脈沖電磁閥
脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥由核(he)(he)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)和(he)(he)非核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖彈爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)而產(chan)生(sheng)。核(he)(he)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖稱(cheng)為核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖，任何在(zai)地面以(yi)上爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)(he)武器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)都(dou)會產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖，能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)大(da)約占核(he)(he)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)總能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百萬分(fen)之一，頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)從幾百赫(he)到(dao)幾兆赫(he)。非核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖彈則(ze)利用(yong)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)或化學燃料燃燒(shao)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)，通(tong)過微(wei)波(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件轉換成(cheng)高功率(lv)(lv)(lv)微(wei)波(bo)(bo)輻射(she)能(neng)(neng)，能(neng)(neng)發射(she)峰值功率(lv)(lv)(lv)在(zai)吉瓦以(yi)上、頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)為1吉赫(he)～300吉赫(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脈(mo)沖微(wei)波(bo)(bo)束，在(zai)裸露(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)上急劇產(chan)生(sheng)數千伏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬(shun)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，對大(da)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)設(she)(she)備造成(cheng)無法(fa)挽回的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)壞。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖防護(hu)(hu)(hu)方法(fa)與雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)防護(hu)(hu)(hu)方法(fa)基本相同。用(yong)9.5毫米厚鋼板(ban)或4毫米厚銅板(ban)做(zuo)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屏(ping)蔽(bi)罩，可(ke)以(yi)提供很(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總體(ti)屏(ping)蔽(bi)效能(neng)(neng)。但是，這種(zhong)屏(ping)蔽(bi)會由于存(cun)在(zai)檢修門和(he)(he)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)、連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、開(kai)關等使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小孔(kong)(kong)而減弱，這樣就(jiu)必(bi)須用(yong)襯墊密封孔(kong)(kong)隙。如(ru)果(guo)必(bi)須開(kai)孔(kong)(kong)通(tong)氣，則(ze)應使(shi)用(yong)各(ge)種(zhong)屏(ping)蔽(bi)柵(zha)把大(da)孔(kong)(kong)分(fen)成(cheng)許(xu)多小孔(kong)(kong)，孔(kong)(kong)與孔(kong)(kong)之間相交的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方必(bi)須熔(rong)合，以(yi)便確保最佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屏(ping)蔽(bi)效果(guo)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)必(bi)須使(shi)用(yong)整體(ti)防護(hu)(hu)(hu)材(cai)料，最好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)防護(hu)(hu)(hu)材(cai)料是管(guan)道之類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)固體(ti)材(cai)料。在(zai)協助降低易(yi)(yi)損(sun)(sun)性方面，合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)地線路也(ye)很(hen)重要。若數據(ju)傳輸(shu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)低，可(ke)采用(yong)濾波(bo)(bo)方法(fa)抑制瞬(shun)時效應。若只(zhi)靠濾波(bo)(bo)不(bu)足以(yi)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖降到(dao)安全水平，則(ze)需使(shi)用(yong)防護(hu)(hu)(hu)性抑制器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，例如(ru)齊納二極管(guan)。當前，國外指揮通(tong)信(xin)系(xi)統(tong)防電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)方法(fa)主要有：選取最佳元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件；使(shi)用(yong)不(bu)易(yi)(yi)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)件，如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)管(guan)等；在(zai)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上安裝濾波(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)；使(shi)用(yong)外部防護(hu)(hu)(hu)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件保護(hu)(hu)(hu)預先包裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路；使(shi)用(yong)引線防護(hu)(hu)(hu)裝置；使(shi)用(yong)分(fen)離濾波(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，將耦合頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)限制在(zai)很(hen)窄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)帶(dai)內；采用(yong)自(zi)動增益控制與增益限制技(ji)術(shu)；使(shi)用(yong)特(te)種(zhong)濾波(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)；使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路隔離技(ji)術(shu)隔離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瞬(shun)變現(xian)象；屏(ping)蔽(bi)和(he)(he)接(jie)(jie)地；重新設(she)(she)計分(fen)系(xi)統(tong)；探(tan)測(ce)由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖干(gan)擾而出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)錯誤，并拒絕這些數據(ju)。
膜(mo)(mo)片把電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖(chong)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)分為前后(hou)(hou)二(er)個(ge)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)，接(jie)通清潔壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通過節流孔，進入后(hou)(hou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)，此時(shi)后(hou)(hou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)力將(jiang)膜(mo)(mo)片緊貼(tie)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)出(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)口(kou)(kou)，電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)處(chu)于關閉狀態，脈(mo)沖(chong)控制(zhi)儀輸出(chu)信(xin)號，使銜鐵移動，閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)后(hou)(hou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)放(fang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔打開(kai)，后(hou)(hou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)迅速失(shi)壓(ya)(ya)，使膜(mo)(mo)片后(hou)(hou)移，壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通過閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)出(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)口(kou)(kou)噴(pen)吹(chui)(chui)(chui)，電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)處(chu)于開(kai)啟狀態噴(pen)吹(chui)(chui)(chui)開(kai)始，脈(mo)沖(chong)控制(zhi)儀輸出(chu)信(xin)號消失(shi)，電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖(chong)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)銜鐵復位，后(hou)(hou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)放(fang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔關閉，后(hou)(hou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)力升高使膜(mo)(mo)片緊貼(tie)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)出(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)口(kou)(kou)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖(chong)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)處(chu)于關閉狀態，噴(pen)吹(chui)(chui)(chui)停止，噴(pen)吹(chui)(chui)(chui)時(shi)間(jian)的(de)長(chang)短氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)量大小被控制(zhi)儀所控制(zhi)。
