醬油廢水(shui)有機物(wu)濃度和色(se)(se)度都非常高，成分(fen)復(fu)雜，水(shui)質不穩定，生(sheng)(sheng)化處理工藝污泥(ni)產量高，是(shi)(shi)難(nan)處理的工業廢水(shui)，采(cai)用單一好氧(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)處理工藝很難(nan)達標。目前(qian)，通(tong)常采(cai)用的是(shi)(shi)物(wu)理、化學(xue)和生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)化學(xue)法(fa)的組合(he)工藝，但色(se)(se)度的去除污泥(ni)的處置仍是(shi)(shi)難(nan)點。處理效率高，流程(cheng)簡單是(shi)(shi)醬油廢水(shui)處理技術的發(fa)展趨勢。

醬油工業廢水處(chu)理(li)方法(fa)(fa)按照作(zuo)用(yong)原理(li)可(ke)以分為物(wu)理(li)法(fa)(fa)、化學法(fa)(fa)和生物(wu)化學法(fa)(fa)3大類(lei)。

(1)物理法。醬油工業廢水處理的物理方法有篩濾、撇除、調節、沉淀、氣浮、離心分離、過濾、微濾等。前
5種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于預(yu)(yu)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)或一級處理(li)(li)(li)(li)，后3種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于深度(du)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)。篩濾是預(yu)(yu)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)最廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa)，從廢水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)分離(li)出顆徑較大的(de)(de)分散性懸(xuan)浮固(gu)體；撇除(chu)法(fa)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)消(xiao)除(chu)油(you)(you)脂對(dui)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)設備的(de)(de)腐蝕(shi)和出水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)影響，有(you)利于對(dui)油(you)(you)脂的(de)(de)回(hui)收，醬(jiang)(jiang)油(you)(you)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)變(bian)化(hua)幅度(du)很大，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)調節(jie)池可(ke)(ke)以(yi)調節(jie)其(qi)變(bian)化(hua)幅度(du)；沉淀用(yong)(yong)(yong)于廢水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)無機固(gu)體物和有(you)機固(gu)體物，分離(li)生(sheng)物處理(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)固(gu)相和液(ye)相；氣浮法(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于去除(chu)醬(jiang)(jiang)油(you)(you)廢水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)乳化(hua)油(you)(you)、一些活性物質(zhi)(zhi)和其(qi)它(ta)懸(xuan)浮物。如果要(yao)對(dui)廢水(shui)(shui)進行深度(du)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)這3種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)物理(li)(li)(li)(li)法(fa)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)成本低，但是無法(fa)單獨(du)使(shi)出水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)達(da)到(dao)要(yao)求(qiu)，只能作為輔助工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。

(2)化(hua)(hua)學法中(zhong)和法、氧化(hua)(hua)還原法、混(hun)凝法、離(li)子交換法、膜分離(li)法都屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)化(hua)(hua)學處理(li)法。在醬油工(gong)(gong)業廢水處理(li)中(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)應用(yong)混(hun)凝法，要(yao)與物理(li)法中(zhong)的沉淀(dian)法、氣浮(fu)法結合使用(yong)構成(cheng)混(hun)凝沉淀(dian)、混(hun)凝氣浮(fu)。化(hua)(hua)學處理(li)工(gong)(gong)藝主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)去除(chu)水中(zhong)的細微懸(xuan)浮(fu)物和膠(jiao)體(ti)雜質。化(hua)(hua)學法處理(li)效(xiao)果好，但是成(cheng)本高，企業難承受，廢水處理(li)率降低，所(suo)添加的化(hua)(hua)學藥劑會形成(cheng)新的污染，不利于(yu)(yu)廣泛推廣。

(3)生物化學法(fa)。醬油(you)廢水(shui)生物處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)技術是利用水(shui)中微(wei)生物的(de)(de)代謝特(te)性，對醬油(you)廢水(shui)中有機污染物進行分(fen)解(jie)。生物處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)好氧工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、厭氧工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、穩定塘(tang)、土地處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，以及上述工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝結合形成的(de)(de)各(ge)種工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝組合。醬油(you)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業廢水(shui)是高濃(nong)度有機廢水(shui)，利用生化法(fa)做為(wei)二級處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，主要降解(jie)COD和BOD5。生化法(fa)具有成本低、處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)效果好、抗沖(chong)擊(ji)負荷能力強、處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)水(shui)量大的(de)(de)優點(dian)。

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