【谷騰環保網訊】近日(ri)，《中共中央 國務院關(guan)于深入(ru)打好污(wu)染(ran)防治攻堅戰的意見》（以下簡稱《意見》）印發(fa)實(shi)施，明確提出“十四五”時期乃至2035年生(sheng)態文明建設(she)和(he)生(sheng)態環境保護的主要目(mu)標、重點任務和(he)關(guan)鍵舉措。這(zhe)是(shi)一份堅持以習近平生(sheng)態文明思想為指導、深入(ru)開展污(wu)染(ran)防治行動的綱領性文件，是(shi)推(tui)動經濟社(she)會發(fa)展全面(mian)綠色轉型的任務書(shu)和(he)施工圖，也是(shi)建設(she)人與自(zi)然(ran)和(he)諧共生(sheng)美麗中國的時間(jian)表(biao)和(he)路線圖。

充分認識深入打好污染防治攻堅戰的重大意義

良好(hao)生(sheng)態環(huan)境是高質量(liang)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)應有之(zhi)義，是建設(she)美麗中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)綠色(se)底色(se)，也是實(shi)現中(zhong)華民(min)族偉大(da)復興中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)夢(meng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內在要求。黨(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)(shi)九大(da)明(ming)確提出(chu)堅決(jue)打好(hao)污(wu)染防治攻堅戰(zhan)，2018年黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)作出(chu)相關決(jue)策部署，并(bing)圓滿完成了(le)階段性目標任務。黨(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)(shi)九屆五(wu)中(zhong)全會明(ming)確提出(chu)深(shen)入(ru)打好(hao)污(wu)染防治攻堅戰(zhan)，黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)印發(fa)實(shi)施《意見》。污(wu)染防治攻堅戰(zhan)，從“十(shi)(shi)三(san)五(wu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)“堅決(jue)打好(hao)”到“十(shi)(shi)四五(wu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)“深(shen)入(ru)打好(hao)”，深(shen)刻體現了(le)以(yi)習近平(ping)同(tong)志(zhi)為(wei)核心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)對(dui)生(sheng)態文明(ming)建設(she)和生(sheng)態環(huan)境保護一以(yi)貫之(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高度重視，充分彰顯了(le)我們黨(dang)(dang)建設(she)人與自然和諧共生(sheng)美麗中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略定力和堅強(qiang)決(jue)心(xin)，積極回應了(le)全面建成小康社(she)會之(zhi)后人民(min)群眾追求更(geng)高品質生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱切(qie)期盼。

深(shen)入打(da)好污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)防治(zhi)攻堅戰(zhan)，是實(shi)現(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)平保護(hu)(hu)(hu)與經(jing)濟高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)協(xie)同(tong)共進的(de)必然(ran)要(yao)求(qiu)。《意見》明確(que)提(ti)出(chu)(chu)，要(yao)統籌污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)治(zhi)理、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)、應對氣候變(bian)(bian)化，以(yi)更高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)標準打(da)好藍天、碧水(shui)(shui)、凈土保衛(wei)戰(zhan)，以(yi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)平保護(hu)(hu)(hu)推(tui)(tui)動高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、創(chuang)造高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活。當前我國生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境保護(hu)(hu)(hu)結構性(xing)、根源性(xing)、趨勢(shi)性(xing)壓力總(zong)體上尚未根本緩解，重(zhong)點(dian)區域、重(zhong)點(dian)行業污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)問(wen)題仍(reng)然(ran)突出(chu)(chu)，實(shi)現(xian)碳(tan)達峰、碳(tan)中和任(ren)務(wu)艱巨，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境保護(hu)(hu)(hu)任(ren)重(zhong)道遠(yuan)。“十四五”時期(qi)，我國生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明建(jian)設進入了以(yi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)碳(tan)為重(zhong)點(dian)戰(zhan)略方向、推(tui)(tui)動減(jian)(jian)污(wu)(wu)(wu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)碳(tan)協(xie)同(tong)增效、促進經(jing)濟社會發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)面綠色轉型(xing)、實(shi)現(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)改(gai)善由量(liang)變(bian)(bian)到(dao)質(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)的(de)關鍵時期(qi)。這就(jiu)要(yao)求(qiu)我們(men)摒棄“就(jiu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)論(lun)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)”“就(jiu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)碳(tan)論(lun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)碳(tan)”的(de)思(si)維模式，在(zai)“深(shen)入”上拓思(si)路，推(tui)(tui)動污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)防治(zhi)攻堅戰(zhan)走心(xin)走實(shi)。統籌推(tui)(tui)進做(zuo)大生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)分母、減(jian)(jian)小污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物總(zong)量(liang)的(de)分子，協(xie)同(tong)推(tui)(tui)進污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)減(jian)(jian)排和降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低碳(tan)排放，以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)平保護(hu)(hu)(hu)倒逼經(jing)濟高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，建(jian)立健(jian)全(quan)綠色低碳(tan)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)經(jing)濟體系(xi)，從源頭上牽引帶動經(jing)濟社會發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)面綠色轉型(xing)。

