【谷騰環保網訊】近(jin)日，生態(tai)環境部(bu)發(fa)布《環境影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)評(ping)價(jia)技術導則(ze) 生態(tai)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)》（HJ 19-2022，以下簡稱生態(tai)導則(ze)）。生態(tai)環境部(bu)環評(ping)司有關負責(ze)人就生態(tai)導則(ze)修訂的背景、內容等回答了記者提問。

問：生態導則修訂的背景是什么？

答：1997年，《環(huan)境影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)評(ping)價(jia)技(ji)術導(dao)則(ze) 非污染生(sheng)態(tai)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)》（HJ/T 19-1997）首次發(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)實施(shi)，明確了(le)(le)(le)建設(she)項目生(sheng)態(tai)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)評(ping)價(jia)基(ji)本思(si)路和方法(fa)，拓展了(le)(le)(le)環(huan)境影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)評(ping)價(jia)的內涵。2011年，根據需要對(dui)(dui)其進行了(le)(le)(le)第一次修(xiu)訂(ding)，并將(jiang)名稱修(xiu)改為《環(huan)境影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)評(ping)價(jia)技(ji)術導(dao)則(ze) 生(sheng)態(tai)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)》（HJ 19-2011），實施(shi)至今(jin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)了(le)(le)(le)重要作(zuo)(zuo)用，有力(li)推進了(le)(le)(le)項目建設(she)和生(sheng)態(tai)保護(hu)相協調。黨的十八(ba)大(da)以來，生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境保護(hu)形(xing)勢(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)深(shen)刻變(bian)化，生(sheng)態(tai)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)技(ji)術導(dao)則(ze)與生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境保護(hu)新形(xing)勢(shi)、新要求存在一定的不適應，制約環(huan)評(ping)源頭預防作(zuo)(zuo)用的有效發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)，亟須修(xiu)訂(ding)。2018年以來，我(wo)部在跟(gen)蹤評(ping)估的基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)，組織對(dui)(dui)該導(dao)則(ze)進行了(le)(le)(le)第二次修(xiu)訂(ding)。在多(duo)輪調研(yan)、座談和征求意見的基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)，形(xing)成了(le)(le)(le)本次發(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)的生(sheng)態(tai)導(dao)則(ze)。

問：新修訂的生態導則有哪些特點？

答(da)：此次生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)導(dao)(dao)則修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)訂(ding)，主(zhu)要(yao)突(tu)出了(le)以下幾個(ge)特點。一是(shi)充(chong)分銜(xian)接(jie)新要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。近些(xie)年(nian)，我國陸(lu)續出臺了(le)《長江保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)》《濕地保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)》《國務院關(guan)于進(jin)一步加強生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)意見》等(deng)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)和(he)(he)政策(ce)，對物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)及其(qi)棲息(xi)地、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)提(ti)出更(geng)(geng)新、更(geng)(geng)高要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，當前生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)保(bao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)也給予生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)更(geng)(geng)高定(ding)位。本(ben)次修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)訂(ding)深入(ru)貫徹(che)落實習近平生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)思想，評價(jia)(jia)內(nei)容(rong)和(he)(he)技術(shu)方法(fa)方面(mian)已充(chong)分銜(xian)接(jie)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)法(fa)規(gui)和(he)(he)政策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)一系列新要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。 二是(shi)增強指導(dao)(dao)性和(he)(he)操(cao)作(zuo)性。本(ben)次修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)訂(ding)針(zhen)對現行(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)導(dao)(dao)則實踐(jian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)出現的(de)(de)(de)調查布(bu)點代表(biao)性不(bu)足、評價(jia)(jia)范圍和(he)(he)等(deng)級確(que)定(ding)等(deng)相關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)操(cao)作(zuo)性不(bu)強、環(huan)評現狀評價(jia)(jia)及影(ying)響預測(ce)內(nei)容(rong)不(bu)全(quan)、制圖(tu)不(bu)規(gui)范、部分行(xing)業(ye)導(dao)(dao)則提(ti)出更(geng)(geng)加嚴格要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)等(deng)，通過(guo)明(ming)確(que)和(he)(he)細化(hua)技術(shu)內(nei)容(rong)及要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，提(ti)高了(le)操(cao)作(zuo)性和(he)(he)指導(dao)(dao)性。三是(shi)全(quan)面(mian)契合(he)“放管(guan)服”改革要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。本(ben)次修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)訂(ding)適(shi)度簡(jian)化(hua)了(le)部分污染影(ying)響類(lei)項目生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)影(ying)響評價(jia)(jia)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，厘清了(le)與其(qi)他要(yao)素(su)導(dao)(dao)則的(de)(de)(de)邊界。 四是(shi)助力(li)遏(e)(e)制生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)形式主(zhu)義(yi)。針(zhen)對生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)措施簡(jian)單(dan)粗暴，人(ren)工(gong)(gong)造景、河流(liu)砌(qi)底時有(you)發生(sheng)(sheng)，甚(shen)至違背自然規(gui)律(lv)(lv)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)造成破(po)壞等(deng)問(wen)題，本(ben)次修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)訂(ding)中(zhong)，強調要(yao)堅持山水(shui)林田湖草(cao)沙是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)命共同(tong)體的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)念(nian)，提(ti)出針(zhen)對性的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，助力(li)遏(e)(e)制生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)形式主(zhu)義(yi)。

