火力(li)發電(dian)廠為盡量(liang)減少(shao)鍋爐(lu)尾部(bu)煙氣對大氣的(de)污染(ran),紛紛按要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)進行煙氣脫硫和脫硝。為保證脫硫效率,除塵(chen)系統必須高效、穩定運(yun)行,而傳統的(de)電(dian)除塵(chen)已(yi)不能滿足要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),于(yu)是(shi)大型袋式除塵(chen)技術、電(dian)2袋組合除塵(chen)技術應運(yun)而生。

電2袋組(zu)(zu)合(he)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)技術(shu)是一種電除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)和袋式除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)組(zu)(zu)合(he)起來的(de)新型除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)技術(shu),它綜合(he)了(le)電除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)和袋式除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)的(de)優(you)點,對粉塵(chen)(chen)特性(xing)不(bu)敏感,不(bu)因比電阻(zu)、煙氣(qi)量及粉塵(chen)(chen)濃度的(de)變化影(ying)響(xiang)出(chu)口(kou)排(pai)放(fang)濃度,除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效率不(bu)隨(sui)運(yun)(yun)行年份(fen)增加(jia)而降低,且布袋除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器的(de)部分(fen)零部件能在線檢修,整(zheng)個系統具有節能、高效、運(yun)(yun)行穩定(ding)的(de)特點。

1 　電-袋組合除塵改造方案確定

淮南洛(luo)河發電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠2號機組是(shi)國產300MW亞臨界(jie)燃煤(mei)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組,于(yu)1986年投產發電(dian)(dian)(dian),其高(gao)壓(ya)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)器由(you)長(chang)春電(dian)(dian)(dian)力煤(mei)場(chang)機械研究(jiu)所設計、長(chang)春發電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)修造(zao)廠制造(zao),臥式(shi)干型雙(shuang)室四(si)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang),設計除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)效率(lv)(lv)99%。因設備(bei)使(shi)用(yong)年限已久(jiu),設計除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)效率(lv)(lv)偏低,雖(sui)(sui)然在 2001年進行(xing)(xing)了(le)局部改造(zao),但仍無法滿足環(huan)保(bao)(bao)要(yao)求。根據國家環(huan)保(bao)(bao)總局頒(ban)布的新《火電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠大氣(qi)污染物排(pai)放標準(zhun)》(GB 13223—2003)第Ⅱ時段和第Ⅲ時段要(yao)求:到(dao)2010年1月1日火電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠煙塵(chen)最高(gao)允許排(pai)放濃度要(yao)達到(dao)50 mg/m3。在結(jie)合(he)(he)現(xian)場(chang)的實際情(qing)況及綜(zong)合(he)(he)考慮工程投入和運行(xing)(xing)費(fei)用(yong)的基礎上(shang),決定(ding)對原電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)進行(xing)(xing)全面改造(zao),采用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)2袋組合(he)(he)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)方式(shi)。雖(sui)(sui)然電(dian)(dian)(dian)2袋組合(he)(he)式(shi)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)技術(shu)在國內300 MW 及以上(shang)機組尚無應(ying)用(yong)先例,但已在200 MW 機組上(shang)成功應(ying)用(yong),技術(shu)上(shang)已經成熟,電(dian)(dian)(dian)2袋改造(zao)方案(an)示意圖(tu)(tu)如(ru)圖(tu)(tu)1所示。

具體方案如下:

(1) 利用原有電除塵器的(de)基礎(chu)(chu)(混(hun)凝土(tu)基礎(chu)(chu),強度已(yi)經過校核) ,不(bu)加長(chang)柱距(ju),不(bu)加寬(kuan)跨距(ju),保留混(hun)凝土(tu)框架以上的(de)灰(hui)斗、電除塵鋼(gang)結構(gou)支柱,恢復性(xing)檢修(xiu)殼(ke)體、進出口喇(la)叭、灰(hui)斗,本體內(nei)部(bu)(bu)及頂部(bu)(bu)構(gou)件全部(bu)(bu)拆除。

