摘 要 : 自(zi)動(dong)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)作為一項(xiang)新(xin)的技術引入(ru)大氣監(jian)測(ce)(ce)以(yi)(yi)來，一改以(yi)(yi)往人工(gong)(gong)采樣(yang)、做樣(yang)既(ji)費時又費力的狀況，使得獲取各項(xiang)數據較之以(yi)(yi)前(qian)有了極(ji)大的提高。由于自(zi)動(dong)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)儀器處于不(bu)間斷運行(xing)狀態。如何確保儀器的正常(chang)運行(xing)便成了大氣自(zi)動(dong)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)日常(chang)工(gong)(gong)作中的一個重要環節。本文就日常(chang)維護工(gong)(gong)作中所遇到(dao)的問題(ti)及解決方(fang)法(fa)提出(chu)一些自(zi)己的看(kan)法(fa)，并嘗試提出(chu)一些改進(jin)的建(jian)議。

關鍵詞 : 智能電(dian)源 噪聲干擾 分相接(jie)入 廢(fei)氣(qi) 定時器(qi)

昆明(ming)市是國家劃定的(de)(de)(de)“二氧化硫(liu)、酸雨(yu)控(kong)制區“(簡稱“兩(liang)控(kong)區”)和(he)43個大氣污染防治的(de)(de)(de)重點省(sheng)會城市之一(yi)。為(wei)進一(yi)步加強昆明(ming)市的(de)(de)(de)大氣污染防治工(gong)作，提高環境監測(ce)為(wei)政府在環境管理和(he)污染控(kong)制決(jue)策服務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)時效性和(he)準確性，昆明(ming)市環境監測(ce)中心先后采用美(mei)國“大西比” 、“熱電子”兩(liang)家公司的(de)(de)(de)設備完成(cheng)了“關上”、“東風(feng)東路”、“馬街”、“龍(long)泉鎮”四個大氣自動站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)建立。自動站(zhan)建成(cheng)至今總體運行良好，但在巡檢維護中也遇到了一(yi)些問題(ti)(ti)，其中有的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)具有一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)代表(biao)性，下面(mian)就(jiu)維護工(gong)作中常遇到的(de)(de)(de)幾點問題(ti)(ti)談(tan)一(yi)下自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)看法。

1 電源系統

大氣(qi)自動(dong)監測(ce)技(ji)術規范要求(qiu)系統(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)大氣(qi)自動(dong)子站應(ying)(ying)(ying)24小時(shi)不間斷的(de)(de)(de)運行，這勢必對電源系統(tong)提出(chu)較高的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，面(mian)對可能(neng)(neng)出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)斷電現象(xiang)，電源系統(tong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)能(neng)(neng)自動(dong)復電，并對可能(neng)(neng)出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)異(yi)常情(qing)況(諸如火警(jing)、溫度(du)超限等(deng))做出(chu)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)。此外(wai)，噪(zao)聲干擾也應(ying)(ying)(ying)是電源系統(tong)必須(xu)解決的(de)(de)(de)一個問題。

為保證自動監測(ce)儀器的(de)(de)正常(chang)運轉，昆明市環(huan)境監測(ce)中心選用(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)(le)MDG7100型大氣自動站智能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。該電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)(bu)但能(neng)夠提(ti)(ti)供整個自動站所需電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，而且還能(neng)夠電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)遙(yao)控開(kai)關(guan)機(ji)、超溫(wen)及火災(煙(yan)霧)報警(jing)自動切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，根據自動站設(she)備的(de)(de)工作特點(dian)，該系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)按(an)時(shi)間(jian)順(shun)序分別(bie)提(ti)(ti)供三路(lu)220V／50Hz單相電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)：一(yi)個不(bu)(bu)延時(shi)、不(bu)(bu)穩壓的(de)(de)備用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)；兩(liang)個可分別(bie)在0～l0min范(fan)圍內(nei)調整接通(tong)時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)、并經過穩壓的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，提(ti)(ti)供給儀表(biao)、計算(suan)機(ji)和泵等分別(bie)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。經過半年(nian)多(duo)的(de)(de)運行(xing)，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)總體運行(xing)良(liang)好(hao)，但其(qi)間(jian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)自動復位的(de)(de)現(xian)象便出現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)好(hao)幾次。通(tong)過查看電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)內(nei)部結(jie)構，我(wo)們了(le)(le)(le)解(jie)到該系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)網與電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)之間(jian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)(le)第(di)一(yi)級時(shi)間(jian)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)與儀器之間(jian)則通(tong)過另兩(liang)個時(shi)間(jian)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器實現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)二級通(tong)斷。通(tong)過第(di)一(yi)級繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)延時(shi)作用(yong)(yong)，降低了(le)(le)(le)恢復通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)較(jiao)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓對(dui)(dui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)沖擊。在延遲了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)段時(shi)間(jian)后(hou)，通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)輸出相對(dui)(dui)穩定的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓對(dui)(dui)儀器供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)還可防止因短時(shi)頻繁通(tong)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)(dui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)造成的(de)(de)損(sun)壞(huai)。

