記者童思娜 佛(fo)山(shan)(shan)工(gong)地揚(yang)塵也要收排污(wu)費了(le)。近日，市(shi)環保局(ju)出臺《佛(fo)山(shan)(shan)市(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)地揚(yang)塵排污(wu)費征收管(guan)理(li)試(shi)行辦(ban)法(fa)(征求意見稿)》，公開(kai)征詢社會意見。佛(fo)山(shan)(shan)將對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)期9 0天以(yi)上(含(han)9 0天)等(deng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)地征收揚(yang)塵排污(wu)費，擬(ni)定每四(si)千克揚(yang)塵征收0 .6元，揚(yang)塵費用由工(gong)程建設(she)單位負責繳納(na)。

繳費對象：工(gong)期90天以上的(de)三類工(gong)地

市環保(bao)局介紹(shao)，從歷年(nian)空(kong)氣監測(ce)看，佛山空(kong)氣質(zhi)量(liang)逐年(nian)好轉(zhuan)，但可吸入顆(ke)粒(li)物(PM 10)、細(xi)顆(ke)粒(li)物(PM 2.5)、臭氧污染仍(reng)較嚴重，除工業排放和機動(dong)車尾(wei)氣污染外(wai)，快速的城市化(hua)建設導(dao)致道路揚(yang)塵(chen)、施工揚(yang)塵(chen)增多，是(shi)重要原因之(zhi)一。

為控(kong)制(zhi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)揚塵(chen)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)，改善大氣環境質量，佛山(shan)市(shi)內(nei)所有進行(xing)建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、市(shi)政工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(含軌道交通工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng))、拆(chai)遷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(含拆(chai)除(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng))、公路施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、市(shi)政開挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)等施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)活動，并(bing)產生揚塵(chen)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(農村自建(jian)(jian)住(zhu)(zhu)宅除(chu)外)，如(ru)果符合以(yi)下(xia)三(san)個條件(jian)之一將納(na)入揚塵(chen)排污(wu)(wu)(wu)費征收(shou)范圍(wei)：工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期90天(tian)(tian)以(yi)上(shang)(含90天(tian)(tian))的(de)(de);施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)點100米半徑范圍(wei)內(nei)有居民(min)住(zhu)(zhu)宅，且(qie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期為30天(tian)(tian)以(yi)上(shang)(含30天(tian)(tian))的(de)(de);施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)屬于(yu)拆(chai)除(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)。

揚(yang)塵(chen)排(pai)污費(fei)(fei)(fei)由(you)工(gong)程建設單位負責繳納。建設單位除繳納揚(yang)塵(chen)排(pai)污費(fei)(fei)(fei)外，還應當根據施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)周期、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)面積、揚(yang)塵(chen)排(pai)放系數，向施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位提供施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)地揚(yang)塵(chen)控制措施(shi)(shi)(shi)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)，并(bing)將其(qi)作為不可競爭費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)列入工(gong)程概(預(yu))算。

拆遷工地排放(fang)系數最(zui)大(da)

那么(me)揚塵排(pai)(pai)污費(fei)如何計(ji)算呢?辦法(fa)提出，按照(zhao)《排(pai)(pai)污費(fei)征(zheng)收(shou)標準管(guan)理辦法(fa)》規定，廢氣排(pai)(pai)污費(fei)按排(pai)(pai)污者排(pai)(pai)放污染(ran)物的種類、數量以污染(ran)當量計(ji)算征(zheng)收(shou)，每(mei)一污染(ran)當量征(zheng)收(shou)標準為(wei)0 .6元(yuan)，其中一般性粉塵當量值為(wei)四(si)千(qian)克。揚塵排(pai)(pai)污費(fei)總(zong)額(e)=征(zheng)收(shou)標準×揚塵污染(ran)排(pai)(pai)放量÷當量值。

其(qi)中揚塵(chen)(chen)(chen)排(pai)放(fang)量核定(ding)按(an)物料(liao)衡算方法進行，即(ji)根(gen)據建筑(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(市(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)地(di)按(an)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji))、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)期和(he)采取的揚塵(chen)(chen)(chen)污(wu)染控制措施(shi)，按(an)基本排(pai)放(fang)量和(he)可控排(pai)放(fang)量分別計算。不同工(gong)(gong)地(di)類型(xing)有不同的揚塵(chen)(chen)(chen)排(pai)放(fang)系數，其(qi)中拆(chai)遷工(gong)(gong)地(di)的排(pai)放(fang)系數最大，為(wei)(wei)24.2噸(dun)/萬平方米·月(yue)(yue)。其(qi)次為(wei)(wei)市(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)地(di)，6.60噸(dun)/萬平方米·月(yue)(yue)。建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)地(di)則為(wei)(wei)4.8噸(dun)/萬平方米·月(yue)(yue)。

