8月24日，中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯發(fa)(fa)布《中國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)業年(nian)度發(fa)(fa)展報告2016》。《發(fa)(fa)展報告》顯示(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)業在2015年(nian)呈(cheng)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)供應(ying)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)增強、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)結構繼續(xu)優化(hua)、非化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量持續(xu)快(kuai)速增長、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)生(sheng)產運行(xing)安全可靠、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)供需進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)寬松、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)裝(zhuang)備和科技水平進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)提升、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)企業經營狀況較好等發(fa)(fa)展態(tai)勢。

電力大氣污染物排放驟降(jiang)

 《發(fa)展(zhan)報(bao)告》顯示，截(jie)至(zhi)2015年(nian)底，全國已投(tou)運火電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)煙氣(qi)脫(tuo)硫(liu)機組容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)約8.2億(yi)千瓦(wa)，占全國煤電(dian)(dian)機組容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)91.20%；已投(tou)運火電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)煙氣(qi)脫(tuo)硝機組容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)約8.5億(yi)千瓦(wa)，占全國火電(dian)(dian)機組容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)84.53%。從污染物(wu)(wu)排(pai)放(fang)量(liang)(liang)上看，2015年(nian)電(dian)(dian)力行(xing)業煙塵、二氧化硫(liu)、氮(dan)氧化物(wu)(wu)三種常規大氣(qi)污染物(wu)(wu)合計排(pai)放(fang)量(liang)(liang)約420萬噸，同(tong)比(bi)大幅(fu)減少68.6%。

其中(zhong)，全國電(dian)力(li)煙(yan)塵排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)量約為40萬噸，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)59.2%，單(dan)位(wei)火電(dian)發(fa)電(dian)量煙(yan)塵排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)量0.09克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)0.14克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)。全國電(dian)力(li)二(er)氧化(hua)(hua)硫排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)約200萬噸，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)約67.7%，單(dan)位(wei)火電(dian)發(fa)電(dian)量二(er)氧化(hua)(hua)硫排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)量約為0.47克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)1克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)。電(dian)力(li)氮氧化(hua)(hua)物(wu)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)約180萬噸，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)約71.0%，單(dan)位(wei)火電(dian)發(fa)電(dian)量氮氧化(hua)(hua)物(wu)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)量約0.43克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)1.04克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)。

另外，在耗水方面，全國火電(dian)廠單(dan)位發電(dian)量(liang)(liang)耗水量(liang)(liang)1.4千(qian)(qian)(qian)克/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，比(bi)上年降(jiang)低0.2千(qian)(qian)(qian)克/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)；單(dan)位發電(dian)量(liang)(liang)廢水排放量(liang)(liang)0.07千(qian)(qian)(qian)克/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，比(bi)上年降(jiang)低0.01千(qian)(qian)(qian)克/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。

非化石能源裝機比重升至34.83%

整體來看，受核電、風電、太(tai)陽能發(fa)(fa)電新(xin)投產規模(mo)創年(nian)(nian)度新(xin)高(gao)的拉(la)動作用，2015年(nian)(nian)全國(guo)電源結構繼續優化(hua)。《發(fa)(fa)展報告》顯示，截至2015年(nian)(nian)底，全國(guo)全口徑發(fa)(fa)電裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量152527萬千(qian)瓦，其(qi)中(zhong)，水(shui)電、核電、并(bing)網(wang)風電、并(bing)網(wang)太(tai)陽能發(fa)(fa)電等非化(hua)石能源裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量占比(bi)(bi)為(wei)34.83%、比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)(nian)提高(gao)1.73個(ge)百分(fen)點，火電裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量占全國(guo)發(fa)(fa)電裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量的比(bi)(bi)重為(wei)65.92%，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)低1.69個(ge)百分(fen)點；其(qi)中(zhong)煤電裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量占全國(guo)發(fa)(fa)電裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量的比(bi)(bi)重為(wei)59.01%，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)低1.73個(ge)百分(fen)點。

同時，2015年中(zhong)電聯對全(quan)國97033萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦火電機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)統計調查顯示：全(quan)國火電機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)平均單機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量12.89萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年增加0.4萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦；火電大容(rong)量高(gao)參數高(gao)效機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)比(bi)(bi)重繼續提高(gao)，全(quan)國百萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦容(rong)量等級機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)已達86臺，60萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦及以(yi)上(shang)火電機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)容(rong)量所占比(bi)(bi)重達到42.91%，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年提高(gao)1.4個百分點(dian)。

在能耗指標(biao)方面(mian)，電(dian)力行(xing)業也保(bao)持(chi)了繼續下(xia)降的態勢(shi)。2015年，全國6000千(qian)瓦及以上(shang)火(huo)電(dian)廠機(ji)組(zu)(zu)平(ping)均供電(dian)標(biao)準煤(mei)耗315克/千(qian)瓦時，比上(shang)年降低4克/千(qian)瓦時，煤(mei)電(dian)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)煤(mei)耗繼續保(bao)持(chi)世界先進水平(ping)；全國線路損失(shi)率為(wei)6.64%，與(yu)上(shang)年持(chi)平(ping)。

2015年用(yong)電(dian)量增速調整為0.96%

值得注意的(de)是，在中(zhong)電聯今年年初發(fa)布的(de)《2016年度全國電力(li)供需形勢分析預(yu)測報告》中(zhong)，2015年全國全社會(hui)用(yong)(yong)電量(liang)(liang)數(shu)據(ju)為(wei)5.55萬億(yi)千瓦(wa)時(shi)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)增長(chang)0.5%，增速(su)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)回落3.3個百分點。但(dan)此(ci)次(ci)《發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)報告》對于上(shang)述數(shu)據(ju)進行(xing)了(le)調整。《發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)報告》披露的(de)數(shu)據(ju)為(wei)：2015年，全國全社會(hui)用(yong)(yong)電量(liang)(liang)56933億(yi)千瓦(wa)時(shi)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)年僅增長(chang)0.96%，增速(su)比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)年降(jiang)低(di)3.18個百分點。不難看出，用(yong)(yong)電增速(su)較(jiao)(jiao)此(ci)前數(shu)據(ju)提高了(le)近一(yi)倍，但(dan)仍處在較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)水平。

其(qi)中，第一、三(san)產業和城鄉(xiang)居民生活用電量增(zeng)速均高于上年(nian)；而(er)第二產業用電量增(zeng)速大幅(fu)回落，自本世紀(ji)以來首度出現(xian)負增(zeng)長，是全社會(hui)用電低(di)速增(zeng)長的主(zhu)要原因。

具體來(lai)看，第(di)(di)一產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)1040億千(qian)瓦時，比(bi)上(shang)年增長2.55%；第(di)(di)二(er)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)41442億千(qian)瓦時，比(bi)上(shang)年下降0.79%，低于全(quan)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)增速(su)(su)(su)1.75個百分點(dian)，對全(quan)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)增長的貢(gong)獻率為-60.71%，其(qi)中黑色(se)(se)金(jin)屬冶煉及壓(ya)(ya)延加工業(ye)、有色(se)(se)金(jin)屬冶煉及壓(ya)(ya)延加工業(ye)、非金(jin)屬礦物制(zhi)品業(ye)和(he)化學原料(liao)及化學制(zhi)品業(ye)四大(da)高耗能(neng)行(xing)業(ye)合(he)計(ji)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)同比(bi)下降1.89%，增速(su)(su)(su)同比(bi)回(hui)(hui)落(luo)6.70個百分點(dian)，四大(da)高耗能(neng)行(xing)業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)快速(su)(su)(su)回(hui)(hui)落(luo)導致第(di)(di)二(er)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)乃至全(quan)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)增速(su)(su)(su)明(ming)顯放(fang)(fang)緩(huan)，四大(da)高耗能(neng)對電(dian)(dian)力消費增速(su)(su)(su)放(fang)(fang)緩(huan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生的影響明(ming)顯超過其(qi)對國內生產(chan)(chan)(chan)總值和(he)工業(ye)增加值波動的影響，這也是全(quan)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)增速(su)(su)(su)回(hui)(hui)落(luo)幅度大(da)于經濟增速(su)(su)(su)回(hui)(hui)落(luo)幅度的主要原因。

第三產業用(yong)(yong)電量(liang)7166億千瓦(wa)時，比(bi)上年(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)7.42%，對全社會用(yong)(yong)電量(liang)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)的貢獻(xian)率為91.64%；城(cheng)鄉居民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活用(yong)(yong)電量(liang)7285億千瓦(wa)時，比(bi)上年(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)5.01%，隨(sui)著我國城(cheng)鎮化以及家庭電氣化水(shui)平逐步(bu)提(ti)高(gao)，呈現出(chu)居民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活用(yong)(yong)電量(liang)穩步(bu)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)態勢。全國人均電力消費(fei)4142千瓦(wa)時。

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