深入打好污(wu)染防(fang)治攻堅戰，是(shi)建設(she)人(ren)與(yu)(yu)自然(ran)和(he)(he)諧(xie)共(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)美(mei)麗(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)舉措。《意(yi)見》明(ming)確要(yao)(yao)求，要(yao)(yao)立足新(xin)發展階段(duan)，完整、準確、全面貫徹新(xin)發展理念(nian)，構建新(xin)發展格局(ju)，努力建設(she)人(ren)與(yu)(yu)自然(ran)和(he)(he)諧(xie)共(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)美(mei)麗(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。到(dao)2035年，廣泛(fan)形成(cheng)綠(lv)色(se)(se)生(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)活方式，碳排放達峰后穩(wen)中(zhong)(zhong)有降，生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)根本(ben)好轉，美(mei)麗(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)建設(she)目標(biao)基本(ben)實現(xian)。我們(men)黨的(de)(de)第二個百年奮斗目標(biao)是(shi)，到(dao)本(ben)世紀中(zhong)(zhong)葉建成(cheng)富(fu)強民(min)主文明(ming)和(he)(he)諧(xie)美(mei)麗(li)(li)的(de)(de)社會(hui)主義現(xian)代化(hua)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)。其中(zhong)(zhong)，“美(mei)麗(li)(li)”是(shi)一(yi)個重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)目標(biao)。良好生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)是(shi)最(zui)普(pu)惠的(de)(de)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)福祉(zhi)，也(ye)是(shi)美(mei)麗(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)綠(lv)色(se)(se)底色(se)(se)和(he)(he)質量(liang)成(cheng)色(se)(se)。人(ren)與(yu)(yu)自然(ran)和(he)(he)諧(xie)共(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)美(mei)麗(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)建設(she)的(de)(de)本(ben)質特征和(he)(he)內(nei)在要(yao)(yao)求。這(zhe)就要(yao)(yao)求我們(men)更加(jia)牢(lao)固樹立共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)意(yi)識，在“深入”上做(zuo)文章，推(tui)動(dong)污(wu)染防(fang)治攻堅戰走寬走深。堅持(chi)人(ren)與(yu)(yu)自然(ran)和(he)(he)諧(xie)共(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)，共(gong)(gong)建人(ren)類命運共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)、人(ren)與(yu)(yu)自然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)命共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)、地球(qiu)生(sheng)(sheng)命共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)，根本(ben)扭轉生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性(xing)喪失態勢，在生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)質量(liang)持(chi)續改(gai)善的(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)時，持(chi)續提升生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統質量(liang)和(he)(he)穩(wen)定性(xing)，從根本(ben)上牽(qian)引(yin)帶動(dong)經濟社會(hui)發展全面綠(lv)色(se)(se)轉型(xing)。