(2) 在原(yuan)一電(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)空(kong)間內仍采用電(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)方(fang)式(shi)(shi),三(san)分區(qu)(qu)結(jie)構(gou),分區(qu)(qu)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)為沿煙(yan)氣(qi)流向(xiang)前(qian)后分區(qu)(qu),每一個分區(qu)(qu)都是(shi)獨(du)立供電(dian)(dian),同時為增(zeng)加(jia)電(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)收塵(chen)(chen)面(mian)積和降(jiang)低(di)煙(yan)氣(qi)流速(su),殼體在原(yuan)基(ji)礎(chu)上加(jia)高(gao)115 m;在原(yuan)二、三(san)、四電(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)間內采用布袋(dai)除塵(chen)(chen), 16個分室(shi)結(jie)構(gou),布袋(dai)沿氣(qi)流方(fang)向(xiang)布置。

(3) 為(wei)了在(zai)機組(zu)啟動或低負荷投油(you)及煙(yan)溫異常時保護(hu)濾袋(dai),在(zai)袋(dai)區頂部布置零泄(xie)漏的密封(feng)閥(fa)和旁路煙(yan)道(dao)(50%煙(yan)氣(qi)量旁路) ,且旁路閥(fa)具有快(kuai)開和快(kuai)關功能,并與主機DCS進行接(jie)口;同(tong)時在(zai)電除塵進口煙(yan)道(dao)處加裝(zhuang)預涂灰(hui)裝(zhuang)置。

(4) 為保證電(dian)區(qu)和(he)袋(dai)區(qu)氣(qi)流(liu)的均(jun)勻(yun)性,原進口煙道處的三層氣(qi)流(liu)均(jun)布(bu)板不變,并在(zai)電(dian)區(qu)與(yu)袋(dai)區(qu)之間再增加一層氣(qi)流(liu)均(jun)布(bu)板,板高自上(shang)而下與(yu)布(bu)袋(dai)高度平(ping)齊。

(5) 電區(qu)(qu)(qu)及袋(dai)(dai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)清灰方式及控(kong)制(zhi):袋(dai)(dai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)采用低壓(ya)脈沖噴吹(chui)方式清灰,電區(qu)(qu)(qu)陰陽極均采用電磁振打清灰, PLC控(kong)制(zhi)。

(6) 因電除塵(chen)(chen)改為電2袋組合除塵(chen)(chen)后,除塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)本體(ti)阻(zu)力增加很多(至少500 Pa) ,故原(yuan)來的引風(feng)機(ji)出力不(bu)能滿足(zu)運(yun)行要求,必須進行改造。

2 　電-袋組合除塵系統設備配置及選型

2.1 　電2袋組合除塵系統相關參數

電2袋組合除(chu)塵(chen)系統(tong)參數見表1。

2.2 　電區部分

(1) 陽(yang)極(ji)板采(cai)用(yong)厚度(du)為115 mm的BE板,配合(he)頂(ding)部電磁錘(chui)振打(加強型) ,陽(yang)極(ji)板的懸吊不(bu)按分(fen)區進行設計(ji),每排安裝(zhuang)12塊極(ji)板,每個分(fen)區使用(yong)4塊極(ji)板, 板長14 m;陰(yin)極(ji)線(xian)(xian)選用(yong)針刺線(xian)(xian),線(xian)(xian)體采(cai)用(yong)Q235材質圓鋼(gang),線(xian)(xian)針采(cai)用(yong)不(bu)銹鋼(gang),同樣采(cai)用(yong)頂(ding)部電磁錘(chui)振打清灰。

