui)不均、效果差(cha)、出水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)差(cha)等問題，難以適應原水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)惡化、供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)量變化系數大(da)、水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)標(biao)準越來越高等狀況。

辛安(an)(an)(an)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)廠首先對一座虹(hong)吸濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)進行了技術改造。改造盡量利用原(yuan)有主體構筑物，將每2格濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)合并為1格濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)(原(yuan)12格濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)合并為6格濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi))，中間隔墻(qiang)在上(shang)(shang)(shang)部渾水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區和(he)(he)下部清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區分別進行開孔連通，隔墻(qiang)兩旁設置雙層(ceng)(ceng)渠道(dao)，下層(ceng)(ceng)為濾(lv)(lv)后出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、反沖(chong)洗(xi)進氣進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總渠，上(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)為反沖(chong)洗(xi)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠，單池(chi)(chi)過濾(lv)(lv)面積為46. 4 m²。對虹(hong)吸濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)反沖(chong)洗(xi)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)堰口(kou)矮墻(qiang)予(yu)以加高封(feng)閉，使原(yuan)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠上(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)成為管廊，安(an)(an)(an)放(fang)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管件(jian)與控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)等(deng)，下層(ceng)(ceng)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠繼續(xu)利用，采用閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)代替原(yuan)進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)反沖(chong)洗(xi)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)虹(hong)吸控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。重新(xin)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)反沖(chong)洗(xi)配(pei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、配(pei)氣等(deng)管線及控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)。新(xin)建(jian)反沖(chong)洗(xi)泵房(fang)(fang)及風機房(fang)(fang)一座，安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)反沖(chong)洗(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵和(he)(he)鼓風機等(deng)設備。控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)采用氣動(dong)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)，安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)PLC等(deng)自控設備，實現全自動(dong)監測與控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

2　技(ji)術改造要點

①　改用(yong)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)頭(tou)、濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)板(ban)及(ji)單層均(jun)質(zhi)石英砂濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)層清除原(yuan)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)，拆除原(yuan)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽、濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)板(ban)、濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)。將原(yuan)池(chi)底加高(gao)500 mm，在(zai)(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)內沿(yan)原(yuan)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)方向做(zuo)5道高(gao)1 200 mm、寬120 mm的(de)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(靠池(chi)壁的(de)兩(liang)道寬60mm)，濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)頂面達到水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)，并保(bao)(bao)證預埋錨固(gu)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)板(ban)用(yong)的(de)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼件定(ding)位準(zhun)確，濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)內配(pei)筋與池(chi)底筋接牢，池(chi)中間(jian)的(de)每(mei)條濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)頂面預留(liu)均(jun)勻分布(bu)的(de)配(pei)氣(qi)平(ping)衡孔(kong)(140 mm×5 mm)4個(ge)，確保(bao)(bao)反沖(chong)洗配(pei)氣(qi)均(jun)勻，濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)下部開(kai)孔(kong)(800 mm×800 mm)2個(ge)，使配(pei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)室貫通，確保(bao)(bao)反沖(chong)洗配(pei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)均(jun)勻。在(zai)(zai)每(mei)格濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)內安裝940 mm×993 mm×100 mm的(de)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)板(ban)48塊，找平(ping)后用(yong)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼壓板(ban)固(gu)定(ding)，濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)板(ban)間(jian)嵌(qian)縫(feng)采(cai)用(yong)防滲專用(yong)攪拌(ban)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥砂漿(不(bu)(bu)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui))填實、襯平(ping)。每(mei)塊濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)板(ban)上安裝49個(ge)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)頭(tou)，每(mei)格濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)安裝2 352個(ge)，單個(ge)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)帽縫(feng)隙(xi)總面積為2. 8cm²，濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)板(ban)開(kai)孔(kong)率(lv)為1. 46%。其上鋪設粒(li)徑(jing)為2~8mm礫石承托層，厚100 mm。濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)層采(cai)用(yong)粒(li)徑(jing)為0. 85~1. 10 mm的(de)均(jun)質(zhi)石英砂濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)，厚1 200 mm。

②　改(gai)變渾水進水方(fang)式

取消原(yuan)虹吸濾池(chi)(chi)(chi)的進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)虹吸管，改用(yong)(yong)(yong)管道閥門控制(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)。在(zai)濾池(chi)(chi)(chi)兩(liang)側設置(zhi)兩(liang)條進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)V型(xing)槽(cao)，對應V型(xing)槽(cao)在(zai)原(yuan)有進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)廊道及新加高池(chi)(chi)(chi)壁開孔安裝DN250鋼(gang)管進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)，進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)管接(jie)入V型(xing)槽(cao)內(nei)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)氣動調(diao)節(jie)蝶閥控制(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)和掃洗(xi)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)。進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)管在(zai)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)廊道上(shang)的取水(shui)(shui)管口標高要合適，中(zhong)心位置(zhi)偏(pian)差不(bu)得超過5 mm，以免影(ying)響(xiang)各濾池(chi)(chi)(chi)的進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)平衡(heng)。進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)V型(xing)槽(cao)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)制(zhi)(zhi)做(zuo)，與原(yuan)有池(chi)(chi)(chi)壁成45°角(jiao)安裝，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)膨脹螺栓(shuan)固(gu)定(ding)。