因此它的(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞直(zhi)接關系(xi)(xi)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)與否。既然(ran)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)直(zhi)接相連，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接通后(hou)，智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自動開(kai)機便(bian)交由一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)控(kong)制。自動開(kai)機失控(kong)，故(gu)障(zhang)也許就出(chu)在延時(shi)(shi)(shi)接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路部(bu)(bu)分。通過查(cha)閱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)說明書，我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)也得到(dao)了(le)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)出(chu)現故(gu)障(zhang)可能(neng)導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)不正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)說明。我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)據此初步斷(duan)定問(wen)(wen)題出(chu)在了(le)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上，為(wei)了(le)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步確定故(gu)障(zhang)所在，我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)對(dui)兩臺相同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)復電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)第一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing) 作(zuo)(zuo)對(dui)比(bi)，對(dui)比(bi)顯示(shi)(shi)，時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)面板上的(de)(de)(de)(de)“UP”和(he)“ON”兩個指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)都應(ying)點亮(“ON”為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網對(dui)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi)，“UP”為(wei)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi))，而出(chu)現問(wen)(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)關“UP”指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)并沒(mei)點亮，接下(xia)(xia)來我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)又改變了(le)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)延時(shi)(shi)(shi)設置，還是模擬(ni)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)復電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，這次我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)發現在沒(mei)有延時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)，故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)二級(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)直(zhi)接就開(kai)始(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)了(le)，對(dui)比(bi)實驗進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步證實了(le)我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)判(pan)斷(duan)，正(zheng)(zheng)是由于該(gai)(gai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)延時(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)分損壞導致了(le)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)無法實現自動復位現象的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生。問(wen)(wen)題根源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)找到(dao)后(hou)，我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)更換了(le)該(gai)(gai)部(bu)(bu)件，之后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)切恢(hui)復正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)。

電源(yuan)系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)個容易被(bei)忽視的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)是(shi)(shi)電氣(qi)噪聲干(gan)(gan)擾，電氣(qi)噪聲可(ke)以由電源(yuan)線(xian)路本身產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生，也可(ke)以由電子(zi)(zi)電氣(qi)設備(bei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生。它一(yi)(yi)般有兩(liang)種(zhong)類型，一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)電磁(ci)干(gan)(gan)擾，它是(shi)(shi)輸(shu)電線(xian)路中(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)。另(ling)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)射(she)頻干(gan)(gan)擾，它是(shi)(shi)由電氣(qi)設備(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)元、器件產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)[1]。對(dui)于這個問(wen)題(ti)除非表現(xian)(xian)得很(hen)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)，否則很(hen)難意識(shi)到它的(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)。而這其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)為(wei)困(kun)難的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，由于其(qi)特殊性，我們(men)(men)往往很(hen)難把出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)與(yu)之(zhi)聯(lian)系(xi)起來。我們(men)(men)就曾遇到過(guo)斷電后(hou)MODEM無法撥通，必須到子(zi)(zi)站重(zhong)(zhong)啟方能(neng)正常使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況。對(dui)這一(yi)(yi)現(xian)(xian)象，我們(men)(men)首(shou)先想到的(de)(de)(de)(de)當然是(shi)(shi)MODEM的(de)(de)(de)(de)損壞(huai)；，但對(dui)該MODEM檢查(cha)后(hou)并(bing)沒發(fa)現(xian)(xian)有任何損壞(huai)。另(ling)外(wai)(wai)，此現(xian)(xian)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生也不頻繁，并(bing)且重(zhong)(zhong)啟后(hou)便(bian)能(neng)恢復正常，于是(shi)(shi)MODEM損壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)便(bian)被(bei)排出(chu)(chu)。但最終在(zai)對(dui)相關(guan)線(xian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢查(cha)中(zhong)(zhong)，我們(men)(men)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)了MODEM電源(yuan)接(jie)入(ru)與(yu)采樣泵(beng)共用一(yi)(yi)個插(cha)座，會(hui)不會(hui)是(shi)(shi)采樣泵(beng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開啟對(dui)MODEM產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生了沖擊?抱著疑問(wen)我們(men)(men)改(gai)動(dong)了MODEM的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)入(ru)相，將MODEM的(de)(de)(de)(de)電源(yuan)接(jie)入(ru)另(ling)外(wai)(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)插(cha)座。至此問(wen)題(ti)得以解決(jue)。

