等離子體技術廢水處理工藝
來源(yuan)：武漢碧(bi)沃豐環境工(gong)程有(you)限(xian)公司 閱讀：2672 更新時(shi)間：2013-04-12 14:011、技術路線
利(li)用脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)暈法產(chan)生(sheng)等(deng)(deng)離子(zi)體(ti)進行水(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理的(de)(de)設(she)備主要(yao)分為兩大部分：高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和反(fan)應器。高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)用于產(chan)生(sheng)等(deng)(deng)離子(zi)體(ti)；反(fan)應器則利(li)用產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)活性物(wu)質以及伴(ban)隨產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)熱、光、波等(deng)(deng)效應來凈化水(shui)質。應用于水(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)其電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)寬度要(yao)求在納秒(miao)級。因為高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理水(shui)要(yao)求陡前沿、窄脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系統，這樣才能保持(chi)穩定地生(sheng)成(cheng)低溫等(deng)(deng)離子(zi)體(ti)，并得到(dao)強電(dian)(dian)場(chang)并達(da)到(dao)節能的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。水(shui)中高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)上升(sheng)時(shi)間一(yi)般<100ns，脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)寬度<700ns。
通常高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)源不(bu)能在(zai)液相(xiang)溶液中直接(jie)產生電(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)，但在(zai)氣(qi)(qi)相(xiang)中卻可(ke)(ke)以產生較大空間(jian)范圍內(nei)的電(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)。只(zhi)要在(zai)氣(qi)(qi)液相(xiang)間(jian)的系統中實現氣(qi)(qi)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)，就能形成(cheng)等(deng)離子體(ti)與水(shui)中污染(ran)物接(jie)觸(chu)的條件。為此，放電(dian)(dian)等(deng)離子體(ti)注入方法必須(xu)解決的問題(ti)是：創(chuang)造一(yi)種與一(yi)定(ding)容積(ji)的液體(ti)之間(jian)有(you)盡可(ke)(ke)能大的氣(qi)(qi)液接(jie)觸(chu)面積(ji)的反應條件。
經(jing)過優化選擇，我們選擇的是(shi)水(shui)中氣泡放電(dian)(dian)廢水(shui)處理裝置。水(shui)中氣泡放電(dian)(dian)廢水(shui)處理裝置是(shi)含氣泡液體流經(jing)外殼絕(jue)緣的高壓電(dian)(dian)場(chang)，當雙極性窄脈沖施于(yu)兩(liang)極板(ban)時(shi)，將(jiang)使每個小氣泡發生放電(dian)(dian)，可以處理大流量的水(shui)。該工藝中，放電(dian)(dian)等離子體與水(shui)溶(rong)液的接觸面積大，氣液混(hun)合(he)均勻(yun)。
2、電源
等離(li)子(zi)(zi)體電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)采(cai)用(yong)脈沖電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供電(dian)(dian)，放電(dian)(dian)極直接置于(yu)水(shui)中。放電(dian)(dian)極是該(gai)裝(zhuang)置的(de)關鍵設備，其性能和參數將(jiang)直接決定反應(ying)器(qi)內等離(li)子(zi)(zi)體的(de)狀態，從而影響水(shui)處理的(de)效果。為了持續穩定地生成和維持低溫等離(li)子(zi)(zi)體，高壓脈沖必須具(ju)有脈沖前沿陡峭(qiao)、脈沖寬(kuan)度窄的(de)特點，以得到強電(dian)(dian)場并達到節能的(de)目的(de)。該(gai)裝(zhuang)置采(cai)用(yong)空載(zai)峰(feng)值(zhi)30kV、上升時間100ns，滿(man)載(zai)峰(feng)值(zhi)25kV、30A、脈寬(kuan)<300ns，脈沖頻率1-10kHz可調的(de)快脈沖電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。
傳統(tong)的脈沖電(dian)(dian)源多為利用火(huo)花隙(xi)作為開關產(chan)生(sheng)脈沖，但(dan)是火(huo)花開關壽(shou)命較短，該電(dian)(dian)源采(cai)用新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)子開關器件代(dai)替火(huo)花隙(xi)，這樣可以(yi)大大的提高開關的壽(shou)命以(yi)及電(dian)(dian)源工作的可靠性和穩(wen)定性。
脈(mo)(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)源原理(li)為交流電(dian)(dian)經過變壓(ya)器(qi)后輸出1.5kV的(de)交流電(dian)(dian)，經過電(dian)(dian)容C1、C2、C3和二(er)極管D1、D2所組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)倍壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路后，成(cheng)(cheng)為3kV的(de)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)。達到3kV后給硅堆(dui)觸(chu)發(fa)信號(hao)，開關(guan)（硅堆(dui)）被直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)擊(ji)穿，從而(er)在水間隙中產生(sheng)等(deng)離子體。脈(mo)(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)路原理(li)圖(tu)如圖(tu)1：
3、工藝流程
脈沖電源液中放電污(wu)水處理(li)系統由等離(li)子(zi)體發生與自由基注入(ru)系統、高(gao)效傳(chuan)質反應器、臭(chou)氣(qi)(qi)凈化等幾部分(fen)組成，形成廢(fei)水污(wu)染物降解(jie)、消(xiao)(xiao)毒滅菌(jun)和(he)臭(chou)氣(qi)(qi)凈化的(de)(de)一體化。將壓縮空氣(qi)(qi)通過微孔(kong)曝氣(qi)(qi)器對廢(fei)水進行(xing)曝氣(qi)(qi)，提供高(gao)強度(du)氣(qi)(qi)液傳(chuan)質，在放電等離(li)子(zi)體自由基作用下快速完(wan)成有(you)機(ji)物的(de)(de)降解(jie)、消(xiao)(xiao)毒滅菌(jun)，水面逸散的(de)(de)廢(fei)
氣被集氣系統收(shou)集，經放電等(deng)離子體氧化除臭后凈(jing)化排放。
