虹吸濾池改為氣水反沖洗濾池的工程實踐
來源：山東明風(feng)風(feng)機制造有限公司 閱讀：27656 更(geng)新時間：2018-04-09 08:55| 詳細信息 | |||||
| 項目名稱 | 虹吸濾池改為氣水反沖洗濾池的工程實踐 | ||||
| 建設地點 | 建設起始時間 | 建設結束(shu)時間 | |||
| 建設性質(zhi) | 新建 | 工程投資 | 廢(fei)水(shui)性(xing)質 | ||
| 處理(li)規(gui)模 | 進水水質 | 出(chu)水水質 | |||
| 處理工(gong)藝 | 運行費(fei)用(yong) | 承包范圍 | |||
工程說明
1 工程概況
勝利油田供水公司辛安水廠設計供水能力為15×104m³/d，近幾年實際供水量為7×104m³/d左右。該廠共有3座虹吸濾池，單座濾池設計處理規模為5×104m³/d，每座濾池分為12格，單格面積為27. 5 m²；原設計濾速為7 m/h，反沖洗強度為15 L/(m²•s)；濾床底部采用小阻力穿孔板加設20目和40目尼龍網各一層，穿孔板上布有Φ10喇叭形小孔，開孔率為1. 28
辛(xin)安水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)廠首先對一座虹吸(xi)濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)進行了技術改造。改造盡(jin)量利用原有(you)主體構筑物(wu)，將每2格濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)合(he)并為(wei)1格濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)(原12格濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)合(he)并為(wei)6格濾(lv)(lv)池(chi))，中(zhong)間隔墻在上部(bu)渾水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區和(he)下(xia)部(bu)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區分別進行開孔連通，隔墻兩旁設(she)(she)置雙層渠(qu)道，下(xia)層為(wei)濾(lv)(lv)后出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、反(fan)(fan)(fan)沖洗(xi)(xi)進氣(qi)(qi)進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總渠(qu)，上層為(wei)反(fan)(fan)(fan)沖洗(xi)(xi)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠(qu)，單池(chi)過濾(lv)(lv)面積(ji)為(wei)46. 4 m²。對虹吸(xi)濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)沖洗(xi)(xi)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)堰(yan)口矮墻予以加(jia)高封(feng)閉，使原排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠(qu)上層成為(wei)管廊，安放(fang)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管件與(yu)控(kong)(kong)制閥(fa)門(men)等，下(xia)層排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠(qu)繼(ji)續利用，采(cai)用閥(fa)門(men)代替原進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)反(fan)(fan)(fan)沖洗(xi)(xi)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)虹吸(xi)控(kong)(kong)制。重新安裝清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)反(fan)(fan)(fan)沖洗(xi)(xi)配水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、配氣(qi)(qi)等管線(xian)及(ji)控(kong)(kong)制閥(fa)門(men)。新建反(fan)(fan)(fan)沖洗(xi)(xi)泵房及(ji)風機房一座，安裝反(fan)(fan)(fan)沖洗(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵和(he)鼓風機等設(she)(she)備。控(kong)(kong)制閥(fa)門(men)采(cai)用氣(qi)(qi)動閥(fa)門(men)，安裝PLC等自(zi)控(kong)(kong)設(she)(she)備，實現(xian)全(quan)自(zi)動監測與(yu)控(kong)(kong)制。
2 技(ji)術改造要點
① 改用濾頭、濾板及單層均質石英砂濾料層清除原濾料，拆除原排水槽、濾板、濾梁。將原池底加高500 mm，在濾池內沿原濾梁方向做5道高1 200 mm、寬120 mm的濾梁(靠池壁的兩道寬60mm)，濾梁頂面達到水平，并保證預埋錨固濾板用的不銹鋼件定位準確，濾梁內配筋與池底筋接牢，池中間的每條濾梁頂面預留均勻分布的配氣平衡孔(140 mm×5 mm)4個，確保反沖洗配氣均勻，濾梁下部開孔(800 mm×800 mm)2個，使配水室貫通，確保反沖洗配水均勻。在每格濾池內安裝940 mm×993 mm×100 mm的濾板48塊，找平后用不銹鋼壓板固定，濾板間嵌縫采用防滲專用攪拌水泥砂漿(不用水)填實、襯平。每塊濾板上安裝49個濾頭，每格濾池安裝2 352個，單個濾帽縫隙總面積為2. 8cm²，濾板開孔率為1. 46
② 改變渾水(shui)進水(shui)方式(shi)