深(shen)入(ru)打好(hao)污染(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)攻(gong)堅(jian)戰(zhan)，是筑牢(lao)中(zhong)華(hua)民族偉(wei)大(da)復興(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)根基的(de)戰(zhan)略抉擇。《意(yi)見》開宗明(ming)義(yi)強調，良好(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)是實現(xian)中(zhong)華(hua)民族永續發(fa)展的(de)內在要求。生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)興(xing)則(ze)(ze)文明(ming)興(xing)，生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)衰則(ze)(ze)文明(ming)衰。人類尊(zun)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)、順應自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)護自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)，大(da)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)的(de)饋贈是慷慨的(de)，否(fou)則(ze)(ze)大(da)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)的(de)懲罰是無(wu)(wu)情的(de)。這(zhe)是無(wu)(wu)法抗拒的(de)客觀規(gui)律(lv)。上個世(shi)紀，西方國家陸續發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)“世(shi)界(jie)八大(da)公害(hai)事件”，至今教(jiao)訓仍然(ran)(ran)極其深(shen)刻。我國西部黃土高(gao)原、渭河流域也曾經(jing)山清水(shui)秀(xiu)、水(shui)草豐(feng)美(mei)，由于毀(hui)林開荒，這(zhe)些(xie)地(di)方生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)遭到破壞。近些(xie)年來(lai)，我們(men)堅(jian)持綜合治(zhi)理、系(xi)統治(zhi)理、源頭(tou)治(zhi)理，綠(lv)色(se)版圖不斷擴大(da)。本世(shi)紀頭(tou)二十(shi)年，全(quan)球新增綠(lv)色(se)植(zhi)被(bei)面積，四分之一是由我國貢獻的(de)。這(zhe)就要求我們(men)對大(da)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)多(duo)(duo)一些(xie)敬畏敬重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、少一些(xie)無(wu)(wu)知無(wu)(wu)畏，多(duo)(duo)一些(xie)呵護保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、少一些(xie)傷害(hai)損害(hai)，在“深(shen)入(ru)”上下功(gong)夫，推(tui)動污染(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)攻(gong)堅(jian)戰(zhan)走(zou)(zou)穩(wen)走(zou)(zou)遠(yuan)。推(tui)進實施重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統保(bao)(bao)(bao)護和修(xiu)(xiu)復重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)工程，統籌(chou)安(an)(an)排山水(shui)林田湖草沙一體化保(bao)(bao)(bao)護和修(xiu)(xiu)復工程，有(you)效防(fang)范重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)風險，切實守住自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)全(quan)邊界(jie)，從長遠(yuan)上牽(qian)引帶動經(jing)濟社會發(fa)展全(quan)面綠(lv)色(se)轉型。

必須堅持以習近平生態文明思想為指導

黨的(de)(de)十八大以來，以習(xi)(xi)近平同志(zhi)為核心的(de)(de)黨中(zhong)央全(quan)(quan)面(mian)加強對生(sheng)(sheng)態文(wen)(wen)明(ming)建設和生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)保(bao)護的(de)(de)領導，開展了(le)一系列(lie)根本性、開創性、長遠(yuan)性工作(zuo)，推動生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)保(bao)護從認識到實踐發生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)歷史性、轉折性、全(quan)(quan)局(ju)性變化，系統形成(cheng)了(le)習(xi)(xi)近平生(sheng)(sheng)態文(wen)(wen)明(ming)思(si)(si)想(xiang)。這一重要(yao)思(si)(si)想(xiang)，是習(xi)(xi)近平新時代中(zhong)國特色社會主義思(si)(si)想(xiang)的(de)(de)重要(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)部分，是深入(ru)打好(hao)污染(ran)防治(zhi)攻堅戰的(de)(de)根本遵循、方向指引、行動指南。