(2) 電(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)A、B兩側各設(she)1個(ge)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang),每個(ge)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)按(an)煙氣(qi)流向分(fen)(fen)(fen)為3個(ge)分(fen)(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu),高壓(ya)(ya)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)均(jun)采用(yong)(yong)獨(du)立供電(dian)(dian),運行后可以(yi)(yi)使每個(ge)機械電(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)平均(jun)工作電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升(sheng)高,同時(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)小區(qu)(qu)供電(dian)(dian),還可增強電(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)電(dian)(dian)凝集(ji)的(de)作用(yong)(yong),使細(xi)微粉塵凝集(ji)成大顆(ke)粒,以(yi)(yi)利(li)于捕集(ji),使收塵效(xiao)率(lv)得到(dao)提高。另外,由于細(xi)化了電(dian)(dian)力(li)分(fen)(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu),可使發生故障時(shi)退出的(de)工作區(qu)(qu)域少2 /3 (如當小分(fen)(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)某側陰極線發生斷(duan)裂時(shi)) ,可靠性(xing)提高3倍,保(bao)證了電(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)的(de)除塵效(xiao)率(lv)。

(3) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)前兩個(ge)分區(qu)采用(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),型號為(wei)CTH201,解(jie)(jie)決了(le)(le)常規晶閘管電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體積大、效率(lv)低、輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低、輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)小(xiao)(xiao)、火(huo)花熄滅時間(jian)長、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場能量恢復(fu)慢、易發(fa)生反電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈現象等不足。此(ci)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采用(yong)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru),經斷路器(qi)(qi)、接觸器(qi)(qi)、三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)整流(liu)(liu)橋,并經平波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),形成直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan), 直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)經全橋串聯諧(xie)振電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路與局域并聯諧(xie)振電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)逆(ni)變,經高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)升壓(ya)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)硅(gui)堆整流(liu)(liu)后輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),經阻(zu)尼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)為(wei)除塵器(qi)(qi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。使用(yong)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉換效率(lv)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)達92% ,三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平衡且功率(lv)因數大于019,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網均衡,對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出諧(xie)波小(xiao)(xiao),有(you)恒流(liu)(liu)特性(xing),能有(you)效提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)設備效率(lv)和除塵效率(lv),在重載(zai)(zai)和輕(qing)載(zai)(zai)下都可(ke)穩定(ding)運行,在中、低比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)粉(fen)塵下輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大,在高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)粉(fen)塵下可(ke)有(you)效抑制(zhi)反電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈現象,運行高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)效可(ke)靠(kao)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)第三(san)分區(qu)采用(yong)工頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan), 型號為(wei)GGAj02K2J110A /66 kV。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和工頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)位布置在除塵器(qi)(qi)頂(ding)部,其中高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)實現了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)一體化,工頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)布置在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)室。

2.3 　袋區部分

(1) 后級布袋除塵器A、B兩側每側分左右兩列, 每列分4個大室(shi),每個大室(shi)又分為2個或3個小室(shi),小室(shi)為方(fang)(fang)形,內部布袋沿(yan)氣(qi)流方(fang)(fang)向布置(zhi),每個小室(shi)配1個提升(sheng)閥(fa),以方(fang)(fang)便檢修;小室(shi)內裝固定式(shi)吹灰器,每個布袋對應(ying)1個噴(pen)嘴(zui),每一(yi)行布袋的噴(pen)吹由一(yi)個脈沖(chong)電磁閥(fa)控制。

(2) 濾(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)采用(yong)(yong)日(ri)本(ben)進(jin)口纖維(wei)材(cai)(cai)料(liao),材(cai)(cai)質為PPS + P84,袋(dai)身采用(yong)(yong)PTFE線縫(feng)制(zhi),濾(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)經(jing)過了(le)防油水、燒光處理,具有優異的抗氧化及耐高(gao)溫(190 ℃以上)功能, 有效使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)在(zai)(zai)30 000 h以上。由(you)于此種濾(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)為表面過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)型濾(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao),故清灰(hui)徹(che)底,減(jian)少了(le)粉塵在(zai)(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)袋(dai)表面形成布粉層后板結的可能,有效地保證了(le)除塵效果。