取消(xiao)原虹吸(xi)濾(lv)池(chi)的(de)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)虹吸(xi)管(guan)，改用管(guan)道閥門控制(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。在(zai)濾(lv)池(chi)兩(liang)側設置(zhi)兩(liang)條進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)V型(xing)槽(cao)，對應V型(xing)槽(cao)在(zai)原有進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)廊(lang)(lang)道及新加高(gao)池(chi)壁(bi)開(kai)孔安裝(zhuang)DN250鋼管(guan)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)接入V型(xing)槽(cao)內(nei)，采(cai)(cai)用氣(qi)動調(diao)節蝶閥控制(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)和(he)掃洗水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)。進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)在(zai)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)廊(lang)(lang)道上的(de)取水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)口標高(gao)要合適，中心位置(zhi)偏差不(bu)得超(chao)過5 mm，以免影響各濾(lv)池(chi)的(de)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)平衡。進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)V型(xing)槽(cao)采(cai)(cai)用不(bu)銹鋼制(zhi)(zhi)做，與(yu)原有池(chi)壁(bi)成45°角安裝(zhuang)，采(cai)(cai)用膨脹螺(luo)栓固定。
③ V型(xing)槽(cao)表面掃洗配水(shui)孔(kong)口標(biao)高的確定
按濾池(chi)氣水(shui)沖洗設計規程(CECS50： 1993)規定，低于排水(shui)槽(cao)頂面的垂直距離一般可(ke)為150 mm。
不銹鋼V型槽表面(mian)掃洗(xi)配水(shui)(shui)(shui)開孔(kong)采用(yong)Φ25、間距116 mm水(shui)(shui)(shui)平布置。但在掃洗(xi)時(shi)發現孔(kong)口(kou)(kou)淹沒水(shui)(shui)(shui)深較大且成45°角向下(xia)出(chu)流(liu)，造成橫向掃洗(xi)力度不足而(er)使(shi)沖(chong)洗(xi)過(guo)程中產生的渾(hun)濁(zhuo)液(ye)及泡(pao)沫粘附在池壁上(shang)，反沖(chong)洗(xi)后初始進水(shui)(shui)(shui)通過(guo)孔(kong)口(kou)(kou)將砂(sha)面(mian)沖(chong)出(chu)一(yi)條溝(gou)槽，影響(xiang)沖(chong)洗(xi)和過(guo)濾效果。為此，將配水(shui)(shui)(shui)孔(kong)標(biao)高(gao)抬高(gao)至排水(shui)(shui)(shui)槽頂(ding)以(yi)上(shang)30 mm，并將孔(kong)口(kou)(kou)加(jia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平短管(guan)調整為水(shui)(shui)(shui)平出(chu)流(liu)，以(yi)加(jia)強沖(chong)洗(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的橫向流(liu)動，及時(shi)排除懸浮(fu)固體。
④ 改變濾后出(chu)水方(fang)式
拆除原匯(hui)(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)間的隔(ge)墻及平(ping)板閥，以盲(mang)板封堵原濾(lv)池(chi)出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)孔(kong)(kong)口，將(jiang)原出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)改為管廊(lang)。在隔(ge)墻兩邊(bian)新建清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(兼(jian)(jian)作反沖(chong)洗配水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、配氣(qi)總渠(qu)(qu)(qu))，渠(qu)(qu)(qu)頂與濾(lv)板標高(gao)一致(zhi)，中間隔(ge)墻開設(she)800mm×800 mm孔(kong)(kong)連通(tong)(tong)，在渠(qu)(qu)(qu)底(di)部(bu)兩邊(bian)分(fen)別(bie)設(she)通(tong)(tong)向濾(lv)池(chi)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區的匯(hui)(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)支孔(kong)(kong)(兼(jian)(jian)作反沖(chong)洗配水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)孔(kong)(kong))，采用(yong)DN100管預(yu)埋，每邊(bian)均勻分(fen)布30個。