而(er)工(gong)地(di)揚(yang)塵(chen)污染控(kong)(kong)制措施(shi)(shi)(shi)是否到(dao)位，也會影(ying)響排污費。例如建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)地(di)，其揚(yang)塵(chen)污染控(kong)(kong)制措施(shi)(shi)(shi)包(bao)括(kuo)道路(lu)硬化管理;圍擋高度(du)不低于1.8米(mi)(臨(lin)街建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)地(di)不低于2米(mi));施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)期(qi)間，應(ying)在工(gong)地(di)建筑(zhu)(zhu)結構腳手架外側設(she)置有效抑塵(chen)的(de)密目防(fang)塵(chen)網或防(fang)塵(chen)布。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場內裸置3個月以上的(de)土(tu)地(di)，應(ying)當(dang)采取綠化措施(shi)(shi)(shi);裸置3個月以下的(de)土(tu)地(di)，應(ying)當(dang)采取覆(fu)蓋、壓(ya)實(shi)(shi)、灑水(shui)等(deng)壓(ya)塵(chen)措施(shi)(shi)(shi);以及運輸(shu)車(che)輛機械沖洗裝置等(deng)。若這些控(kong)(kong)制措施(shi)(shi)(shi)達(da)標，則揚(yang)塵(chen)可控(kong)(kong)排放系數較小，若不到(dao)位，則系數變大。辦法規定，區(qu)級環保(bao)部門應(ying)引入第三方監理服務機構，協助環保(bao)部門現場采集施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)地(di)防(fang)揚(yang)塵(chen)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)情況。

寧繳費，不控塵?

據了解，沈陽、南京、大連(lian)等城市先后收取揚(yang)(yang)(yang)塵(chen)(chen)排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)費。揚(yang)(yang)(yang)塵(chen)(chen)排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)治理取得一(yi)(yi)(yi)定成(cheng)效，但(dan)也(ye)存在(zai)不少問題。一(yi)(yi)(yi)些城市揚(yang)(yang)(yang)塵(chen)(chen)排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)費的標準較低，對企(qi)業起不到(dao)經濟調控(kong)的作用，也(ye)可能出現(xian)(xian)鼓勵排(pai)放多收費的現(xian)(xian)象。南京此前(qian)揚(yang)(yang)(yang)塵(chen)(chen)排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)費標準一(yi)(yi)(yi)度為(wei)0 .24元/平方米·月，低于一(yi)(yi)(yi)般施工(gong)工(gong)地(di)的實際治理成(cheng)本，企(qi)業違(wei)法成(cheng)本不高，工(gong)地(di)寧愿交錢排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)，也(ye)不愿治污(wu)(wu)(wu)。

按(an)照(zhao)佛(fo)山的征收辦法，以(yi)建(jian)筑工(gong)地為(wei)例，假設某建(jian)筑工(gong)程建(jian)筑面積(ji)為(wei)10萬平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)，施(shi)工(gong)期(qi)為(wei)12個(ge)(ge)月。南都記者根據辦法計算，若其(qi)揚塵(chen)污(wu)染控制(zhi)措施(shi)全部(bu)做到位的情況下，其(qi)揚塵(chen)排污(wu)費總額為(wei)114300元，平(ping)(ping)均一個(ge)(ge)月約9525元。若其(qi)沒有任何揚塵(chen)污(wu)染控制(zhi)措施(shi)，那么其(qi)揚塵(chen)排污(wu)費總額為(wei)181800元，平(ping)(ping)均一個(ge)(ge)月約15150元。有工(gong)地表示，每年要花(hua)100多萬元用于控塵(chen)，相比(bi)之(zhi)下，揚塵(chen)排污(wu)費反(fan)而少得(de)多，也(ye)不(bu)排除一些工(gong)地寧愿交(jiao)排污(wu)費也(ye)不(bu)治污(wu)的可能性。

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