(3) 濾(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)由袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)籠(long)(long)支撐,規格(ge)為(wei)(wei)(wei)<168 ×8 100,袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)籠(long)(long)用(yong)(yong)(yong)碳鋼絲制作,為(wei)(wei)(wei)減少了(le)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)與籠(long)(long)骨的(de)(de)摩擦,延長(chang)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)壽命(ming),便(bian)于卸袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)籠(long)(long)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)圓形(xing)結構(gou);為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)延長(chang)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)籠(long)(long)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命(ming),籠(long)(long)骨表面(mian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)機硅(gui)高(gao)溫涂(tu)料(liao)進行了(le)表面(mian)粉末(mo)靜(jing)電噴(pen)涂(tu),使其表面(mian)比普通涂(tu)料(liao)光滑(hua)且防腐蝕性能大大提高(gao);再者為(wei)(wei)(wei)保證濾(lv)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)與花(hua)板間的(de)(de)氣密(mi)性,袋(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)口采用(yong)(yong)(yong)彈性脹圈(quan),使其密(mi)封牢固可靠。

(4) 袋區采(cai)用低壓脈沖噴(pen)(pen)吹(chui)方(fang)式清灰,每(mei)個小室配1個氣(qi)(qi)(qi)包,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)包采(cai)用無縫鋼管制(zhi)(zhi)造,每(mei)組(zu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)包上應安裝壓力(li)信號遠傳裝置,用于連續(xu)監控噴(pen)(pen)吹(chui)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)源壓力(li)和進行脈沖閥故障的(de)判斷。系統配2臺20 m3 /min的(de)螺桿式空(kong)壓機(1運1備)和1套后處(chu)理(li)裝置作為清灰及提升閥控制(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)源。

(5) 袋(dai)區各分(fen)室、除塵器進(jin)出口端均(jun)設(she)有(you)(you)差壓(ya)變送(song)器,進(jin)出口差壓(ya)變送(song)器采用(yong)原裝進(jin)口產品。每個脈沖閥在就(jiu)地有(you)(you)1個手動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)開關,手動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)開關安裝在就(jiu)地控(kong)制(zhi)柜內,手動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)開關按行列(lie)式布置,行選擇采用(yong)多(duo)位旋鈕開關,列(lie)選擇采用(yong)按鈕開關。

2.4 　旁路系統及預涂灰裝置

(1) 旁(pang)路(lu)(lu)系統包括旁(pang)路(lu)(lu)提(ti)升閥(fa)(fa)(fa)和旁(pang)路(lu)(lu)煙道,A、B 兩側每側各(ge)分為(wei)左右(you)2個(ge)旁(pang)路(lu)(lu)煙道,每個(ge)旁(pang)路(lu)(lu)煙道配 3個(ge)旁(pang)路(lu)(lu)提(ti)升閥(fa)(fa)(fa),可以在系統煙氣出現異(yi)常情況(kuang)時保護濾袋。旁(pang)路(lu)(lu)提(ti)升閥(fa)(fa)(fa)采用(yong)(yong)垂直上下提(ti)升布置,閥(fa)(fa)(fa)芯及框架材料(liao)為(wei)Q235, 密封采用(yong)(yong)耐(nai)高溫(wen)硅橡膠(jiao)(滿(man)足(zu) 210 ℃工況(kuang)下長期使(shi)用(yong)(yong)) ,旁(pang)路(lu)(lu)提(ti)升閥(fa)(fa)(fa)連(lian)桿密封能防(fang)止灰(hui)塵進(jin)入(ru),并預防(fang)由(you)于高溫(wen)而引(yin)起的變形或老化(hua)。旁(pang)路(lu)(lu)提(ti)升閥(fa)(fa)(fa)具有快速開啟的功能,全關到全開的動作時間≤10 s,并可進(jin)行手動、就地操作和DCS遠方(fang)操作,擋(dang)板位置和開、關狀(zhuang)態信號反饋進(jin)入(ru)DCS系統。

