天津市道路交通噪聲污染狀況淺析
環(huan)境(jing)噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)污(wu)染(ran)干擾人們的正常工作、生活和休息，嚴重時(shi)甚(shen)至(zhi)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)人們的身(shen)體健康。道路交(jiao)(jiao)通噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)天津(jin)市聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)環(huan)境(jing)質量的主要因素之(zhi)一。天津(jin)市城市環(huan)境(jing)噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)污(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)(yuan)調查結果表明，道路交(jiao)(jiao)通噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)源(yuan)(yuan)占(zhan)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)源(yuan)(yuan)總數(shu)的25%左右，僅次于(yu)社(she)會生活噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)源(yuan)(yuan)，但其平均聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級較高，嚴重影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)城市聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)環(huan)境(jing)質量。交(jiao)(jiao)通噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對交(jiao)(jiao)通干線兩測居民(min)人居環(huan)境(jing)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)的特點是(shi)，干擾時(shi)間長(chang)、污(wu)染(ran)面廣、噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級別較高。同時(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)污(wu)染(ran)問題(ti)反映一個城市的文明程度和交(jiao)(jiao)通管理水(shui)平的高低，是(shi)城市噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)污(wu)染(ran)防治的重點。
1 天(tian)津市道(dao)路(lu)交通(tong)噪聲污染狀況
天(tian)津(jin)是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)四(si)大(da)直轄市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之一，公(gong)(gong)路四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)八達，京(jing)塘、京(jing)哈、津(jin)榆、京(jing)福、京(jing)淄、京(jing)同6條國(guo)家級公(gong)(gong)路途經(jing)天(tian)津(jin)，溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)了天(tian)津(jin)與(yu)東北(bei)三省、華北(bei)大(da)部、浙江(jiang)、江(jiang)蘇、山東、廣東和福建(jian)(jian)(jian)各省區的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)路交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)往來。天(tian)津(jin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)區內(nei)將建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)繼內(nei)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)線(xian)(xian)、中(zhong)(zhong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)線(xian)(xian)、外(wai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)線(xian)(xian)之后的(de)(de)第(di)四(si)條環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)線(xian)(xian)，這(zhe)第(di)四(si)條環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)線(xian)(xian)就是目前正(zheng)在(zai)加(jia)緊建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)區快速(su)路環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)線(xian)(xian)。該條環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)，不僅將使天(tian)津(jin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)路網(wang)更(geng)加(jia)完善，而且(qie)可以改善市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)擁擠(ji)的(de)(de)現狀(zhuang)，縮短中(zhong)(zhong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)外(wai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)時空(kong)距離，從而緩解這(zhe)兩條環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)線(xian)(xian)之間的(de)(de)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)壓力。天(tian)津(jin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機動車(che)保有量(liang)已超過一千萬(wan)輛[1]，未來增(zeng)長勢頭將更(geng)加(jia)猛(meng)進。近(jin)年來，天(tian)津(jin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)為我國(guo)“十一五”期間重(zhong)點(dian)發展(zhan)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)快速(su)發展(zhan)、社會(hui)穩(wen)定和諧、經(jing)濟跨越式(shi)增(zeng)長的(de)(de)同時，環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境保護工作(zuo)以鞏固環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境模范城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)績為基礎(chu)、以積極創建(jian)(jian)(jian)國(guo)家生態(tai)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、完成(cheng)宜(yi)居城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)目標不斷發展(zhan)進步。