聚焦蘇南鄉鎮工業園區廢水治理 為太湖流域水質改善助力
臭氧催化劑產品
高析氧電位管式膜電極
兩大技術體系構建圖
示范工程驗收現(xian)場
濕地,是(shi)自(zi)然的(de)(de)(de)贈與,是(shi)動植物的(de)(de)(de)樂土,被(bei)譽為地球之(zhi)腎。在江蘇常熟(shu)望虞河畔有一片(pian)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)濕地,水(shui)流(liu)清澈,魚兒擺尾(wei),野鴨暢游,高(gao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)蘆葦隨(sui)風(feng)舞(wu)動。這(zhe)看似平(ping)常的(de)(de)(de)畫面下(xia),藏著的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)國際領先(xian)的(de)(de)(de)工業污(wu)水(shui)生態(tai)化處理技術的(de)(de)(de)成功(gong)應(ying)用。
原來(lai),這(zhe)里就(jiu)是江蘇省常熟新材料產(chan)業(ye)(ye)園生(sheng)態濕(shi)地(di)(di)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)中(zhong)心(xin),是在引進消化吸收(shou)德國生(sheng)態處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)技術(shu)基礎上,建設(she)的以(yi)化工園區污水(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)廠尾(wei)水(shui)為處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)對象的人工濕(shi)地(di)(di),每(mei)天可處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)4000噸工業(ye)(ye)尾(wei)水(shui),不(bu)但實(shi)現出(chu)水(shui)水(shui)質指標由一級(ji)A標準(zhun)向(xiang)地(di)(di)表水(shui)Ⅳ類水(shui)標準(zhun)的提升,還(huan)實(shi)現了工業(ye)(ye)尾(wei)水(shui)的循環利用(yong)。更為難得的是,處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)中(zhong)心(xin)的生(sheng)態化運行,讓整個處(chu)(chu)置過程中(zhong)的水(shui)自然流動,利用(yong)植物(wu)和濾料層(ceng),運用(yong)物(wu)理(li)(li)、微生(sheng)物(wu)等手段去除污染物(wu),不(bu)添(tian)加(jia)任(ren)何化學藥劑(ji)。這(zhe)個人工打造的化工園區小濕(shi)地(di)(di),近年來(lai)吸引了大量(liang)野鴨、野鳥、黃(huang)鼬等野生(sheng)動物(wu)來(lai)這(zhe)里安家(jia)。
很(hen)多人有(you)這樣(yang)的疑問(wen):污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理廠的尾水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)明(ming)明(ming)已經(jing)達到一(yi)級A標準,為何還(huan)要在這里(li)建設(she)占地(di)6萬平方米的人工(gong)濕地(di)進行深(shen)度處(chu)理?原因(yin)是(shi),這里(li)緊鄰長(chang)江和(he)望虞河(he),望虞河(he)是(shi)太(tai)湖(hu)“引江濟太(tai)”的引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通道,其水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質對(dui)(dui)于太(tai)湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質有(you)著(zhu)直接(jie)影(ying)響。污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理廠尾水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)盡管已經(jing)達標排放,但仍為劣ⅴ類,對(dui)(dui)其進行深(shen)度處(chu)理并回用(yong)于工(gong)業水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)廠,可以(yi)有(you)效減(jian)少污染物(wu)排放、提(ti)升入河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質,對(dui)(dui)于保護長(chang)江、望虞河(he)和(he)太(tai)湖(hu)流(liu)域水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境質量,以(yi)及保護下游飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源地(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質安(an)全,都有(you)著(zhu)重要作用(yong)。
十(shi)年治(zhi)太,“水(shui)專(zhuan)項(xiang)”提升工業園區廢水(shui)治(zhi)理水(shui)平(ping)
太(tai)湖(hu)美(mei),美(mei)就(jiu)美(mei)在(zai)太(tai)湖(hu)水。江(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)省(sheng)環境(jing)科(ke)學研究(jiu)院(yuan)與(yu)(yu)蘇(su)州德華生態環境(jing)科(ke)技(ji)股(gu)份(fen)有(you)限公(gong)司(si)合作(zuo)建成(cheng)(cheng)的常(chang)熟(shu)新材料產(chan)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)生態濕地處理(li)中心(xin),是“十(shi)二(er)五”期(qi)間江(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)省(sheng)環境(jing)科(ke)學研究(jiu)院(yuan)承(cheng)擔的國家重(zhong)大(da)科(ke)技(ji)專項太(tai)湖(hu)項目“園(yuan)區化(hua)(hua)鄉鎮工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)廢(fei)水富(fu)營(ying)養污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)深度削(xue)減及資(zi)源化(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)套(tao)技(ji)術研究(jiu)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程示范課題”(2012ZX07101-003)成(cheng)(cheng)果的一個縮影。