對應匯(hui)(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)底(di)部(bu)安裝DN450出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(反沖(chong)洗時兼(jian)(jian)作配水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管)，通(tong)(tong)過閥門調(diao)節出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量，控(kong)制濾(lv)池(chi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位和濾(lv)速。濾(lv)后水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通(tong)(tong)過清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管、清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)管流入清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)。
⑤ 改變沖洗(xi)方式，采(cai)用氣水反(fan)沖洗(xi)
在新建(jian)反沖洗配(pei)(pei)水(shui)、配(pei)(pei)氣總渠(即(ji)清水(shui)匯水(shui)渠)頂部兩邊分(fen)別(bie)設(she)通向濾池清水(shui)區的(de)配(pei)(pei)氣支孔，采用DN25管(guan)預埋(mai)，每邊均勻(yun)分(fen)布48個(ge)，對應渠頂部安裝DN250配(pei)(pei)氣管(guan)，通過閥門控(kong)制進氣。
反沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗過程：首先單獨氣(qi)洗，然后氣(qi)、水混合沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗，最后單獨水洗。各反沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗方(fang)式的(de)歷(li)時(shi)根據現場試驗而定(ding)，初步設定(ding)各為(wei)(wei)4 min。為(wei)(wei)了加強(qiang)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗效果，緩(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)對其他濾池的(de)負荷(he)變(bian)化沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊，可在整個反沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗過程中一直維持用(yong)部分濾前水進行表面(mian)(mian)掃(sao)洗。各反沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗方(fang)式的(de)強(qiang)度如下： a.單獨氣(qi)洗為(wei)(wei)15 L/(m²•s)； b.氣(qi)、水混合沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)洗時(shi)氣(qi)為(wei)(wei)15 L/(m²•s)，水為(wei)(wei)4~6 L/(m²•s)； c.單獨水洗為(wei)(wei)6~8 L/(m²•s)； d.表面(mian)(mian)掃(sao)洗為(wei)(wei)1~2 L/(m²•s)。
⑥ 濾池反沖洗排水
撤除原(yuan)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)虹吸(xi)管，在隔(ge)墻兩邊清水(shui)(shui)匯(hui)水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)上(shang)面新建(jian)反(fan)沖洗排(pai)水(shui)(shui)匯(hui)水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)，中間隔(ge)墻開設800 mm×800 mm孔連通，對應排(pai)水(shui)(shui)匯(hui)水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)安裝DN450排(pai)水(shui)(shui)管，接入原(yuan)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)下(xia)的排(pai)水(shui)(shui)總(zong)渠(qu)，用(yong)閥門控制排(pai)水(shui)(shui)。
排水(shui)(shui)匯(hui)水(shui)(shui)渠堰頂標(biao)高(gao)在不影響配(pei)水(shui)(shui)均勻(yun)的(de)情況下(xia)適(shi)當(dang)降低，減少(shao)濾(lv)料層上(shang)的(de)水(shui)(shui)深，可適(shi)當(dang)縮短漂(piao)清時間，減少(shao)沖(chong)洗水(shui)(shui)耗。此次改造(zao)中排水(shui)(shui)渠堰頂距離砂面500 mm。
⑦ 新(xin)建反沖洗(xi)泵房及(ji)風機(ji)房1座
安裝KRTK200-280電潛泵3臺(tai)(2用(yong)1備(bei))，MFSR-150型(xing)羅茨鼓風(feng)機3臺(tai)(2用(yong)1備(bei))，分別給濾池(chi)反沖洗提供(gong)壓力水和壓縮(suo)(suo)空(kong)氣；安裝JX5FF型(xing)空(kong)氣壓縮(suo)(suo)機2臺(tai)(1用(yong)1備(bei))，給氣動閥(fa)門提供(gong)壓縮(suo)(suo)空(kong)氣。
