工業車間焊接煙塵及有害氣體的控制
來源：東(dong)莞唐朝環保科(ke)技有限公司 閱讀：4155 更新時間：2013-04-07 17:20不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)接工藝產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污染(ran)物種類和(he)數量有(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區別。條件(jian)允許的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，應選(xuan)用(yong)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隱弧(hu)焊(han)代替明(ming)弧(hu)焊(han)，可大(da)大(da)降低(di)污染(ran)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污染(ran)程(cheng)度。在(zai)生(sheng)產工藝確定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下，應選(xuan)用(yong)機械(xie)化(hua)(hua)、自動化(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)。應采用(yong)低(di)塵低(di)毒焊(han)條，以降低(di)煙塵濃度和(he)毒性(xing)。在(zai)選(xuan)購新設(she)備(bei)時，應注(zhu)重(zhong)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環保(bao)性(xing)能，多選(xuan)用(yong)配有(you)凈化(hua)(hua)部件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)設(she)備(bei)。焊(han)接煙塵及有(you)害氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治理在(zai)傳播途徑上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制方式有(you)下列兩(liang)種：
1、局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)排(pai)風(feng)是(shi)對(dui)局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)氣(qi)流進行治理，使局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)工(gong)作(zuo)地點不(bu)受(shou)有(you)害(hai)物的污(wu)染(ran)，保持(chi)良(liang)好的空氣(qi)環境。一般局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)排(pai)風(feng)機(ji)組由(you)集氣(qi)罩、風(feng)管、凈化(hua)系(xi)統和(he)(he)風(feng)機(ji)4部(bu)分組成。局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)排(pai)風(feng)按集氣(qi)方式(shi)(shi)的不(bu)同(tong)(tong)可(ke)以分為(wei)固(gu)定(ding)式(shi)(shi)局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)排(pai)風(feng)系(xi)統和(he)(he)移(yi)動(dong)式(shi)(shi)局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)排(pai)風(feng)系(xi)統。固(gu)定(ding)式(shi)(shi)局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)排(pai)風(feng)系(xi)統主要用(yong)于操作(zuo)地點和(he)(he)工(gong)人操作(zuo)方式(shi)(shi)固(gu)定(ding)的大(da)型焊接(jie)生產車間，可(ke)根據實(shi)際情況(kuang)一次性固(gu)定(ding)集氣(qi)罩的位置(zhi)。移(yi)動(dong)式(shi)(shi)局(ju)(ju)(ju)部(bu)排(pai)風(feng)系(xi)統工(gong)作(zuo)狀態(tai)相對(dui)靈活，可(ke)根據不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的工(gong)況(kuang)，采(cai)用(yong)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的工(gong)作(zuo)姿態(tai)，保證處理效率(lv)及操作(zuo)人員的便利。焊接(jie)煙塵(chen)和(he)(he)有(you)害(hai)氣(qi)體的凈化(hua)系(xi)統通常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)袋(dai)式(shi)(shi)或靜電除塵(chen)與吸附劑相結(jie)合的凈化(hua)方式(shi)(shi)，處理效率(lv)高、工(gong)作(zuo)狀態(tai)穩(wen)定(ding)。
2、全(quan)面(mian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)也稱稀(xi)釋通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)，它(ta)是用(yong)(yong)清潔空(kong)氣稀(xi)釋室內(nei)空(kong)氣中的(de)(de)(de)有害(hai)物濃(nong)度，使室內(nei)空(kong)氣中有害(hai)物濃(nong)度不(bu)超過(guo)(guo)衛生(sheng)標準規定的(de)(de)(de)最高允許濃(nong)度，同時不(bu)斷地將污(wu)染空(kong)氣排(pai)至室外或(huo)(huo)收集凈(jing)化。全(quan)面(mian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)包括自然(ran)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)和(he)機械(xie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)2種(zhong)方式(shi)[3]。在(zai)國外，對于(yu)(yu)戶外焊(han)接作(zuo)業或(huo)(huo)敞開的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間焊(han)接，一般采用(yong)(yong)自然(ran)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)方式(shi)，對于(yu)(yu)室內(nei)作(zuo)業通(tong)(tong)(tong)常采用(yong)(yong)機械(xie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)方式(shi)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)安(an)裝在(zai)墻上(shang)或(huo)(huo)天花板上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)流(liu)風(feng)(feng)機，把車間內(nei)焊(han)煙排(pai)出室外，或(huo)(huo)者經過(guo)(guo)凈(jing)化器(qi)凈(jing)化后在(zai)車間內(nei)循環使用(yong)(yong)，達(da)到使車間煙塵濃(nong)度降低的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。循環被凈(jing)化的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣，解決了車間內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量損失(shi)，此種(zhong)方式(shi)在(zai)國外普遍采用(yong)(yong)。