問：修訂的主要內容是什么？

答：本(ben)(ben)次修(xiu)訂對評價(jia)等級、現(xian)(xian)狀調(diao)(diao)查、現(xian)(xian)狀評價(jia)、預(yu)測分析、保(bao)護措施、跟蹤監測、環(huan)評文件(jian)圖表等多個方面進行(xing)了完善和(he)(he)調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)。一(yi)是(shi)優化了術語和(he)(he)定義。結合(he)生態(tai)影(ying)響的途(tu)徑、方式和(he)(he)評價(jia)對象(xiang)，回歸建設(she)項目本(ben)(ben)身，結合(he)生態(tai)影(ying)響評

價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，新增(zeng)(zeng)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)種(zhong)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)敏感區、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)目(mu)標等(deng)術語定(ding)義。二是(shi)(shi)完(wan)善(shan)總則表述(shu)。總則明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)確了(le)(le)(le)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)本任務(wu)；明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)確了(le)(le)(le)建設項(xiang)目(mu)應符(fu)合(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅線(xian)、國(guo)土空間(jian)規劃、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)分區管控(kong)方(fang)案(an)等(deng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)；明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)確了(le)(le)(le)補(bu)充環(huan)境(jing)比選(xuan)方(fang)案(an)及(ji)(ji)開展(zhan)同(tong)等(deng)深度評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)等(deng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)；增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)了(le)(le)(le)工(gong)作程(cheng)序框圖(tu)。三是(shi)(shi)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)了(le)(le)(le)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)因(yin)子篩選(xuan)，規范(fan)(fan)了(le)(le)(le)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)識(shi)別(bie)。增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)識(shi)別(bie)章節，完(wan)善(shan)了(le)(le)(le)工(gong)程(cheng)分析和新增(zeng)(zeng)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)因(yin)子篩選(xuan)等(deng)內(nei)容(rong)，更易于確定(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)和評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)具(ju)體對(dui)象。 四(si)是(shi)(shi)調整了(le)(le)(le)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)等(deng)級判(pan)定(ding)依(yi)據(ju)和原則。根據(ju)實踐經驗，以受影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)區域生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)敏感性和影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)程(cheng)度為主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)判(pan)定(ding)依(yi)據(ju)，兼顧行(xing)業(ye)、形(xing)式、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性、特殊情景(jing)等(deng)差(cha)異(yi)化(hua)(hua)判(pan)定(ding)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)確了(le)(le)(le)不劃分評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)等(deng)級直接進行(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)簡單分析的(de)情形(xing)。五是(shi)(shi)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)了(le)(le)(le)典型(xing)行(xing)業(ye)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)范(fan)(fan)圍確定(ding)原則。結合(he)行(xing)業(ye)特點，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)確了(le)(le)(le)礦山開采(cai)、水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電、線(xian)性工(gong)程(cheng)、陸上機場以及(ji)(ji)污染影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)類項(xiang)目(mu)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)范(fan)(fan)圍的(de)確定(ding)原則。六是(shi)(shi)細化(hua)(hua)了(le)(le)(le)現(xian)狀調查(cha)(cha)、影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)預測等(deng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。細化(hua)(hua)了(le)(le)(le)引用資(zi)料(liao)時(shi)效性、現(xian)場調查(cha)(cha)基(ji)本技(ji)術、陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)及(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)調查(cha)(cha)等(deng)的(de)具(ju)體要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)確了(le)(le)(le)物(wu)種(zhong)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系統及(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)內(nei)容(rong)、指標及(ji)(ji)成熟評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)法。強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)制圖(tu)規范(fan)(fan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)群落及(ji)(ji)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)種(zhong)調查(cha)(cha)結果統計表。七是(shi)(shi)強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)對(dui)策措施(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。基(ji)于系統保(bao)(bao)護(hu)，對(dui)綠(lv)色施(shi)工(gong)、野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)及(ji)(ji)修復、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性及(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系統保(bao)(bao)護(hu)、自然(ran)恢復、綠(lv)色修復等(deng)提出了(le)(le)(le)相關(guan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)確了(le)(le)(le)開展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)跟(gen)蹤監測的(de)不同(tong)情形(xing)和要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，以及(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)措施(shi)專題設計和研究(jiu)等(deng)管理要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。