必須(xu)牢固樹立綠(lv)水青(qing)(qing)山(shan)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)山(shan)銀山(shan)的(de)理念。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護和經(jing)濟發展是(shi)(shi)辯證統一、相(xiang)輔相(xiang)成的(de)。《意見》明確要求，深入貫徹習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明思想(xiang)。綠(lv)水青(qing)(qing)山(shan)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)山(shan)銀山(shan)是(shi)(shi)這一重(zhong)要思想(xiang)的(de)核(he)心觀點。離開了(le)“綠(lv)水青(qing)(qing)山(shan)”，人類(lei)社會一切財富都將成為(wei)無源(yuan)之水和無本(ben)之木，也就(jiu)不(bu)會有“金(jin)(jin)山(shan)銀山(shan)”。經(jing)濟發展不(bu)能(neng)以破(po)壞生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)為(wei)代價，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)本(ben)身(shen)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)經(jing)濟，守(shou)護綠(lv)水青(qing)(qing)山(shan)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)壯大(da)金(jin)(jin)山(shan)銀山(shan)。這既是(shi)(shi)實現(xian)可持續發展的(de)內在要求，也是(shi)(shi)推進人與自然和諧(xie)共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)現(xian)代化的(de)重(zhong)大(da)原(yuan)則(ze)。發展經(jing)濟不(bu)能(neng)對(dui)資(zi)源(yuan)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)竭澤而(er)漁，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護也不(bu)是(shi)(shi)舍棄經(jing)濟發展而(er)緣木求魚(yu)。必須(xu)堅持把習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明思想(xiang)作為(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護工作的(de)總(zong)方針、總(zong)依(yi)據和總(zong)要求，作為(wei)深入打好污染防治(zhi)攻堅戰的(de)定盤(pan)星和指南針，堅定不(bu)移走生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)優(you)先、綠(lv)色發展之路。

必須(xu)堅持(chi)(chi)以(yi)人(ren)民(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)中心的(de)發展思想。環(huan)境(jing)(jing)就(jiu)是民(min)(min)生(sheng)，青山就(jiu)是美麗(li)，藍(lan)天也是幸(xing)福。《意見》明確要(yao)求堅持(chi)(chi)問(wen)(wen)題導向、環(huan)保為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)，把(ba)人(ren)民(min)(min)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)反映強(qiang)烈的(de)突出生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)問(wen)(wen)題擺上重要(yao)議事(shi)日(ri)程，不斷(duan)加以(yi)解(jie)決，增強(qiang)人(ren)民(min)(min)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)的(de)獲得(de)感(gan)(gan)(gan)、幸(xing)福感(gan)(gan)(gan)、安(an)全感(gan)(gan)(gan)，以(yi)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護實際成效取信于民(min)(min)。當前，我們已(yi)經勝(sheng)利(li)實現全面(mian)建成小康社會的(de)第(di)一個百(bai)(bai)年奮(fen)斗目(mu)標，正在朝著(zhu)建設(she)社會主義現代化強(qiang)國的(de)第(di)二個百(bai)(bai)年目(mu)標奮(fen)力前行(xing)。人(ren)民(min)(min)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)對優美生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)有(you)了(le)更(geng)高的(de)期(qi)盼(pan)和要(yao)求，對生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)問(wen)(wen)題的(de)容(rong)忍(ren)度(du)更(geng)低。民(min)(min)有(you)所(suo)呼，政有(you)所(suo)應。必須(xu)堅持(chi)(chi)以(yi)人(ren)民(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)中心的(de)發展思想，堅持(chi)(chi)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)惠(hui)民(min)(min)、生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)利(li)民(min)(min)、生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)，著(zhu)力解(jie)決損害(hai)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)健康的(de)突出環(huan)境(jing)(jing)問(wen)(wen)題，讓老百(bai)(bai)姓感(gan)(gan)(gan)受到更(geng)多的(de)藍(lan)天白云、繁星閃爍，清(qing)水綠岸(an)、魚翔淺底，鳥語花香、田園風光。