⑧ 采用工業控制計算機、PLC、儀表及控制按
鈕(niu)等組成(cheng)一(yi)套控制(zhi)系統(tong)，對濾(lv)池進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位、過(guo)濾(lv)運行和(he)(he)氣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)反(fan)(fan)沖洗的全(quan)過(guo)程進行自(zi)動(dong)(dong)控制(zhi)進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閥(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)調節(jie)(jie)閥(fa)(fa)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)氣動(dong)(dong)調節(jie)(jie)蝶閥(fa)(fa)，排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閥(fa)(fa)、氣沖閥(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)沖閥(fa)(fa)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)氣動(dong)(dong)開關蝶閥(fa)(fa)，放氣閥(fa)(fa)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)氣動(dong)(dong)擠(ji)壓蝶閥(fa)(fa)。電潛(qian)泵和(he)(he)鼓風機采(cai)用(yong)(yong)AB軟(ruan)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)裝置。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)阻(zu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)壓阻(zu)式在線(xian)檢(jian)測。控制(zhi)界面及軟(ruan)件使用(yong)(yong)工控組態王開發。濾(lv)池反(fan)(fan)沖洗采(cai)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)阻(zu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位、工作(zuo)周期三個條件進行判斷，實現(xian)了全(quan)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)、中控室點動(dong)(dong)、現(xian)場一(yi)步化、現(xian)場全(quan)手動(dong)(dong)共四級操(cao)作(zuo)。改造后的濾(lv)池構造見圖1。
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3 運行情況
辛安(an)水(shui)廠源水(shui)取(qu)自黃(huang)河最下游，污染較(jiao)為嚴(yan)重。本次改(gai)(gai)造(zao)工程于2002年5月30日投入試運行(xing)，改(gai)(gai)造(zao)后與(yu)改(gai)(gai)造(zao)前(qian)對比表明：改(gai)(gai)造(zao)后的V型濾池達到無人(ren)操(cao)作，運行(xing)穩(wen)定，工作周期比原虹吸(xi)濾池大大延長，濾后水(shui)濁(zhuo)度<1 NTU(見圖(tu)2)，出水(shui)水(shui)質明顯優于虹吸(xi)濾池。
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4 結語
辛安水(shui)廠(chang)的(de)濾(lv)池改(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)達(da)到(dao)了(le)(le)預(yu)期的(de)出水(shui)水(shui)質目標，經(jing)(jing)與(yu)該(gai)公(gong)司新建的(de)純化水(shui)廠(chang)V型濾(lv)池相比(bi)(bi)，取得了(le)(le)相同的(de)出水(shui)水(shui)質效(xiao)果，而改(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)工(gong)程總投(tou)資僅為340萬(wan)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)建造(zao)(zao)(zao)一(yi)座同等規模新濾(lv)池節省一(yi)半投(tou)資，經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)益明顯且改(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)工(gong)期僅6個月。該(gai)公(gong)司隨后(hou)于2003年(nian)和2004年(nian)采用相同工(gong)藝(yi)，對河口(kou)水(shui)廠(chang)、孤東水(shui)廠(chang)(處理規模均(jun)為5×104m³/d)進行了(le)(le)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)。
參考文獻：
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[2] 童禎恭，謝(xie)宏云，吳雪峰.桂林鐵路(lu)水(shui)廠虹吸濾池(chi)反沖洗系統的改造[J].中國給(gei)水(shui)排水(shui)， 2003， 19(3)： 58-60.