從化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、印染(ran)、造紙、IC行(xing)業(ye)(ye),到化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)區集中污(wu)水處理(li)廠,5年(nian)來,課題組針對江(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)省(sheng)南部(bu)獨特的產(chan)業(ye)(ye)特征和(he)太(tai)湖(hu)流域水質的高要求,通過反(fan)復研究(jiu)和(he)實踐,構建了(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)廢(fei)水中有(you)機氮磷(lin)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)高效深度去除(chu)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)廢(fei)水資(zi)源化(hua)(hua)利用兩(liang)大(da)技(ji)術體系,并在(zai)蘇(su)州、無錫、常(chang)州等(deng)地區多(duo)個鄉鎮工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區建設了(le)(le)六(liu)大(da)示范工(gong)(gong)(gong)程,有(you)效提升了(le)(le)太(tai)湖(hu)流域鄉鎮工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)的廢(fei)水治理(li)水平。
上世紀80年(nian)代初(chu),蘇(su)(su)州、無錫和常州等市通(tong)過發(fa)展鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)企業(ye)(ye)實(shi)現非農化發(fa)展。此后,蘇(su)(su)南(nan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)企業(ye)(ye)急(ji)速發(fa)展,地(di)區整體經濟水(shui)平(ping)在全國(guo)處于領先。這一發(fa)展模式引(yin)發(fa)了(le)廣泛關注,曾被著(zhu)名社會學家費孝通(tong)稱為(wei)“蘇(su)(su)南(nan)模式”。然而(er),經濟快速發(fa)展的背(bei)后,埋藏(zang)著(zhu)環(huan)境(jing)隱患,2007年(nian)太湖藍藻污(wu)染事件后,痛定思痛的蘇(su)(su)南(nan)人開始(shi)重(zhong)新審視發(fa)展路(lu)徑。繼而(er)出(chu)(chu)臺了(le)《太湖地(di)區城鎮(zhen)污(wu)水(shui)處理廠(chang)及(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)主要水(shui)污(wu)染物(wu)排放限值(zhi)》(DB32/1072-2007),對工(gong)業(ye)(ye)外排尾水(shui)的COD、氨氮、總磷、總氮的排放濃(nong)度限值(zhi)提出(chu)(chu)了(le)嚴格要求,十(shi)年(nian)治太之(zhi)路(lu)由此開啟。
此后,為(wei)了嚴(yan)格和強化管理(li)(li)(li),蘇南眾多(duo)鄉(xiang)鎮企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)過統籌,發展成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)鄉(xiang)鎮工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(集(ji)聚區(qu)(qu)),但化工(gong)(gong)(gong)、印染(ran)、造(zao)紙等(deng)傳(chuan)統產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)依然占(zhan)(zhan)了較大(da)比重,廢水(shui)排放(fang)量占(zhan)(zhan)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廢水(shui)排放(fang)總量的(de)(de)45%。據統計,蘇、錫、常3市規上(shang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)近兩萬(wan)家(jia),占(zhan)(zhan)全省40%,2015年工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)加值1.2萬(wan)億元,占(zhan)(zhan)全省36%,單位(wei)(wei)面積企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)數和工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)加值是全省的(de)(de)兩倍(bei)多(duo)、全國(guo)的(de)(de)28倍(bei)。如(ru)此龐大(da)的(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)數,加之(zhi)分散于各個鄉(xiang)鎮的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(集(ji)聚區(qu)(qu))與(yu)國(guo)家(jia)級、省級園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)相比,其(qi)規劃、管理(li)(li)(li)及產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)構成(cheng)(cheng)都存在一定的(de)(de)差距,如(ru)何(he)提(ti)升這些遍布蘇南地區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)管理(li)(li)(li)水(shui)平是不小(xiao)的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)難題,對太(tai)湖(hu)流域(yu)的(de)(de)水(shui)污(wu)染(ran)防(fang)治有(you)重要影響。