必須(xu)注重(zhong)山水(shui)林(lin)田(tian)湖草沙一體化(hua)保護(hu)和(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)。生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)是統(tong)(tong)一的(de)自(zi)然系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，是相互依存、緊密聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)的(de)有機(ji)鏈(lian)條。《意見》指出，要堅持系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)觀念(nian)、協(xie)同增(zeng)效，推進(jin)(jin)山水(shui)林(lin)田(tian)湖草沙一體化(hua)保護(hu)和(he)修復，強化(hua)多(duo)污染物(wu)協(xie)同控(kong)制和(he)區域(yu)協(xie)同治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)，更(geng)加注重(zhong)綜(zong)合治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)、源(yuan)頭(tou)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)。必須(xu)按照生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)整(zheng)體性(xing)、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)性(xing)及內(nei)在規律，統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)考慮自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)各要素、山上(shang)(shang)山下(xia)、地(di)上(shang)(shang)地(di)下(xia)、陸地(di)海洋以(yi)及流域(yu)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)游、左(zuo)右岸，做到精準、科學、依法(fa)施策(ce)，全方位、全地(di)域(yu)、全過程開展生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明建設，進(jin)(jin)一步增(zeng)強生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)保護(hu)的(de)耦(ou)合性(xing)、整(zheng)體性(xing)和(he)原真(zhen)性(xing)，不斷提升生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)服務功能，實現(xian)更(geng)高(gao)水(shui)平的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)平衡。

必須用最(zui)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)制(zhi)度(du)(du)最(zui)嚴(yan)(yan)密(mi)法治(zhi)保護生態(tai)環(huan)境。在生態(tai)環(huan)境保護問(wen)題(ti)上，就是不(bu)能越雷池一步，否則就應該(gai)受到懲罰(fa)。《意見》強調，要堅持依法治(zhi)污，在法制(zhi)軌(gui)道上推進(jin)生態(tai)環(huan)境治(zhi)理，依法對生態(tai)環(huan)境違法犯(fan)罪行為(wei)嚴(yan)(yan)懲重罰(fa)。落實最(zui)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)制(zhi)度(du)(du)，加強全過程監管，提高(gao)污染(ran)治(zhi)理的(de)針對性、科學性、有效性。必須按照源頭嚴(yan)(yan)防、過程嚴(yan)(yan)管、后果(guo)嚴(yan)(yan)懲的(de)思路，構建(jian)產(chan)權清(qing)晰、多元參與、激(ji)勵約(yue)束(shu)(shu)并重、系統完整的(de)生態(tai)文明制(zhi)度(du)(du)體系，建(jian)立(li)有效約(yue)束(shu)(shu)開發行為(wei)和(he)(he)促進(jin)綠(lv)色發展(zhan)(zhan)、循環(huan)發展(zhan)(zhan)、低碳(tan)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)生態(tai)文明法律體系，讓制(zhi)度(du)(du)成為(wei)剛(gang)性的(de)約(yue)束(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)不(bu)可(ke)觸碰的(de)高(gao)壓線。

需要著重把握好的幾個關鍵

“十四(si)五(wu)”時期，深入打好污染防治攻堅(jian)(jian)戰，應當在(zai)“十三五(wu)”取得(de)階段性(xing)成果(guo)的基礎上，再(zai)(zai)接再(zai)(zai)厲，在(zai)更(geng)(geng)大的區域、更(geng)(geng)深的層次(ci)、更(geng)(geng)廣的領域奮(fen)力攻堅(jian)(jian)，在(zai)保持力度、延伸深度、拓展廣度上付出艱苦卓絕(jue)的努力。為此(ci)，需(xu)要(yao)重點把(ba)握好以下幾個關鍵。