③　V型(xing)槽表面掃洗配水孔(kong)口標(biao)高(gao)的確定

按濾池氣水沖洗設計規(gui)程(CECS50： 1993)規(gui)定，低于排水槽(cao)頂面的垂直距(ju)離一般可為(wei)150 mm。

不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼V型槽(cao)表(biao)面掃(sao)洗(xi)(xi)配水(shui)(shui)開孔(kong)采用(yong)Φ25、間距116 mm水(shui)(shui)平布置。但(dan)在掃(sao)洗(xi)(xi)時發現孔(kong)口淹沒水(shui)(shui)深較大且成(cheng)45°角向下出(chu)流，造成(cheng)橫(heng)向掃(sao)洗(xi)(xi)力度不(bu)足(zu)而使沖洗(xi)(xi)過程中產生的渾濁液(ye)及泡沫粘附在池壁上，反沖洗(xi)(xi)后(hou)初始進(jin)水(shui)(shui)通(tong)過孔(kong)口將砂面沖出(chu)一條溝槽(cao)，影(ying)響沖洗(xi)(xi)和(he)過濾效果(guo)。為(wei)此，將配水(shui)(shui)孔(kong)標高抬高至排(pai)水(shui)(shui)槽(cao)頂以(yi)上30 mm，并將孔(kong)口加水(shui)(shui)平短管調整為(wei)水(shui)(shui)平出(chu)流，以(yi)加強沖洗(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)的橫(heng)向流動，及時排(pai)除懸浮固體(ti)。

④　改變濾后出水(shui)方(fang)式(shi)

拆除(chu)原(yuan)(yuan)匯(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)間的隔墻及平(ping)板閥(fa)，以盲板封堵原(yuan)(yuan)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)(chi)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)孔(kong)(kong)口，將原(yuan)(yuan)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)匯(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)改為管(guan)(guan)(guan)廊。在隔墻兩邊新(xin)建清(qing)(qing)(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)匯(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)(兼作(zuo)反沖(chong)洗配水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、配氣總渠(qu)(qu))，渠(qu)(qu)頂(ding)與(yu)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)板標高一致，中間隔墻開設800mm×800 mm孔(kong)(kong)連通(tong)，在渠(qu)(qu)底部兩邊分(fen)別設通(tong)向濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)(chi)清(qing)(qing)(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區的匯(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)支(zhi)孔(kong)(kong)(兼作(zuo)反沖(chong)洗配水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)孔(kong)(kong))，采用DN100管(guan)(guan)(guan)預(yu)埋，每邊均勻(yun)分(fen)布30個(ge)。對(dui)應匯(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)底部安裝DN450出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(反沖(chong)洗時(shi)兼作(zuo)配水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan))，通(tong)過閥(fa)門調節(jie)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)，控(kong)制(zhi)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)(chi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位和(he)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)速(su)。濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)后水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通(tong)過清(qing)(qing)(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、清(qing)(qing)(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)匯(hui)(hui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)流(liu)入清(qing)(qing)(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。

⑤　改變沖洗方式，采用氣水(shui)反(fan)沖洗

在新建反沖洗配(pei)水、配(pei)氣(qi)總渠(qu)(qu)(即(ji)清水匯(hui)水渠(qu)(qu))頂(ding)部(bu)兩邊分別設通向濾池清水區的(de)配(pei)氣(qi)支孔，采(cai)用DN25管預(yu)埋，每邊均(jun)勻(yun)分布48個，對應渠(qu)(qu)頂(ding)部(bu)安裝(zhuang)DN250配(pei)氣(qi)管，通過閥(fa)門控制(zhi)進氣(qi)。

反沖洗(xi)(xi)(xi)過(guo)程(cheng)：首先單獨氣(qi)(qi)(qi)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)，然后(hou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)、水混合(he)沖洗(xi)(xi)(xi)，最(zui)后(hou)單獨水洗(xi)(xi)(xi)。各反沖洗(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)式的歷時(shi)根據現(xian)場(chang)試(shi)驗而定，初步設定各為(wei)(wei)4 min。為(wei)(wei)了加強沖洗(xi)(xi)(xi)效果，緩(huan)沖對其他(ta)濾(lv)池的負荷變(bian)化沖擊，可在整個反沖洗(xi)(xi)(xi)過(guo)程(cheng)中一直維持用部分濾(lv)前水進行(xing)表(biao)面掃(sao)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)。各反沖洗(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)式的強度如下： a.單獨氣(qi)(qi)(qi)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)15 L/(m²•s)； b.氣(qi)(qi)(qi)、水混合(he)沖洗(xi)(xi)(xi)時(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)15 L/(m²•s)，水為(wei)(wei)4~6 L/(m²•s)； c.單獨水洗(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)6~8 L/(m²•s)； d.表(biao)面掃(sao)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)1~2 L/(m²•s)。

