【谷騰環保網訊】長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)是中華(hua)民族的生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)河，是中華(hua)民族發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的重要(yao)支(zhi)撐。2018年(nian)12月(yue)，生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)部、國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展改革委聯合印發(fa)(fa)(fa)《長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)保(bao)(bao)護修(xiu)復攻(gong)(gong)堅戰(zhan)行(xing)動計劃》，有(you)關部門(men)和沿(yan)江(jiang)各級人(ren)民政府(fu)認真落實(shi)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)水生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)呈現持續向好(hao)(hao)的態勢。2021年(nian)11月(yue)2日，中共中央、國(guo)務院(yuan)印發(fa)(fa)(fa)《關于(yu)深入打(da)(da)好(hao)(hao)污染防治攻(gong)(gong)堅戰(zhan)的意(yi)見(jian)》，要(yao)求持續打(da)(da)好(hao)(hao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)保(bao)(bao)護修(xiu)復攻(gong)(gong)堅戰(zhan)。為落實(shi)黨中央、國(guo)務院(yuan)決策部署(shu)，近(jin)日生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)部、國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展改革委等17家(jia)單位聯合印發(fa)(fa)(fa)《深入打(da)(da)好(hao)(hao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)保(bao)(bao)護修(xiu)復攻(gong)(gong)堅戰(zhan)行(xing)動方案》（以下簡稱(cheng)《行(xing)動方案》）。《行(xing)動方案》深入貫徹習近(jin)平生(sheng)(sheng)態文明(ming)思想，明(ming)確了深入打(da)(da)好(hao)(hao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)保(bao)(bao)護修(xiu)復攻(gong)(gong)堅戰(zhan)的總體要(yao)求、主要(yao)目標、重大任(ren)務和保(bao)(bao)障措(cuo)施，是指導推動“十(shi)四五”時期長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)保(bao)(bao)護修(xiu)復，推進長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)流域生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)質量持續改善的行(xing)動指南。

《行動方案》明確了長江保護修復攻堅戰的時間表和路線圖

《行動方案(an)》圍繞長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)庫保護(hu)與(yu)修復，明確了(le)深入打好長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)保護(hu)修復攻(gong)堅戰的主要目標和(he)重點任務。“保好水(shui)”，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)出(chu)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)2025年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底，長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域總體水(shui)質(zhi)保持優(you)良，干流(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)質(zhi)保持Ⅱ類(lei)。重要河(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)得到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)有效保障。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)2024年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底，長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)經濟帶鄉鎮級(ji)集中式(shi)飲用(yong)(yong)水(shui)水(shui)源保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)完成定標立(li)界。“除(chu)黑臭”，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)出(chu)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)2025年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底，縣(xian)級(ji)城(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)成區(qu)(qu)(qu)黑臭水(shui)體基(ji)本消除(chu)，其中長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)三角洲區(qu)(qu)(qu)域力爭(zheng)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)前一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)完成。“控面源”，明確加大(da)太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)等(deng)(deng)重點湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)磷(lin)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染治理(li)、藍藻水(shui)華(hua)防控力度，開展太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)等(deng)(deng)重點湖(hu)(hu)(hu)庫綜合治理(li)和(he)河(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植被恢(hui)復、氮磷(lin)通量監測(ce)等(deng)(deng)試點，著(zhu)力突破(po)面源污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染防治瓶頸。提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)出(chu)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)2025年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底，化肥農(nong)藥利用(yong)(yong)率提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)43%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)，畜禽糞(fen)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)綜合利用(yong)(yong)率提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)80%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)，農(nong)膜回(hui)收(shou)率達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)85%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。“強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)”，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)出(chu)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)2025年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底，水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)質(zhi)量明顯(xian)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)；長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)干流(liu)(liu)(liu)及(ji)主要支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物完整(zheng)性指數持續(xu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)。要求建(jian)立(li)健全水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)考核(he)機制，推進水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物多(duo)樣性恢(hui)復、重點湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)修復。“抓整(zheng)治”，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)出(chu)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)2025年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底，地級(ji)及(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)城(cheng)市(shi)基(ji)本解(jie)決管網混(hun)錯(cuo)接(jie)問題，基(ji)本消除(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)直(zhi)排。長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)經濟帶省級(ji)及(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)工(gong)業園區(qu)(qu)(qu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)收(shou)集處理(li)效能(neng)明顯(xian)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)。基(ji)本完成長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)入河(he)排污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)口整(zheng)治。“防風險”，明確深入推進尾(wei)(wei)礦庫污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染治理(li)的任務安排。提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)出(chu)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)2023年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底，長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)干流(liu)(liu)(liu)岸線(xian)3公里(li)范圍內(nei)和(he)重要支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)岸線(xian)1公里(li)范圍內(nei)尾(wei)(wei)礦庫完成污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染治理(li)。2025年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底，長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)經濟帶尾(wei)(wei)礦庫數量明顯(xian)減少。