正是出于這樣的(de)(de)考慮,江蘇省環(huan)(huan)境(jing)科學(xue)研究(jiu)院牽頭,自2012年啟動了“園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)化鄉(xiang)鎮工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廢水(shui)富營養污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)深度削減及資(zi)源(yuan)化成(cheng)(cheng)套技(ji)(ji)術(shu)研究(jiu)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程示范課題”,參與(yu)單位(wei)(wei)包括南京(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)大(da)學(xue)、南京(jing)(jing)大(da)學(xue)、河海大(da)學(xue)、北京(jing)(jing)國(guo)環(huan)(huan)清華環(huan)(huan)境(jing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程設(she)計研究(jiu)院有(you)限公司等(deng),圍繞進一步(bu)削減工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)污(wu)染(ran),實(shi)現太(tai)湖(hu)水(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)減負、修(xiu)復(fu)目標,研發關(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)術(shu),從前(qian)端防(fang)治、過程控制、末端處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)、長(chang)效管理(li)(li)(li)等(deng)環(huan)(huan)節系統優化技(ji)(ji)術(shu)方案,提(ti)升太(tai)湖(hu)流域(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廢水(shui)治理(li)(li)(li)水(shui)平。
攻堅(jian)克(ke)難,兩大技術體系助力太湖流域工業污染治理(li)
每年夏季,太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖的(de)藍藻情況都會引發公眾的(de)極大關(guan)切(qie)。雖然經(jing)過“十一(yi)五(wu)”治理,太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖流域(yu)工(gong)業(ye)廢水基(ji)本(ben)實(shi)現了(le)達(da)標(biao)排(pai)放(fang),其(qi)氮磷(lin)排(pai)放(fang)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)削減(jian)(jian)取得較好效果,但從(cong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖流域(yu)生態形勢(shi)來看,即(ji)使工(gong)業(ye)尾(wei)水氮磷(lin)實(shi)現達(da)標(biao)排(pai)放(fang),氮磷(lin)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)排(pai)放(fang)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)仍然過大,超出流域(yu)的(de)環境承載能力(li)。尤其(qi)是跟藻類(lei)生長關(guan)系相對(dui)密(mi)切(qie)的(de)氮、磷(lin)減(jian)(jian)排(pai)需求依然非(fei)常強烈。在此背景下,“十二五(wu)”水專項提出了(le)“減(jian)(jian)負、修復”目標(biao),一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)通過太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖流域(yu)的(de)產業(ye)結構調整,從(cong)源(yuan)頭上減(jian)(jian)少(shao)工(gong)業(ye)氮磷(lin)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)的(de)產生量(liang),另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)進(jin)一(yi)步提高工(gong)業(ye)尾(wei)水資源(yuan)化比例,削減(jian)(jian)廢水和氮磷(lin)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)排(pai)放(fang)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)。
為太湖“減負”,離不開工(gong)業廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)的(de)高效(xiao)處理和(he)回用(yong),尤其(qi)是工(gong)業廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)中富營養物(wu)(wu)(wu)質的(de)深度削減和(he)特(te)征有(you)(you)機(ji)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)安全解毒。而其(qi)中,難(nan)降解有(you)(you)機(ji)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多數(shu)具(ju)有(you)(you)化(hua)學結(jie)構(gou)穩定(ding)、疏水(shui)(shui)性強、生物(wu)(wu)(wu)毒性強的(de)特(te)點(dian),一直是制(zhi)約(yue)工(gong)業廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)穩定(ding)達(da)標的(de)重要因素和(he)技術難(nan)題。同(tong)時,難(nan)降解有(you)(you)機(ji)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)也是制(zhi)約(yue)雙(shuang)膜法應用(yong)于工(gong)業廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)的(de)主要問題,疏水(shui)(shui)性難(nan)降解有(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)與鈣、鎂(mei)等(deng)多價陽離子的(de)交互作用(yong),以(yi)及芳香蛋白、溶解性微生物(wu)(wu)(wu)副產物(wu)(wu)(wu)(SMPs)是膜污(wu)染(ran)的(de)主要成因。
為(wei)解決這一難題,課題組研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)人員(yuan)圍繞園區化(hua)鄉鎮工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)排(pai)放和低碳(tan)運行,依托化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)氮(dan)磷(lin)深度(du)削(xue)減(jian)成(cheng)套(tao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)、印染(ran)(ran)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)深度(du)處理(li)及回用(yong)成(cheng)套(tao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)、鄉鎮工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園污水(shui)(shui)(shui)廠尾水(shui)(shui)(shui)深度(du)處理(li)回用(yong)成(cheng)套(tao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)、高耗水(shui)(shui)(shui)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)減(jian)排(pai)成(cheng)套(tao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)、示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)區工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)污染(ran)(ran)負荷削(xue)減(jian)方案研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)等5個子課題的(de)(de)(de)深入研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu),最終形成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)機氮(dan)磷(lin)污染(ran)(ran)物(wu)高效深度(du)去除和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源化(hua)利用(yong)兩大(da)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)體(ti)系,這些(xie)(xie)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在宜興、金壇、常熟(shu)、無錫(xi)、蘇州等地6項示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong)得(de)到(dao)了系統和全(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong),有(you)機氮(dan)磷(lin)污染(ran)(ran)物(wu)高效深度(du)處理(li)規(gui)模達到(dao)了17000余(yu)噸/天(tian),中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源化(hua)回用(yong)規(gui)模達到(dao)12000余(yu)噸/天(tian),年削(xue)減(jian)COD、NH3、TN、TP、特征(zheng)污染(ran)(ran)物(wu)分別約612.03噸、11.85噸、90.98噸、5.92噸、0.11噸。這些(xie)(xie)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程點的(de)(de)(de)高效運轉(zhuan),以及以示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)為(wei)核心技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)殷村港小流域工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)污染(ran)(ran)綜合整治方案的(de)(de)(de)實施(shi),實現了加強太(tai)湖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)污染(ran)(ran)治理(li)的(de)(de)(de)初期(qi)目標。
針對性研發,水(shui)專項課題結出豐碩成果(guo)
太(tai)湖流域工業廢水種類繁復,不同(tong)類型企業排出廢水中的(de)難降解(jie)氮(dan)磷有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)物(wu)種類各異。為了更加(jia)高(gao)效地深(shen)度去除廢水中難降解(jie)氮(dan)磷有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)物(wu),課題組(zu)在(zai)研究氧化-還原(yuan)降解(jie)途徑的(de)基礎上(shang),面對(dui)不同(tong)種類的(de)污染物(wu),有(you)(you)針(zhen)對(dui)性的(de)開發出治(zhi)理技(ji)術。
針對氮(dan)雜環類(lei)、磷雜環類(lei)等(deng)主要以還(huan)原途徑降解(jie)的(de)污(wu)染物(wu)(wu),開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)場輔助生物(wu)(wu)驅動電(dian)(dian)化(hua)學降解(jie)技術(shu);針對飽和(he)烷烴、鹵代(dai)芳烴、微生物(wu)(wu)代(dai)謝(xie)產物(wu)(wu)等(deng)主要以氧(yang)化(hua)途徑降解(jie)的(de)污(wu)染物(wu)(wu),開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)臭氧(yang)催化(hua)氧(yang)化(hua)加上曝氣生物(wu)(wu)濾池(chi)耦合(he)技術(shu)、高(gao)析氧(yang)電(dian)(dian)位管式(shi)膜電(dian)(dian)極催化(hua)過濾技術(shu);針對印染廢水低(di)碳高(gao)氮(dan)特性,開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)基于揮發(fa)(fa)性脂肪酸控制的(de)厭氧(yang)高(gao)效氨化(hua)技術(shu)。技術(shu)涵蓋(gai)了太湖流域(yu)印染、化(hua)工(gong)等(deng)行業(ye),配合(he)工(gong)業(ye)廢水毒性鑒(jian)別、溯源和(he)削減評價(jia)技術(shu)平臺,構建覆蓋(gai)面(mian)廣、適用性強、經濟(ji)高(gao)效的(de)有機(ji)氮(dan)磷污(wu)染物(wu)(wu)高(gao)效深度去(qu)除技術(shu)體(ti)系。
雖(sui)然(ran)太(tai)湖(hu)流(liu)域水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源豐富(fu),但(dan)課(ke)題組在(zai)工(gong)業廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的資(zi)源化(hua)(hua)利用(yong)(yong)方面依然(ran)做(zuo)了深入(ru)探索。