【谷騰環保網訊】全面推進(jin)山水(shui)林田湖草沙生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)是踐行習近(jin)平生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態文明(ming)思想(xiang)的重(zhong)(zhong)要舉措(cuo)，對加快推進(jin)自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態領(ling)域治理能力(li)和(he)(he)治理體系(xi)現(xian)代化進(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)、助力(li)建(jian)(jian)(jian)成人與自(zi)然和(he)(he)諧(xie)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的美麗中國都具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要的現(xian)實意義(yi)。近(jin)日，國家發改(gai)委聯(lian)合(he)多部委相繼印發了(le)《青藏高原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態屏障區生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)規劃（2021-2035年）》與《生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)支撐體系(xi)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)規劃（2021-2035年）》。筆者認為，鑒于各類生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統及日常(chang)監測和(he)(he)定期調(diao)查水(shui)平不一，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)監管手段(duan)仍(reng)有(you)不足，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)護(hu)(hu)聯(lian)防(fang)聯(lian)控監管機制尚未形(xing)成合(he)力(li)，加強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)護(hu)(hu)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)監測與監管力(li)度勢在必(bi)行。

一是構建生態保護修復監測監管系統。依托“三線三區”劃定(ding)成(cheng)果(guo)與(yu)國(guo)土空間(jian)規劃數(shu)(shu)據(ju)平臺(tai)(tai)，加強生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)修復(fu)大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)管(guan)理，實現生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)修復(fu)信(xin)息系統管(guan)理與(yu)集成(cheng)。以國(guo)土空間(jian)基礎信(xin)息平臺(tai)(tai)為基礎，構(gou)建生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)修復(fu)工程監(jian)測(ce)(ce)監(jian)管(guan)專題(ti)應用(yong)，提供生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)修復(fu)工程信(xin)息匯集、監(jian)測(ce)(ce)預警(jing)、績效評價、智(zhi)能(neng)輔助(zhu)、信(xin)息共享(xiang)等(deng)核心(xin)功能(neng)模塊(kuai)，對(dui)接相關部(bu)門與(yu)行業數(shu)(shu)據(ju)，推進各類數(shu)(shu)據(ju)共建共享(xiang)，構(gou)建國(guo)家—地方(fang)互聯互通的全(quan)國(guo)重要生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系統保(bao)護(hu)和修復(fu)重大工程監(jian)測(ce)(ce)監(jian)管(guan)平臺(tai)(tai)。對(dui)重點區域生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)和修復(fu)以及自然保(bao)護(hu)地建設重大工程實施動態(tai)(tai)(tai)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)。

二是完善生態保護修復行業監管平臺。加強國家(jia)公園(yuan)與自然保(bao)護地等(deng)重點(dian)領域(yu)動態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)監測(ce)(ce)、智(zhi)慧監管和生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)風險(xian)預警(jing)，推(tui)進重點(dian)項目(mu)落地上圖、績效評(ping)價等(deng)精(jing)細化(hua)管理。建立健(jian)全水生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)監測(ce)(ce)體(ti)系(xi)和信息平臺(tai)，提高河湖、地下水監管能力(li)。加強海(hai)(hai)洋尤其是海(hai)(hai)岸帶(dai)與美麗海(hai)(hai)灣(wan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護修(xiu)復監管能力(li)建設，提升(sheng)海(hai)(hai)洋生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境智(zhi)能化(hua)、精(jing)準(zhun)化(hua)監管水平。建立多部(bu)門聯合(he)的國家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)監測(ce)(ce)網絡，及時跟(gen)蹤(zong)掌(zhang)握生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)格局、功(gong)能、生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)性(xing)狀況(kuang)及生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)脅迫情況(kuang)。完善國家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)質量(liang)監測(ce)(ce)評(ping)價體(ti)系(xi)，以維護生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)、保(bao)護生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)性(xing)、推(tui)動生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)功(gong)能持(chi)續向好為導向，系(xi)統開展全國重點(dian)區域(yu)、重點(dian)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)功(gong)能區縣域(yu)等(deng)不同尺度生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)質量(liang)監測(ce)(ce)評(ping)估和監管。

三是建立生態調查監測預警體系。充分(fen)利用國(guo)土“三調(diao)”以及其他有關專項調(diao)查(cha)成果，建立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)調(diao)查(cha)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)預警體系，系統開展森(sen)林、草(cao)原、河湖、濕地(di)、海洋等(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性(xing)與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)演變調(diao)查(cha)，全面摸清(qing)我(wo)國(guo)陸域(yu)(yu)和(he)海域(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)狀況。同時，兼顧自然地(di)理(li)單元(yuan)的(de)(de)完整性(xing)與流(liu)域(yu)(yu)上(shang)下游的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)耦合關系，在各類生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，靈(ling)活(huo)采用新(xin)建、改(gai)建、共建等(deng)方(fang)式建設區(qu)域(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)綜合監(jian)測(ce)(ce)站(zhan)，定期開展重點(dian)(dian)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)護紅線、自然保(bao)(bao)護地(di)、縣域(yu)(yu)重點(dian)(dian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)功能區(qu)等(deng)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)。結合評(ping)估(gu)(gu)結果，研判(pan)重大生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)問題和(he)風險(xian)，監(jian)測(ce)(ce)和(he)分(fen)析(xi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)承載力(li)閾(yu)值與機(ji)理(li)，建立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)模擬與反演技術(shu)，完善生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)風險(xian)預警技術(shu)體系。

四是健全重要生態系統生態評價體系。增強森林資源監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)數(shu)據采集和分(fen)(fen)析評(ping)(ping)價(jia)能(neng)力(li)，建立(li)健全(quan)草原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)本狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況(kuang)和監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)體系，有(you)序開(kai)展(zhan)林草碳(tan)(tan)(tan)匯(hui)(hui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)、陸地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系統碳(tan)(tan)(tan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)等(deng)(deng)專項評(ping)(ping)價(jia)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)。開(kai)展(zhan)全(quan)國(guo)河(he)湖(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況(kuang)普查，摸清河(he)湖(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)底(di)數(shu)，逐步實現水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)健康(kang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況(kuang)動(dong)(dong)態(tai)(tai)(tai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)。構建國(guo)家級(ji)濕地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)體系，建立(li)國(guo)家、省級(ji)和重要濕地三級(ji)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)體系。健全(quan)海洋生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)網，形成以海岸(an)(an)帶為重點、覆蓋(gai)管轄海域的岸(an)(an)海空天一體化監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)體系，開(kai)展(zhan)海洋微塑料等(deng)(deng)新型(xing)污染物(wu)的長期監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)，升級(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)災(zai)害監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)預警能(neng)力(li)。持續開(kai)展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況(kuang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)，建立(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)保護管理監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)制(zhi)度。完(wan)善生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)匯(hui)(hui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)相關(guan)理論、方法(fa)與技術體系，提高碳(tan)(tan)(tan)匯(hui)(hui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)與評(ping)(ping)價(jia)能(neng)力(li)，對我國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)匯(hui)(hui)現狀(zhuang)(zhuang)空間分(fen)(fen)布格局、動(dong)(dong)態(tai)(tai)(tai)變(bian)化規律及其驅動(dong)(dong)機制(zhi)開(kai)展(zhan)調查監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)。

作者單(dan)位(wei)：廣東省(sheng)環境科(ke)學研究院(yuan)

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