問：生態導則如何體現源頭防控？

答：本(ben)次修訂，我們高度重視通過(guo)導則的規定，來切實發(fa)揮環評(ping)的源(yuan)頭防(fang)控作用(yong)。在(zai)(zai)建(jian)設項(xiang)目選址選線(xian)方面要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)盡量避(bi)讓生(sheng)態(tai)敏感區(qu)，符合(he)自然保護地、世界自然遺產、生(sheng)態(tai)保護紅線(xian)等(deng)管(guan)理要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)以及(ji)國(guo)土空間(jian)規劃、生(sheng)態(tai)環境分區(qu)管(guan)控要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)；在(zai)(zai)評(ping)價(jia)過(guo)程(cheng)中要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)根(gen)據需(xu)要(yao)(yao)，補充提(ti)出環境比選方案及(ji)開展(zhan)同等(deng)深度評(ping)價(jia)等(deng)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)；在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)態(tai)保護對策措施(shi)方面進一(yi)步明(ming)確了源(yuan)頭防(fang)止生(sheng)態(tai)破壞的具體要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，包括(kuo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)作業避(bi)讓重要(yao)(yao)物(wu)種繁殖期、越(yue)冬期、遷徙洄游(you)期等(deng)關鍵活動期和特別保護期，取消或調整產生(sheng)顯著不利影響的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)內容和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方式(shi)，優先采用(yong)生(sheng)態(tai)友好的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設技(ji)術、工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)及(ji)材料等(deng)。

問：關于下一步執行有什么考慮？

答(da)：生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)導(dao)則自2022年(nian)7月1日起實施(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)執行上留有緩(huan)沖(chong)期。考慮到生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)影(ying)響評價周期相對較(jiao)長，在(zai)導(dao)則實施(shi)(shi)(shi)前部(bu)分項目在(zai)開(kai)(kai)展環(huan)評時，可考慮按(an)照新(xin)的導(dao)則開(kai)(kai)展工作(zuo)。為保障生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)導(dao)則順利實施(shi)(shi)(shi)，我們將開(kai)(kai)展多(duo)項工作(zuo)。一是(shi)加(jia)強宣貫和培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)，采(cai)取政(zheng)策(ce)解(jie)讀(du)、培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)會等多(duo)種形(xing)式(shi)加(jia)強對地(di)方(fang)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)部(bu)門(men)、環(huan)評機構、建設單位的培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)。二(er)是(shi)督促(cu)地(di)方(fang)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)主管(guan)部(bu)門(men)在(zai)審批中(zhong)嚴格(ge)按(an)照新(xin)的導(dao)則要求進行把關，切實保護好(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)。三是(shi)持續開(kai)(kai)展導(dao)則實施(shi)(shi)(shi)效果評估，收集、總(zong)結實施(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)程中(zhong)發現(xian)的問題(ti)，根據需(xu)要開(kai)(kai)展相關后續修(xiu)訂(ding)工作(zuo)。

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