課(ke)題相(xiang)關負責(ze)人介紹,針對(dui)太(tai)湖(hu)流(liu)域工(gong)業廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)高端回(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)領域,膜(mo)分(fen)(fen)離技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)占據(ju)主流(liu)地位(wei)且膜(mo)污(wu)染(ran)成(cheng)(cheng)為相(xiang)關技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)應用(yong)(yong)瓶頸的現(xian)狀,在(zai)揭(jie)示(shi)印染(ran)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)與混(hun)合(he)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)膜(mo)污(wu)染(ran)不同成(cheng)(cheng)因的基礎上,分(fen)(fen)別開(kai)發以(yi)樹脂吸附(fu)和(he)強化(hua)(hua)預涂(tu)膜(mo)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)為核(he)心的膜(mo)污(wu)染(ran)前段控制(zhi)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu);針對(dui)限制(zhi)工(gong)業廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)低端回(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)的離子及(ji)(ji)有機物累積問(wen)題,開(kai)發電化(hua)(hua)學適度(du)除(chu)鹽、多梯度(du)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質回(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)、生態回(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)等技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)。在(zai)此基礎上,構建工(gong)業廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源化(hua)(hua)利用(yong)(yong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)體(ti)系(xi),同時(shi)配套相(xiang)應行業廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)深度(du)處(chu)理及(ji)(ji)資(zi)源化(hua)(hua)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)指南和(he)政策保障體(ti)系(xi),并在(zai)殷(yin)村港(gang)流(liu)域開(kai)展工(gong)業污(wu)染(ran)物負荷削(xue)減(jian)及(ji)(ji)污(wu)染(ran)源減(jian)排的技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)體(ti)系(xi)綜合(he)示(shi)范。
經過科研(yan)(yan)人員近5年的(de)共同努(nu)力,課題研(yan)(yan)究取得(de)了豐碩的(de)成果。共研(yan)(yan)發新產品、新裝置、新工藝、新技術(shu)等9項(xiang);申請國內外(wai)(wai)專利(li)35項(xiang),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)20項(xiang)發明專利(li)獲得(de)授權;發表(biao)核(he)心論文(wen)51篇(pian)(pian)(pian),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)SCI、EI論文(wen)34篇(pian)(pian)(pian),SCI一區12篇(pian)(pian)(pian)、二區5篇(pian)(pian)(pian),ESI高被引(yin)1篇(pian)(pian)(pian);編制(zhi)工業廢水深(shen)度處理及資源化(hua)技術(shu)指南4項(xiang)。此外(wai)(wai),示(shi)范技術(shu)在太(tai)湖流域(yu)以外(wai)(wai)也得(de)到了較好的(de)推(tui)廣應用,共建設推(tui)廣項(xiang)目14項(xiang),污(wu)水處理總(zong)規模超過10萬立(li)方米(mi),項(xiang)目所(suo)研(yan)(yan)發的(de)屹(yi)桐牌(pai)®臭氧催(cui)化(hua)劑銷(xiao)售(shou)超過2000立(li)方米(mi)。
整(zheng)體打包,系(xi)統提升企業污染控制與治理(li)水(shui)平
課題組(zu)在太湖流(liu)域蘇州、無錫、常州等多(duo)個(ge)鄉鎮工業園區建設了(le)六大示范工程,集成“難降(jiang)解氮磷化合(he)物高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)深度去(qu)除關鍵(jian)(jian)技術”、“工業廢水的資源化利用關鍵(jian)(jian)技術”兩(liang)大先進技術體系(xi)(xi)。此(ci)外,課題組(zu)通過引入“系(xi)(xi)統控制(zhi)理(li)論”,從(cong)前(qian)端防治(zhi)(zhi)、過程控制(zhi)、末端處理(li)、長效(xiao)(xiao)管理(li)等環節提(ti)出(chu)系(xi)(xi)統優化技術方案,整體提(ti)升了(le)企業污染控制(zhi)與治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)水平,真正實現示范企業的全(quan)面(mian)環保(bao)“變(bian)身”。
在宜(yi)興樂(le)祺(qi)紡(fang)織印(yin)染(ran)有限公司,通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)、節能、減(jian)排的(de)(de)清(qing)潔染(ran)整(zheng)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成技術(shu)的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong),降低(di)(di)了染(ran)整(zheng)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)能耗(hao)(hao)及水(shui)(shui)(shui)耗(hao)(hao),回(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)清(qing)潔液堿進而(er)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi),回(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)濃鹽降低(di)(di)鹽耗(hao)(hao)和(he)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)的(de)(de)TDS以提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)后(hou)續廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)可處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)性;通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)質(zhi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