人(ren)工(gong)(gong)濕地(di)(di)深度凈(jing)(jing)化(hua)污水處(chu)理(li)廠尾水的效(xiao)(xiao)果不穩定，受季節影響(xiang)較大，冬季低(di)(di)溫微(wei)生物(wu)活動變緩，導(dao)致人(ren)工(gong)(gong)濕地(di)(di)脫氮除磷效(xiao)(xiao)率降低(di)(di)。同(tong)時，潛流(liu)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)濕地(di)(di)易堵(du)塞，嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)其運行，當前的主(zhu)流(liu)技術難以同(tong)時解決潛流(liu)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)濕地(di)(di)低(di)(di)溫條件下(xia)效(xiao)(xiao)率降低(di)(di)與堵(du)塞的問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。針對上述問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，南京大學牽(qian)頭(tou)承擔(dan)的“十三五(wu)”水專(zhuan)項望虞河項目“人(ren)工(gong)(gong)濕地(di)(di)深度凈(jing)(jing)化(hua)尾水技術優化(hua)與應用”課(ke)題(ti)(ti)，研發(fa)了人(ren)工(gong)(gong)濕地(di)(di)低(di)(di)溫穩定運行技術，并在無錫(xi)梅村水處(chu)理(li)廠開展(zhan)技術示(shi)范與應用。  

人工濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)低(di)溫穩定運(yun)行技(ji)(ji)術，在(zai)(zai)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)植物(wu)填料(liao)篩選(xuan)上(shang)(shang)，因地(di)(di)(di)(di)制宜(yi)選(xuan)擇(ze)狐尾藻等耐低(di)溫植物(wu)，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)填料(liao)選(xuan)擇(ze)石灰(hui)石和外加(jia)碳源；在(zai)(zai)布水(shui)方式(shi)上(shang)(shang)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)流(liu)(liu)與上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)式(shi)垂(chui)直流(liu)(liu)相(xiang)結合(he)的(de)(de)復(fu)合(he)流(liu)(liu)布水(shui)方式(shi)，并在(zai)(zai)導淤層設置(zhi)倒膜(mo)管。與傳統(tong)技(ji)(ji)術相(xiang)比，導膜(mo)清淤并定期(qi)排放濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)內脫落的(de)(de)生物(wu)膜(mo)，可(ke)有(you)效防止堵(du)塞，另(ling)外，復(fu)合(he)流(liu)(liu)布水(shui)模式(shi)也可(ke)有(you)效控制濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)水(shui)位與水(shui)體流(liu)(liu)動(dong)，增強了(le)(le)低(di)溫季節的(de)(de)處理(li)(li)(li)效果。該(gai)技(ji)(ji)術顯著降(jiang)低(di)了(le)(le)運(yun)行成本(ben)（降(jiang)低(di)20%左右），改善了(le)(le)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)運(yun)行效果與低(di)溫季節出水(shui)水(shui)質(zhi)，出水(shui)中氨氮平(ping)(ping)均(jun)濃度(du)由1.23mg/L降(jiang)到(dao)0.50mg/L，降(jiang)低(di)59.3%，總磷(lin)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)濃度(du)由0.29mg/L降(jiang)到(dao)0.22mg/L，降(jiang)低(di)24.1%。此外，課題組還開展了(le)(le)低(di)溫條件下人工濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)濾料(liao)中微生物(wu)群落變化特征的(de)(de)研究，明確了(le)(le)該(gai)技(ji)(ji)術凈(jing)化水(shui)污染物(wu)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)機理(li)(li)(li)，為(wei)該(gai)項技(ji)(ji)術在(zai)(zai)城市生活污水(shui)處理(li)(li)(li)廠的(de)(de)尾水(shui)深(shen)度(du)凈(jing)化提(ti)供更(geng)可(ke)靠的(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)論支撐。  

該技術在高寒地(di)區(qu)寧夏(xia)固原市六(liu)盤(pan)山熱(re)電廠尾水(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)濕(shi)地(di)得到(dao)推廣應用。該地(di)區(qu)冬(dong)季最低溫(wen)度可達到(dao)-20℃，濕(shi)地(di)處理規模約為5000m3/天(tian)，進水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質達到(dao)城鎮污水(shui)(shui)一(yi)級A標準(zhun)，出(chu)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質（除總(zong)氮外）達到(dao)地(di)表水(shui)(shui)Ⅳ類標準(zhun)，顯(xian)著(zhu)改善(shan)了固原市水(shui)(shui)生態環(huan)境與黃河(he)重要(yao)支(zhi)流(liu)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)河(he)的(de)水(shui)(shui)質，為高寒地(di)區(qu)與低溫(wen)季節人(ren)(ren)工(gong)濕(shi)地(di)的(de)穩定(ding)運行提供了技術支(zhi)撐。  

無錫梅村(cun)水處理廠尾水凈化人工濕地(di)現狀

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