(2) 預涂(tu)灰(hui)(hui)裝置是指(zhi)除塵器(qi)在(zai)投運(yun)前給濾袋(dai)噴(pen)涂(tu)1層干燥粉煤灰(hui)(hui),是防止系統(tong)(tong)啟動時的低溫油、濕煙(yan)氣粘污(wu)濾袋(dai),導致初始阻力增大或(huo)糊(hu)袋(dai)的一種保護措施。涂(tu)灰(hui)(hui)粉料(liao)為干燥的Ⅰ級粉煤灰(hui)(hui)。系統(tong)(tong)布置在(zai)除塵器(qi)進口(kou)(kou)煙(yan)道(dao)(dao)處,A、B兩側各設1套(tao),管道(dao)(dao)進口(kou)(kou)選用硬密封(feng)蝶閥,可與密封(feng)罐車實現很好(hao)的連接。

2.5 　控制系統

電2袋(dai)除塵器(qi)(qi)控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)分(fen)為三個部分(fen):前級電除塵器(qi)(qi)控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)、后級布袋(dai)除塵器(qi)(qi)控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)、旁(pang)路煙道(dao)報警(jing)保護控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)。系(xi)統(tong)配置及主要功能介紹如下(xia):

2.5.1　前級電除塵器控制系統

(1) 工(gong)頻電(dian)源部分用以80C196KB 型16位單(dan)片機為核心的MVC196微(wei)機自動(dong)電(dian)壓控(kong)制系統,具有(you)成熟的高精度火(huo)(huo)花檢(jian)測和(he)控(kong)制技(ji)術及(ji)臨界反電(dian)暈控(kong)制技(ji)術,可(ke)自動(dong)選擇全波供(gong)(gong)電(dian)、雙半波間歇(xie)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)、單(dan)半波間歇(xie)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)等運行方式,能(neng)自動(dong)快速實現(xian)電(dian)場動(dong)態、靜態伏安曲線測試、雙重火(huo)(huo)花檢(jian)測、瞬(shun)態與穩態波形自動(dong)檢(jian)測。

(2) 低壓(ya)部(bu)分采用SiemensS72200型PLC,具(ju)有完備的(de)程序控(kong)(kong)(kong)制功(gong)能。振(zhen)打(da)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制提供連續振(zhen)打(da)和周期振(zhen)打(da)兩(liang)種方式;加(jia)熱控(kong)(kong)(kong)制提供連續加(jia)熱和恒溫加(jia)熱兩(liang)種方式;工作方式、控(kong)(kong)(kong)制溫限和時(shi)間參數(shu)等均(jun)可隨(sui)時(shi)在(zai)線修改。

2.5.2　后級布袋除塵器控制系統

(1) 系(xi)統(tong)配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)。后級布袋除塵器(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)和旁路(lu)煙道報警保護控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)共(gong)用1套Siemens S72314的 PLC,配(pei)(pei)(pei)用人機界面TP170B 517″液(ye)晶觸模(mo)顯示屏(ping),安裝于(yu)(yu)一個控(kong)制(zhi)柜(ju)內,同時(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)有(you)CPU、6ES7 34021CH002 0AE0型通信模(mo)塊1 塊和PS307 25A 型電源模(mo)塊1 塊。在控(kong)制(zhi)柜(ju)上設(she)有(you)自動(dong)、就地轉換開關。當開關置(zhi)于(yu)(yu)自動(dong)時(shi),由PLC按設(she)定的運行方(fang)式和參數自動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi);當置(zhi)于(yu)(yu)就地時(shi),可在現場(chang)手動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)每個電磁(ci)脈沖閥。

(2) 主要(yao)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)功能。后級布袋除塵(chen)器控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統主要(yao)是控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)布袋的(de)清(qing)(qing)灰,其工作(zuo)方式可(ke)(ke)選擇在(zai)線(xian)清(qing)(qing)灰、離線(xian)清(qing)(qing)灰、定時清(qing)(qing)灰、定壓(ya)清(qing)(qing)灰。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)柜面板上(shang)設(she)(she)手動/自(zi)動轉換開關(guan),設(she)(she)在(zai)自(zi)動時人機(ji)界(jie)面操作(zuo)終端上(shang)每個分(fen)室可(ke)(ke)單獨設(she)(she)投入/退出。壓(ya)差(cha)信號上(shang)下限設(she)(she)定值可(ke)(ke)調(diao),電磁脈沖(chong)閥為矩(ju)陣控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)型式,脈沖(chong)電磁閥以(yi)矩(ju)陣控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)輸出,在(zai)任何時候(hou),不允許2個及2個以(yi)上(shang)的(de)脈沖(chong)電磁閥工作(zuo)。