一是(shi)明確攻堅思路(lu)。以標本(ben)兼治(zhi)(zhi)、更加(jia)(jia)注重(zhong)治(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)為(wei)主攻方向，大力推動產業結(jie)構(gou)調整和(he)(he)能(neng)源(yuan)結(jie)構(gou)優(you)化(hua)，從根本(ben)上緩解生態環境保護(hu)結(jie)構(gou)性、根源(yuan)性、趨勢性壓力。以統籌(chou)(chou)推進(jin)、協(xie)(xie)同(tong)防治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)技術(shu)路(lu)徑(jing)，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)細顆粒物和(he)(he)臭氧污染協(xie)(xie)同(tong)控(kong)制(zhi)，突(tu)出水資(zi)源(yuan)、水環境、水生態“三(san)水”統籌(chou)(chou)，深化(hua)區域(yu)流(liu)域(yu)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)共治(zhi)(zhi)，強(qiang)化(hua)地表水、地下水和(he)(he)土壤污染協(xie)(xie)同(tong)防治(zhi)(zhi)，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)陸域(yu)海(hai)域(yu)污染協(xie)(xie)同(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)。以實現減污降碳(tan)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)增(zeng)效(xiao)為(wei)總抓手，加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)推動綠色(se)低碳(tan)發展(zhan)，構(gou)建減污降碳(tan)一體(ti)謀劃、一體(ti)部署、一體(ti)推進(jin)、一體(ti)考核的制(zhi)度機制(zhi)，以能(neng)源(yuan)、工業、城(cheng)鄉建設、交通運輸(shu)等領域(yu)和(he)(he)鋼鐵、有色(se)金屬(shu)、建材、石(shi)化(hua)化(hua)工等行業為(wei)重(zhong)點，深入開展(zhan)碳(tan)達峰行動。

二是突出攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)堅重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)。深入打好污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)堅戰(zhan)(zhan)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)是打好8個(ge)標志性戰(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)，其中包括著力打好重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)天(tian)氣消(xiao)除攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)堅戰(zhan)(zhan)、臭(chou)(chou)氧污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)堅戰(zhan)(zhan)、黃河生態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護治(zhi)理(li)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)堅戰(zhan)(zhan)、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)海域綜(zong)合治(zhi)理(li)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)堅戰(zhan)(zhan)等(deng)4個(ge)開拓創新性戰(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)，以及持續打好柴油貨車污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)治(zhi)理(li)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)堅戰(zhan)(zhan)、城市黑臭(chou)(chou)水體治(zhi)理(li)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)堅戰(zhan)(zhan)、長江保(bao)護修復攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)堅戰(zhan)(zhan)、農業農村污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)治(zhi)理(li)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)堅戰(zhan)(zhan)等(deng)4個(ge)鞏固提升性戰(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)。攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)堅戰(zhan)(zhan)要突出重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)，抓(zhua)住主要矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)和矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)的主要方面，緊盯“好差兩頭”，既(ji)要基本消(xiao)除重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)天(tian)氣、城市黑臭(chou)(chou)水體，推動解決人民群眾反映強烈的生態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)問題，也要提供更多優美環境(jing)和優質生態(tai)(tai)(tai)產品。

三是(shi)拓展(zhan)攻堅(jian)(jian)領域。降碳(tan)(tan)方(fang)(fang)面，要(yao)深入推(tui)進(jin)(jin)碳(tan)(tan)達(da)峰行動(dong)，推(tui)動(dong)能源(yuan)清潔(jie)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)轉型，堅(jian)(jian)決遏(e)制高(gao)耗(hao)能高(gao)排(pai)放項目(mu)盲目(mu)發(fa)展(zhan)，推(tui)進(jin)(jin)清潔(jie)生(sheng)(sheng)產和(he)(he)能源(yuan)資源(yuan)節約利用(yong)，加(jia)快(kuai)形成(cheng)綠色低(di)碳(tan)(tan)生(sheng)(sheng)活方(fang)(fang)式。大(da)氣方(fang)(fang)面，要(yao)加(jia)快(kuai)補齊臭氧污染(ran)治理短板，大(da)力(li)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)揮發(fa)性(xing)有(you)機物和(he)(he)氮氧化物協同(tong)減排(pai)，加(jia)大(da)餐飲(yin)油煙、惡臭異(yi)味和(he)(he)噪聲污染(ran)等治理力(li)度。水方(fang)(fang)面，要(yao)強化水資源(yuan)、水環境、水生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)統籌治理，加(jia)強黃河生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保護(hu)(hu)治理，推(tui)進(jin)(jin)美(mei)(mei)麗河湖、美(mei)(mei)麗海灣保護(hu)(hu)與建設。土壤(rang)方(fang)(fang)面，要(yao)實(shi)(shi)施化肥農(nong)藥減量增效行動(dong)和(he)(he)農(nong)膜回(hui)收行動(dong)，深入推(tui)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)用(yong)地(di)土壤(rang)污染(ran)防治和(he)(he)安(an)全利用(yong)，實(shi)(shi)施農(nong)用(yong)地(di)土壤(rang)鎘等重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金屬源(yuan)頭防治行動(dong)，有(you)效管(guan)控建設用(yong)地(di)土壤(rang)污染(ran)風(feng)險(xian)。固廢(fei)方(fang)(fang)面，要(yao)穩步推(tui)進(jin)(jin)“無廢(fei)城市(shi)”建設，制定實(shi)(shi)施新污染(ran)物治理行動(dong)方(fang)(fang)案。生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)方(fang)(fang)面，要(yao)實(shi)(shi)施重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統保護(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)修復、生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性(xing)保護(hu)(hu)等重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)工程，開展(zhan)大(da)規模國土綠化行動(dong)，強化生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保護(hu)(hu)監管(guan)。