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過采(cai)取多種治理措施(shi)，大(da)力整頓交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)噪聲(sheng)(sheng)污染問題，有效地降(jiang)低(di)了道(dao)路交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)噪聲(sheng)(sheng)污染，隨著(zhu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境噪聲(sheng)(sheng)管理工作(zuo)日益加(jia)強(qiang)，近(jin)10年來城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)路交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)噪聲(sheng)(sheng)水平(ping)呈現逐步改善趨勢。天(tian)津(jin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境監測中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)對中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)城(cheng)區道(dao)路交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)噪聲(sheng)(sheng)監測結果見(jian)圖1：
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圖(tu)1 1998-2008年天津市道路交通(tong)噪聲(sheng)狀況
2 降低道路交(jiao)通噪聲污染所采取的(de)主要措施
交通(tong)干(gan)線噪聲(sheng)污(wu)染的治(zhi)理工作一直是(shi)天津市城(cheng)市噪聲(sheng)污(wu)染防治(zhi)工作的主要內容。近(jin)年來結合城(cheng)市整體(ti)功能改造、道路建設和綠化等工作，在防治(zhi)工作上從交通(tong)噪聲(sheng)“源(yuan)-途徑-受體(ti)”分層次(ci)采取了多(duo)方面(mian)措施。
2.1 噪聲源頭消(xiao)減
（1）加強城市道路建設
近年來，通過“硬件”建(jian)設(she)，有效緩解了交通堵(du)塞和(he)(he)噪(zao)(zao)聲污染(ran)問題：為進一步優化天津市(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)路(lu)網(wang)結構，天津市(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)部門加大了路(lu)網(wang)中(zhong)具有動脈功能的國、市(shi)(shi)干線(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)改造(zao)力(li)(li)度(du)和(he)(he)新(xin)建(jian)局部連接通道的力(li)(li)度(du)，幾(ji)十個重點公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)路(lu)橋(qiao)改擴建(jian)和(he)(he)大修工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)已全(quan)面(mian)完成，總(zong)里(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)達幾(ji)百(bai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。尤其是快速路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)大規模展開，新(xin)建(jian)、改建(jian)各類橋(qiao)梁(liang)50多座。新(xin)建(jian)和(he)(he)改造(zao)道路(lu)有效地(di)疏(shu)導了交通，緩解了車(che)流量(liang)的壓力(li)(li)。另外天津市(shi)(shi)加快地(di)鐵建(jian)設(she)，完善公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)汽車(che)線(xian)(xian)網(wang)，發(fa)揮出租(zu)車(che)在城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)交通中(zhong)的作用。“十一五(wu)”期間(jian)將建(jian)成地(di)鐵二、三號線(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)九號線(xian)(xian)，開工(gong)建(jian)設(she)四號線(xian)(xian)、五(wu)號線(xian)(xian)，到(dao)2010年累計實(shi)現軌(gui)道交通通車(che)總(zong)里(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)130km。以次降低(di)道路(lu)交通噪(zao)(zao)聲污染(ran)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)。
（2）開展暢通工程
在(zai)軟環境建設(she)(she)上，開展實(shi)施(shi)了(le)以交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)秩序整治為重(zhong)點的暢通(tong)(tong)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。主(zhu)要措施(shi)[2]：一是(shi)保障(zhang)路(lu)暢人(ren)安，天(tian)津交(jiao)警以嚴(yan)管街路(lu)為突破口，以嚴(yan)格的執法(fa)、規(gui)范(fan)的服務作(zuo)保障(zhang)；二(er)是(shi)嚴(yan)格糾正(zheng)自行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)和(he)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)違章(zhang)；三是(shi)加強(qiang)糾正(zheng)機動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)違章(zhang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為；四是(shi)逐步解決違章(zhang)占道問題(ti)；五是(shi)科學管理，建設(she)(she)單行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)道路(lu)、實(shi)施(shi)人(ren)車(che)(che)(che)分流(liu)、限(xian)制(zhi)大(da)型貨車(che)(che)(che)、農用三輪車(che)(che)(che)通(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等。交(jiao)管部門在(zai)優化(hua)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)網絡中，結(jie)合(he)暢通(tong)(tong)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)合(he)理限(xian)定道路(lu)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)流(liu)量，合(he)理實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)禁行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、單行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、環行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，為減少機動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)噪聲提(ti)供了(le)條件(jian)。另外實(shi)施(shi)公交(jiao)優先，建設(she)(she)一批人(ren)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)天(tian)橋，方便居(ju)民出行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。積極解決中心城(cheng)區停(ting)車(che)(che)(che)難問題(ti)，建設(she)(she)一批公共停(ting)車(che)(che)(che)設(she)(she)施(shi)。提(ti)高無障(zhang)礙設(she)(she)施(shi)水平。加強(qiang)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)秩序管理。搞(gao)好出租車(che)(che)(che)規(gui)范(fan)經營。