)集(ji)(ji)(ji)與針(zhen)對(dui)性預(yu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li),優化了印(yin)染(ran)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)質(zhi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)集(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)預(yu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)方(fang)法:印(yin)染(ran)殘(can)液采用(yong)(yong)(yong)Fenton氧(yang)(yang)化+混凝沉淀處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li),前處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)與染(ran)色廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)別收(shou)(shou)(shou)集(ji)(ji)(ji)并進行厭氧(yang)(yang)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li),利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)CO2替(ti)代硫酸對(dui)高(gao)(gao)pH印(yin)染(ran)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)進行中(zhong)和(he)預(yu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li),避免硫酸鹽引(yin)入對(dui)后(hou)續厭氧(yang)(yang)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)單(dan)元(yuan)的(de)(de)不利(li)影響,提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)厭氧(yang)(yang)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)效(xiao)率,并降低(di)(di)了預(yu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)成本(ben)。末(mo)端處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)方(fang)面,通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)控制厭氧(yang)(yang)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(VFAs)為缺氧(yang)(yang)反(fan)硝(xiao)化提(ti)(ti)(ti)供高(gao)(gao)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)碳源,提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)脫(tuo)氮(dan)效(xiao)果;通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)控制低(di)(di)氧(yang)(yang)條件,實現短程(cheng)硝(xiao)化反(fan)硝(xiao)化脫(tuo)氮(dan);通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)缺氧(yang)(yang)-好氧(yang)(yang)全程(cheng)硝(xiao)化反(fan)硝(xiao)化,實現多級生物(wu)脫(tuo)氮(dan),確保氨氮(dan)、總氮(dan)的(de)(de)有效(xiao)穩定去除。
位于常州市金壇區的(de)登冠(guan)農藥(yao)化(hua)工集(ji)中區有(you)5家農藥(yao)企業(ye)(ye)(ye),主要以(yi)(yi)環(huan)(huan)唑(zuo)(zuo)類(lei)殺(sha)菌劑為(wei)(wei)(wei)主導(dao)產(chan)(chan)品,其污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)廠(chang)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)規模(mo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1300噸/天。示(shi)范工程實(shi)施前,其出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)《江蘇省化(hua)學(xue)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)主要水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)標(biao)準(DB32/939-2006)》一級排(pai)放(fang)(fang)標(biao)準,廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中含環(huan)(huan)唑(zuo)(zuo)類(lei)等高(gao)毒性(xing)(xing)、難降(jiang)解(jie)有(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu),處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)難度大(da)(da),出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)很(hen)難保(bao)(bao)持穩定(ding)達標(biao)排(pai)放(fang)(fang),環(huan)(huan)唑(zuo)(zuo)類(lei)有(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)殘留量較高(gao),尾水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)毒性(xing)(xing)較大(da)(da),受納水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)存在潛在環(huan)(huan)境(jing)風險(xian)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)從(cong)整(zheng)體(ti)對(dui)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)優化(hua),課題組的(de)研究人員進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)系統調研,對(dui)這些企業(ye)(ye)(ye)“整(zheng)體(ti)打包”進(jin)行(xing)(xing)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)改造:在前端(duan)控(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)面(mian),采用縮短產(chan)(chan)品合成(cheng)路線(xian)、產(chan)(chan)品洗滌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)套用,減(jian)少(shao)了(le)特征污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)源強,污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)負荷(he)也(ye)削(xue)(xue)減(jian)了(le)50%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。