2.5.3　旁路煙道報警保護控制系統

(1) 系(xi)(xi)統配置。旁(pang)路煙道報警保護控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統主要是(shi)旁(pang)路閥控(kong)(kong)制信號(hao)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)設備,測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)儀器(qi)包(bao)括壓力(li)表(biao) (清灰氣包(bao)壓力(li)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點和煙道進口壓力(li)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點) 、測(ce)(ce)(ce)溫探頭(tou) (空預器(qi)出口煙溫測(ce)(ce)(ce)點) 。

(2) 主要控(kong)制(zhi)功(gong)能。報警(jing)(jing)保護控(kong)制(zhi)主要為煙(yan)溫報警(jing)(jing),默認狀態(tai)下高(gao)/低(di)溫都是報警(jing)(jing)狀態(tai)。當高(gao)溫保護允許時,空氣(qi)預熱(re)器出口(kou)煙(yan)氣(qi)溫度(du)大(da)于(yu)180 ℃時開(kai)(kai)(kai)旁(pang)路(lu)閥(fa),關提升(sheng)閥(fa);當低(di)溫保護允許時,空氣(qi)預熱(re)器出口(kou)煙(yan)氣(qi)溫度(du)小于(yu)80℃時開(kai)(kai)(kai)旁(pang)路(lu)閥(fa),關提升(sheng)閥(fa)。旁(pang)路(lu)閥(fa)操(cao)作(zuo)在低(di)壓柜上設(she)有旁(pang)路(lu)操(cao)作(zuo)禁(jin)止(zhi)、允許轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換開(kai)(kai)(kai)關和旁(pang)路(lu)強制(zhi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)按鈕,當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換開(kai)(kai)(kai)關置于(yu)允許位置時,按下旁(pang)路(lu)強制(zhi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)按鈕時系統進入旁(pang)路(lu)狀態(tai),如果(guo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換開(kai)(kai)(kai)關置于(yu)禁(jin)止(zhi)位置時,操(cao)作(zuo)旁(pang)路(lu)強制(zhi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)按鈕不起作(zuo)用。

3 　應用效果

系統改造于2008年5月10日竣工(gong)并投入運行(xing), 為了確認(ren)改造效(xiao)果,洛河發電(dian)廠(chang)請權威部門在工(gong)況(kuang)基本(ben)相似的前提下對改造前后除(chu)塵器進(jin)出口煙氣的主要(yao)參數(shu)(shu)進(jin)行(xing)了測試,除(chu)塵器改造前后性能參數(shu)(shu)對比具(ju)體數(shu)(shu)據見(jian)表(biao)2 (以(yi)一側為例) 。

4 　結束語

從應用(yong)效果(guo)我們(men)可(ke)以看(kan)出,電(dian)2袋組合式除塵(chen)技術首次在國內(nei)300MW機組上應用(yong)是(shi)成(cheng)功的,它使除塵(chen)器出口含塵(chen)濃度滿足了環保(bao)要(yao)求(小于50 mg/m3 ) ; 同時(shi)經核算相對(dui)“電(dian)改電(dian)”的方(fang)案可(ke)節(jie)省投資約(yue)200萬元,且每年(nian)還可(ke)節(jie)省用(yong)電(dian)375萬kW·h (年(nian)利(li)用(yong)小時(shi)按 5 500 h 計(ji)算) , 節(jie)省電(dian)費約(yue)187155 萬元[按 015元/ ( kW·h)計(ji)算]。系統(tong)投運(yun)后(hou)運(yun)行(xing)穩定,經驗值得借鑒。

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