我們(men)分析(xi)出現上(shang)(shang)述(shu)情況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因，正如我們(men)所分析(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，采樣泵(beng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作處于時(shi)(shi)斷時(shi)(shi)開的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態，且它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)通將(jiang)(jiang)產生較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬時(shi)(shi)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)流，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對于分析(xi)儀器需要(yao)(yao)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)源供(gong)應(ying)(ying)而言，這(zhe)(zhe)勢必造(zao)成巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。而子站中安裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計算機、MODEM相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對來說更易受到噪聲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾。因此(ci)，這(zhe)(zhe)一沖擊導(dao)致了MODEM的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)死機，可見(jian)儀器分相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)。MDG7100采用三路(lu)單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)源輸出，其中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩路(lu)可實(shi)現穩壓(ya)延時(shi)(shi)輸出。這(zhe)(zhe)便(bian)為(wei)我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)入提供(gong)了必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件，假設A、B為(wei)帶延時(shi)(shi)輸出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，我們(men)應(ying)(ying)將(jiang)(jiang)儀器接(jie)(jie)于A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，采樣泵(beng)則(ze)應(ying)(ying)接(jie)(jie)到B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)源先啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)，A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)源延遲啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)。這(zhe)(zhe)樣做的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)除實(shi)現了分相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)入，又避(bi)免(mian)了電(dian)網(wang)電(dian)壓(ya)對儀器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直接(jie)(jie)沖擊。鑒于上(shang)(shang)述(shu)原(yuan)因，計算機、MODEM也應(ying)(ying)接(jie)(jie)入A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。正是由于電(dian)噪聲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)性(xing)，我們(men)往往很難直接(jie)(jie)判斷出問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因，因此(ci)在(zai)自動(dong)(dong)站儀器維(wei)護、維(wei)修的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中，因充分考慮電(dian)噪聲造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，才能防范(fan)于未然(ran)。

2 廢氣排放改造

“關(guan)上(shang)”子(zi)站(zhan)是(shi)昆明市環境監測中心最早(zao)(zao)建(jian)立的(de)(de)(de)采用美國大西(xi)比(bi)儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)站(zhan)點。子(zi)站(zhan)建(jian)成的(de)(de)(de)最初幾月，昆明正(zheng)(zheng)值秋冬時節，氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)相對(dui)(dui)較低，所(suo)以儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行相對(dui)(dui)穩定，未發生不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)現象，但隨著天氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)漸變暖，已不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)時出現儀(yi)器(qi)溫(wen)(wen)度升高(gao)(gao)影響到(dao)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)運(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)情況，每(mei)次(ci)(ci)子(zi)站(zhan)巡(xun)檢，打(da)開站(zhan)房門便是(shi)一股熱浪，刺(ci)鼻(bi)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)味(wei)隨之而來，進(jin)(jin)(jin)到(dao)站(zhan)房內部感覺更是(shi)明顯(xian)，特別到(dao)了(le)(le)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)午，溫(wen)(wen)度更高(gao)(gao)，有的(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)器(qi)已到(dao)了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)取下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)機殼拉出機箱(xiang)以降低溫(wen)(wen)度的(de)(de)(de)地(di)步。進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)夏季溫(wen)(wen)度進(jin)(jin)(jin)一步升高(gao)(gao)，儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)運(yun)行得不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)保障，NOx分(fen)析儀(yi)cooler板溫(wen)(wen)度就曾(ceng)高(gao)(gao)出常(chang)(chang)(chang)范圍10多(duo)攝氏(shi)度，出現了(le)(le)實測數據不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)準確(que)的(de)(de)(de)現象，通過分(fen)別在(zai)早(zao)(zao)晨和下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)午較低溫(wen)(wen)度和較高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)度下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)兩次(ci)(ci)校標(biao)，同樣在(zai)儀(yi)器(qi)顯(xian)示(shi)通過的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，我們觀察到(dao)溫(wen)(wen)度較高(gao)(gao)條件(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)校標(biao)后儀(yi)器(qi)所(suo)得明顯(xian)高(gao)(gao)于正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)溫(wen)(wen)度下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)校標(biao)后所(suo)得數據，可見溫(wen)(wen)度對(dui)(dui)于儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)運(yun)行是(shi)至關(guan)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)。