四是延伸(shen)攻堅(jian)范圍。生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)治(zhi)理進一(yi)步(bu)從地級及以(yi)上城市向(xiang)縣級、鄉鎮、農村(cun)擴(kuo)展(zhan)延伸(shen)，推動形(xing)成由(you)城市向(xiang)建制(zhi)鎮和鄉村(cun)延伸(shen)覆蓋的環境(jing)基礎設施(shi)網絡。因地制(zhi)宜推進農村(cun)廁所革命、生(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水治(zhi)理、生(sheng)(sheng)活垃圾治(zhi)理，基本消除較大(da)面(mian)積(ji)的農村(cun)黑臭(chou)水體，整縣推進畜禽糞污(wu)(wu)資源化(hua)利用。聚焦國家重大(da)戰略打造綠色發展(zhan)高(gao)地，強化(hua)京津冀、雄安新區、長(chang)江經(jing)濟帶、長(chang)三角區域(yu)、黃河(he)流域(yu)、粵港澳大(da)灣(wan)區和海(hai)南自由(you)貿易港等(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)保護。海(hai)洋污(wu)(wu)染防治(zhi)在鞏固深化(hua)渤海(hai)綜合治(zhi)理成果的基礎上進一(yi)步(bu)拓展(zhan)，實施(shi)長(chang)江口(kou)—杭州灣(wan)、珠(zhu)江口(kou)鄰近海(hai)域(yu)污(wu)(wu)染防治(zhi)行動，“一(yi)灣(wan)一(yi)策”實施(shi)重點海(hai)灣(wan)綜合治(zhi)理。

五(wu)是優化(hua)(hua)攻堅手段(duan)。要深入推進生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明(ming)體制(zhi)(zhi)改革，完善生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境保護領(ling)導體制(zhi)(zhi)和工作(zuo)機制(zhi)(zhi)，加大技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、政策(ce)、管理(li)創(chuang)新(xin)力度，加快構建(jian)(jian)現(xian)代環(huan)境治(zhi)理(li)體系(xi)，提(ti)高生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境治(zhi)理(li)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)水平。要綜合(he)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)法(fa)律、經濟、行政等政策(ce)工具，聯合(he)各部門(men)制(zhi)(zhi)定實施更多有利于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境保護的(de)經濟政策(ce)，推動補齊環(huan)境基礎設(she)施短板，建(jian)(jian)立完善現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境監(jian)測體系(xi)，提(ti)升生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境監(jian)管執法(fa)效能。要構建(jian)(jian)服務型科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)體系(xi)，不斷深化(hua)(hua)大數據等先進技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境執法(fa)監(jian)管、監(jian)測評(ping)估(gu)等領(ling)域的(de)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)，充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)對生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境保護的(de)強(qiang)大支撐作(zuo)用(yong)。

作者系生態(tai)環境(jing)部環境(jing)與經濟政策研究中心黨委書(shu)記、主任(ren)

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