（3）淘汰破舊車輛
逐漸(jian)淘汰各種破(po)舊機動車(che)，尤(you)其是(shi)從2002年以來天津(jin)市更新淘汰了(le)所有破(po)舊公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)車(che)，2008年奧運會(hui)前，公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)集團購置(zhi)“國(guo)III”標準新型公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)車(che)7500部，改造(zao)在用車(che)輛(liang)(liang)1000部多，使所有公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)的排放標準、外觀(guan)形象(xiang)、安全性(xing)能等方面達到新車(che)標準。到2008年8月，天津(jin)市“國(guo)III”標準環(huan)保車(che)型比例(li)已超過(guo)50%，實現公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)車(che)在車(che)輛(liang)(liang)檔次(ci)、環(huan)保水(shui)平、外觀(guan)形象(xiang)上(shang)的歷史性(xing)變化(hua)，充(chong)分展(zhan)示(shi)天津(jin)城市發展(zhan)的新形象(xiang)。同時降低了(le)公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)車(che)運營噪聲(sheng)對環(huan)境(jing)的污染。
（4）開展(zhan)機動(dong)車禁(jin)鳴和限(xian)制高噪(zao)聲機動(dong)車通行工作
1998年(nian)天津(jin)(jin)(jin)市發布(bu)了《關于(yu)在我市部分道(dao)路晝(zhou)夜禁(jin)止(zhi)機動(dong)車(che)輛鳴喇叭的通(tong)(tong)告》（津(jin)(jin)(jin)公(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)[1998]516號）和《關于(yu)在塘沽、漢沽、大港三(san)區部分道(dao)路禁(jin)止(zhi)機動(dong)車(che)輛晝(zhou)夜鳴喇叭的通(tong)(tong)告》（津(jin)(jin)(jin)公(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)[1998]662號），天津(jin)(jin)(jin)市環保局、天津(jin)(jin)(jin)市公(gong)安交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)管(guan)部門大力規范交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)秩序，整治(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)噪聲。為天津(jin)(jin)(jin)市交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)噪聲的管(guan)理工作提供了法律(lv)依據和可(ke)靠保障。
2.2 控(kong)制交通噪聲的傳播(bo)
（1）合(he)理設計道路(lu)結構
當道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)表面(mian)位于與(yu)周圍(wei)環(huan)境地(di)面(mian)同一(yi)高(gao)度時(shi)，由于交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)毫不遮擋地(di)向外(wai)傳播，交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)對道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)附近居民影響很大。而采(cai)用挖方(fang)、填方(fang)或高(gao)架(jia)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，即(ji)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)表面(mian)低(di)于或高(gao)于道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)周圍(wei)地(di)面(mian)時(shi)，從道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)上放射出的(de)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)可(ke)能(neng)被坡(po)頂、路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)肩或側(ce)墻所遮攔和吸(xi)收，使之有(you)一(yi)定的(de)衰減(jian)(jian)。高(gao)架(jia)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)結構可(ke)在(zai)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)附近形(xing)成一(yi)無直達聲(sheng)(sheng)的(de)陰影區(qu)，使該區(qu)域內的(de)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)大為(wei)衰減(jian)(jian)。當道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)表面(mian)提升至距周圍(wei)地(di)面(mian)6m時(shi)，在(zai)距公路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)15m處(chu)的(de)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)較同樣交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)條(tiao)件下(xia)的(de)與(yu)地(di)面(mian)平齊路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)該處(chu)形(xing)成的(de)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)約衰減(jian)(jian)8dB；在(zai)30m處(chu)和其以外(wai)區(qu)域，該衰減(jian)(jian)量約為(wei)3dB[3]。天津市多條(tiao)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)尤其是快速路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)多條(tiao)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)較大或對兩側(ce)居民影響較大的(de)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)段均采(cai)取高(gao)架(jia)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)形(xing)式，以減(jian)(jian)輕交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)的(de)影響。