NOx的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析本就(jiu)是(shi)在(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境下進行，它內(nei)部催化還原室溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)正常(chang)(chang)范圍(wei)為280℃～290℃之(zhi)間(jian)，這(zhe)么高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)如果沒有正常(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)卻，儀(yi)器分析必將受到影(ying)響(xiang)。會不(bu)會是(shi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)過(guo)高(gao)導致了前(qian)述的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一系列問題?對比隨后建(jian)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)“熱電子(zi)”儀(yi)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)子(zi)站，我們明(ming)顯(xian)感覺到這(zhe)幾個(ge)站房的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)都(dou)能(neng)(neng)保持在(zai)20℃­——28℃內(nei)，相比之(zhi)下，“關上”子(zi)站站房內(nei)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)確實過(guo)高(gao)。分析出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象，我們認為正是(shi)由(you)于加(jia)裝了廢氣排放管(guan)路，使用(yong)“熱電子(zi)”儀(yi)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)站房的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)才能(neng)(neng)維持正常(chang)(chang)，“關上”子(zi)站溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)正是(shi)由(you)于室內(nei)聚集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廢氣不(bu)能(neng)(neng)及(ji)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排出，廢氣聚集(ji)到一定程度(du)(du)(du)(du)，較為密封(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)室內(nei)環(huan)境所致。“關上”子(zi)站室內(nei)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升高(gao)最(zui)終(zhong)造(zao)成了儀(yi)器工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)正常(chang)(chang)。

分(fen)析了故障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)，我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)認為只要(yao)廢(fei)氣(qi)得以及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)排(pai)出，溫(wen)度(du)升(sheng)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題就能(neng)解(jie)決(jue)，溫(wen)度(du)降(jiang)低了，儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行不(bu)正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象也可解(jie)決(jue)了。于是(shi)我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)決(jue)定對(dui)關上子(zi)站進(jin)行改造。考慮(lv)到(dao)儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)每次產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)氣(qi)量并(bing)不(bu)是(shi)很大，溫(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)高只是(shi)累積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果，因(yin)此我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)決(jue)定采用分(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)段排(pai)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)這也能(neng)滿足(zu)站房相對(dui)密封的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。為實(shi)現(xian)分(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)，我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)買來了10段定時(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)，該(gai)(gai)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)能(neng)分(fen)別對(dui)被控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)進(jin)行一(yi)天10次開(kai)關控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，被控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)選(xuan)用了換(huan)氣(qi)扇，該(gai)(gai)換(huan)氣(qi)扇工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)平時(shi)(shi)(shi)關閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扇片將(jiang)(jiang)被打開(kai)，而停止工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)則處于關閉狀態(tai)，安裝后，該(gai)(gai)套設備便(bian)投入了使用。針對(dui)昆明氣(qi)候的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點，我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)將(jiang)(jiang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)下午開(kai)啟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)次數增多，每次運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行15分(fen)鐘。改造運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行至今(jin)，關上子(zi)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)始終能(neng)維持在一(yi)個相對(dui)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍內，儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行也恢(hui)復了正常，運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行結(jie)果證明我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改造是(shi)成功的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

3 結論

綜上(shang)所述(shu)，“電(dian)源”和(he)“站(zhan)(zhan)房(fang)(fang)環(huan)境”在(zai)大氣自動站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常運行(xing)(xing)中已占(zhan)到(dao)了非常重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置。特別是其(qi)中容(rong)易被忽(hu)視的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣噪聲干擾，由于(yu)其(qi)特殊性和(he)隱蔽性，我們很難將(jiang)故障的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生與之相(xiang)聯系(xi)，前文中所述(shu)問題發(fa)生到(dao)解決的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程使我們深刻認識到(dao)，只有(you)遵循相(xiang)關(guan)規范才能從根本上(shang)最大限(xian)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)杜(du)絕它的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生：“站(zhan)(zhan)房(fang)(fang)環(huan)境”是否達到(dao)儀器(qi)(qi)正(zheng)常運行(xing)(xing)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，這也可(ke)能影響(xiang)(xiang)到(dao)儀器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常運行(xing)(xing)，通(tong)過對(dui)站(zhan)(zhan)房(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)適當(dang)改造(zao)，使子站(zhan)(zhan)內(nei)部環(huan)境近(jin)可(ke)能滿足儀器(qi)(qi)正(zheng)常運行(xing)(xing)時環(huan)境要(yao)求，將(jiang)能有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)減(jian)少環(huan)境因素對(dui)儀器(qi)(qi)造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)，也能降低儀器(qi)(qi)發(fa)生故障的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會。

參考文獻

[1]錢(qian)照明，程肇基(ji)． 電力電子(zi)系統電磁兼容設計(ji)基(ji)礎及干擾抑制技術．浙江(jiang)大學出版社．

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