⑥　濾池反(fan)沖洗排水

撤除原排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)虹(hong)吸管，在(zai)隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)兩(liang)邊清水(shui)(shui)(shui)匯(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)渠上面新(xin)建反(fan)沖洗排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)匯(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)渠，中間隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)開設800 mm×800 mm孔(kong)連通，對應排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)匯(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)渠安裝(zhuang)DN450排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管，接入原排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)渠下(xia)的排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)總渠，用(yong)閥(fa)門(men)控制排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。

排水匯水渠(qu)堰頂標高在不影響配水均(jun)勻(yun)的情(qing)況下適當降低，減(jian)少濾(lv)料(liao)層上的水深，可適當縮短漂清時(shi)間(jian)，減(jian)少沖洗水耗。此(ci)次改造(zao)中排水渠(qu)堰頂距離砂面500 mm。

⑦　新建(jian)反(fan)沖(chong)洗(xi)泵房及風機(ji)房1座

安裝KRTK200-280電潛泵3臺(2用(yong)1備)，SSR-150型羅茨鼓風機3臺(2用(yong)1備)，分別給濾池反沖洗提(ti)(ti)供壓(ya)(ya)力(li)水和壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)；安裝JX5FF型空(kong)氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機2臺(1用(yong)1備)，給氣(qi)動(dong)閥門提(ti)(ti)供壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)。

⑧　采(cai)用工(gong)業控制(zhi)計算機、PLC、儀表(biao)及控制(zhi)按

鈕等組成一套控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統，對濾(lv)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)、水(shui)位(wei)、過濾(lv)運行和(he)氣(qi)水(shui)反沖(chong)洗(xi)的全過程進(jin)(jin)行自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)控(kong)(kong)制進(jin)(jin)水(shui)閥(fa)和(he)清(qing)水(shui)調(diao)節(jie)閥(fa)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)調(diao)節(jie)蝶(die)閥(fa)，排水(shui)閥(fa)、氣(qi)沖(chong)閥(fa)和(he)水(shui)沖(chong)閥(fa)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)開關蝶(die)閥(fa)，放氣(qi)閥(fa)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)擠壓蝶(die)閥(fa)。電潛泵和(he)鼓(gu)風機采(cai)(cai)用(yong)AB軟(ruan)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置。水(shui)位(wei)、水(shui)阻(zu)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)壓阻(zu)式在線(xian)檢測。控(kong)(kong)制界面及軟(ruan)件(jian)使用(yong)工控(kong)(kong)組態王開發(fa)。濾(lv)池(chi)(chi)(chi)反沖(chong)洗(xi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)水(shui)阻(zu)、水(shui)位(wei)、工作(zuo)周期三個條件(jian)進(jin)(jin)行判(pan)斷，實現(xian)了全自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、中控(kong)(kong)室點動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、現(xian)場(chang)一步化、現(xian)場(chang)全手動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)共四級操(cao)作(zuo)。改造后的濾(lv)池(chi)(chi)(chi)構造見圖1。

3　運行情況

辛安水(shui)廠源水(shui)取自(zi)黃河最(zui)下(xia)游，污染較為(wei)嚴重。本次改造工(gong)程(cheng)于2002年5月30日投入試(shi)運行，改造后與改造前對比表明：改造后的V型濾池達到無(wu)人操作，運行穩定，工(gong)作周期比原虹吸濾池大大延長，濾后水(shui)濁度<1 NTU(見圖2)，出水(shui)水(shui)質明顯(xian)優于虹吸濾池。

4　結語

辛安(an)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)廠的濾池(chi)(chi)改(gai)造達到(dao)了預(yu)期的出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質目標，經與該公司新建的純化(hua)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)廠V型濾池(chi)(chi)相比，取得(de)了相同的出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質效果，而改(gai)造工(gong)程(cheng)總投資(zi)僅為340萬元(yuan)，比建造一座同等規模(mo)新濾池(chi)(chi)節省一半投資(zi)，經濟效益明顯且改(gai)造工(gong)期僅6個月。該公司隨后于2003年和2004年采用相同工(gong)藝，對河(he)口水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)廠、孤東(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)廠(處理規模(mo)均為5×104m³/d)進行(xing)了改(gai)造。

參考文獻：

[1]　許(xu)保玖.給(gei)水處(chu)理理論[M].北京：中國建筑工業(ye)出版社， 2000.

[2]　童(tong)禎(zhen)恭，謝(xie)宏云，吳雪峰(feng).桂(gui)林鐵路(lu)水廠虹(hong)吸濾池反沖洗(xi)系統的改造[J].中國給水排水， 2003， 19(3)： 58-60.

  使用微信“掃一掃”功能添加“谷騰環保網”

相關文章