（2）適當應用(yong)聲屏(ping)障
采用(yong)(yong)(yong)構(gou)筑(zhu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)屏(ping)(ping)障(zhang)的方式來降(jiang)低(di)公路交通(tong)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是目前應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)比較廣泛的降(jiang)噪(zao)方式。聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)屏(ping)(ping)障(zhang)降(jiang)噪(zao)主要是通(tong)過聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)屏(ping)(ping)障(zhang)材料對聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波進行(xing)吸收、反(fan)射等(deng)一系(xi)列物(wu)理反(fan)應(ying)來降(jiang)低(di)噪(zao)音，據測試采用(yong)(yong)(yong)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)屏(ping)(ping)障(zhang)降(jiang)噪(zao)效果(guo)可達10 dB以上。聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)屏(ping)(ping)障(zhang)按(an)其(qi)結構(gou)外形可分(fen)為(wei)：直壁(bi)式、圓弧式；按(an)降(jiang)噪(zao)方式可分(fen)為(wei)：吸收型(xing)(xing)(xing)、反(fan)射型(xing)(xing)(xing)、吸收-反(fan)射復(fu)(fu)合型(xing)(xing)(xing)；按(an)其(qi)材質可分(fen)為(wei)：輕(qing)質復(fu)(fu)合材料、化工(gong)材料等(deng)等(deng)。天津市快速路兩側、順(shun)馳橋等(deng)多個(ge)公路路段(duan)；輕(qing)軌、地(di)(di)鐵(tie)地(di)(di)面上路段(duan)及(ji)多條高速公路兩側均安(an)裝了許多各(ge)種類型(xing)(xing)(xing)的聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)屏(ping)(ping)障(zhang)，經(jing)監測降(jiang)噪(zao)效果(guo)在(zai)3-10 dB之間。
（3）加強公路(lu)沿(yan)線的綠化工作
樹木(mu)及(ji)綠化(hua)(hua)植物形成的(de)綠化(hua)(hua)帶(dai)，能有效降(jiang)(jiang)低噪(zao)(zao)聲：通過樹木(mu)枝(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)搖擺和樹葉(xie)(xie)千變(bian)萬化(hua)(hua)的(de)生(sheng)長方向來消弱噪(zao)(zao)聲的(de)傳播，路(lu)邊的(de)草皮可以減少噪(zao)(zao)聲的(de)反射(she)，從而(er)衰減交通噪(zao)(zao)聲。天(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)市政(zheng)府(fu)非常重視綠化(hua)(hua)工作，2006年天(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)市建城區綠化(hua)(hua)覆蓋(gai)率達到37%，借助2008年北京奧(ao)運會召開的(de)東(dong)風，天(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)市政(zheng)府(fu)把園林綠化(hua)(hua)作為為人民群(qun)眾辦實事工作，使(shi)天(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)城市綠化(hua)(hua)上(shang)了(le)新的(de)臺階，為降(jiang)(jiang)低交通噪(zao)(zao)聲起到了(le)一定(ding)的(de)作用。另外(wai)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)薊、京沈、唐津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、丹拉(la)、津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)保(bao)、京滬高(gao)速(su)(su)、京津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)塘等多條高(gao)速(su)(su)公路(lu)已(yi)實現綜(zong)合(he)綠化(hua)(hua)，使(shi)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)門高(gao)速(su)(su)公路(lu)兩側的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護帶(dai)，綠色(se)產(chan)業(ye)帶(dai)呈(cheng)現出立(li)體、綜(zong)合(he)生(sheng)態(tai)網絡的(de)基本(ben)框架(jia)。
2.3 以(yi)人為本，采(cai)取敏感建筑物噪聲防護(hu)，降低交通噪聲影響
（1）建筑物合理(li)布局
道(dao)路(lu)沿線兩側第一排(pai)可設置(zhi)一些噪聲(sheng)標準要求不高(gao)的公(gong)共設施，如商(shang)店、娛(yu)樂場所等。減少(shao)垂直于道(dao)路(lu)布置(zhi)建筑物，采用沿道(dao)路(lu)方向平行(xing)布置(zhi)，以(yi)降低交通(tong)噪聲(sheng)對(dui)周圍環境(jing)的影響。
（2）調整房(fang)間(jian)使用功能
對于鄰近道(dao)路的噪(zao)聲敏感(gan)建(jian)筑物，要合(he)理安排房(fang)間使用功能，以減少交通噪(zao)聲干擾。如：居民(min)住宅在面向道(dao)路一側盡量布置廚(chu)房(fang)或衛生間等非居住用房(fang)間。
（3）建筑隔聲
對于有的交(jiao)通設(she)施采(cai)取工程(cheng)降噪措施從經濟角度(du)不可行，造成(cheng)交(jiao)通線路兩側噪聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)敏(min)感建(jian)筑物(wu)戶外環境噪聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)超(chao)標，可通過設(she)置(zhi)封閉(bi)陽臺和外廊及采(cai)取有效的建(jian)筑隔聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)措施（如隔聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)門窗）等方法，保(bao)證室內適宜(yi)的聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)環境質量。
3結 語
交(jiao)通(tong)噪(zao)聲(sheng)是環(huan)境噪(zao)聲(sheng)的(de)重要來源，為改(gai)善環(huan)境條件，就(jiu)必須控制(zhi)交(jiao)通(tong)噪(zao)聲(sheng)的(de)形成和傳播。交(jiao)通(tong)噪(zao)聲(sheng)形成和傳播與很多因素有關，交(jiao)通(tong)噪(zao)聲(sheng)控制(zhi)是一項既(ji)(ji)復(fu)雜又(you)十分困難的(de)工作。降噪(zao)方(fang)法既(ji)(ji)包含汽車設計、道路(lu)規(gui)(gui)劃、城市規(gui)(gui)劃與建設工作，又(you)包含汽車使用、交(jiao)通(tong)管理及國家宏觀控制(zhi)等工作，具(ju)體的(de)方(fang)法方(fang)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)面(mian)(mian)，涉及單位(wei)很多。
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