另(ling)外,對(dui)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分質(zhi)收集(ji)和預處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),從(cong)源頭(tou)削(xue)(xue)減(jian)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)的(de)產(chan)(chan)生量:對(dui)高(gao)油廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、環(huan)(huan)唑(zuo)(zuo)類(lei)高(gao)毒性(xing)(xing)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、高(gao)氨氮廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、高(gao)鹽廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分別開展針對(dui)性(xing)(xing)預處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。通(tong)過(guo)前端(duan)控(kong)制(zhi)和清潔生產(chan)(chan)工藝(yi)的(de)使(shi)用,大(da)(da)大(da)(da)降(jiang)低了(le)末端(duan)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)污(wu)染(ran)負荷(he)。在末端(duan)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)面(mian),對(dui)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)達標(biao)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工藝(yi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)改造,針對(dui)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)唑(zuo)(zuo)類(lei)有(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)含量高(gao)、生物(wu)(wu)毒性(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)特點(dian),通(tong)過(guo)高(gao)效(xiao)復(fu)合工程菌技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用及(ji)二級Fenton應(ying)急保(bao)(bao)障措施,實(shi)現(xian)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)廠(chang)尾水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)穩定(ding)達標(biao)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)。在達標(biao)基礎上(shang),通(tong)過(guo)管(guan)式(shi)膜(mo)電(dian)極(ji)-曝氣生物(wu)(wu)濾池-電(dian)滲析組合工藝(yi)應(ying)用,實(shi)現(xian)了(le)殘留環(huan)(huan)唑(zuo)(zuo)類(lei)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)徹底降(jiang)解(jie),出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)低于檢測限(xian)值(zhi),毒性(xing)(xing)降(jiang)低,回用于企業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)。同時,對(dui)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)內部涉及(ji)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)和管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人員進(jin)行(xing)(xing)系統培訓,編制(zhi)了(le)《深度處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)膜(mo)耦合系統操(cao)作規程》和《中水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)回用工程處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)單元操(cao)作規程》,以(yi)(yi)規范操(cao)作。
在(zai)宜興三木集團的(de)凌霞污水(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)理廠,不僅(jin)建設了(le)(le)以“臭氧(yang)(yang)催(cui)化氧(yang)(yang)化+曝氣生物濾池”為(wei)核心的(de)深度處(chu)(chu)理工藝,在(zai)對企業(ye)深入調(diao)研的(de)基礎(chu)上(shang),還提出廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)分質收集及車(che)間預(yu)處(chu)(chu)理方案,對三聚(ju)氰胺車(che)間、環氧(yang)(yang)車(che)間、光(guang)固化車(che)間等(deng)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)采取不同(tong)的(de)預(yu)處(chu)(chu)理工藝,提交園區實(shi)施,穩(wen)定了(le)(le)后(hou)續末端處(chu)(chu)理的(de)水(shui)(shui)質。
通過整(zheng)體打包、系統控制,不僅從技術上提(ti)升了企(qi)業(ye)的污染治理(li)水準,更(geng)從管理(li)上幫(bang)助企(qi)業(ye)實現了環(huan)保“變身(shen)”。

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