在(zai)當前長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)生(sheng)態環境總(zong)體(ti)趨好的(de)形勢下，《行(xing)(xing)動(dong)方案(an)》不過于追求以水(shui)環境理(li)(li)(li)化指標(biao)評價為主(zhu)的(de)優良水(shui)體(ti)比例，側(ce)重(zhong)水(shui)生(sheng)態質量(liang)改(gai)(gai)善。在(zai)攻堅(jian)任務(wu)上，堅(jian)持方向不變、力度(du)不減，持續推進(jin)黑(hei)臭水(shui)體(ti)整治(zhi)、工(gong)業(ye)園區(qu)污(wu)染治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)專項(xiang)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)、“三磷(lin)”行(xing)(xing)業(ye)整治(zhi)專項(xiang)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)、小水(shui)電清理(li)(li)(li)整改(gai)(gai)等(deng)(deng)任務(wu)落(luo)實，著(zhu)力鞏固“十(shi)三五(wu)”期間長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)保(bao)護(hu)修復攻堅(jian)戰(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)作成效。同(tong)時(shi)，在(zai)鞏固基礎上進(jin)一(yi)步“深入”。一(yi)是攻堅(jian)目標(biao)進(jin)一(yi)步拓(tuo)展。首次增(zeng)加生(sheng)活垃(la)圾無(wu)害化處理(li)(li)(li)率(lv)、化肥(fei)農藥利(li)用率(lv)、畜禽糞(fen)污(wu)綜合利(li)用率(lv)、農膜回收率(lv)等(deng)(deng)數量(liang)指標(biao)，并與《農業(ye)農村污(wu)染治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)攻堅(jian)戰(zhan)(zhan)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)方案(an)（2021—2025年）》目標(biao)充分銜接。二是攻堅(jian)領(ling)域(yu)進(jin)一(yi)步延伸，增(zeng)加錳、涉鎘鉈銻等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)金屬污(wu)染治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)，塑料(liao)污(wu)染治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)，地下水(shui)污(wu)染防(fang)治(zhi)，水(shui)生(sheng)態考核，水(shui)生(sheng)生(sheng)物多樣(yang)性恢(hui)復等(deng)(deng)內(nei)容。明確了包(bao)括太湖在(zai)內(nei)的(de)重(zhong)要湖泊磷(lin)污(wu)染、水(shui)華(hua)防(fang)控等(deng)(deng)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)要求。三是攻堅(jian)范圍進(jin)一(yi)步擴大，在(zai)上海、江(jiang)(jiang)蘇、浙江(jiang)(jiang)、安徽(hui)等(deng)(deng)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)經濟(ji)帶11省（直轄(xia)市）的(de)基礎上，增(zeng)加長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)干流(liu)、支(zhi)流(liu)和湖泊形成的(de)集水(shui)區(qu)域(yu)所涉及的(de)相關區(qu)域(yu)。

更加突出“三水統籌”，推進江河湖庫協同治理

習近平總(zong)書記強(qiang)(qiang)調，要提升生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統質量(liang)(liang)和穩定(ding)性(xing)，堅持系(xi)統觀念，從生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統整體性(xing)出發，推進山水(shui)(shui)(shui)林田湖(hu)(hu)草沙一(yi)體化(hua)保(bao)護和修復(fu)，更加(jia)注(zhu)重(zhong)綜合(he)治(zhi)理(li)、系(xi)統治(zhi)理(li)、源(yuan)頭治(zhi)理(li)。《行(xing)動方案》從生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統整體性(xing)和流(liu)(liu)域系(xi)統性(xing)出發，以河湖(hu)(hu)為(wei)統領，統籌水(shui)(shui)(shui)環境(jing)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)，推動長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域上下(xia)游、左右岸、干支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)協同(tong)保(bao)護與(yu)治(zhi)理(li)。在水(shui)(shui)(shui)環境(jing)方面，推動太湖(hu)(hu)—太浦河等(deng)跨(kua)界水(shui)(shui)(shui)體聯(lian)保(bao)共治(zhi)；提出了分階段完成飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)地(di)(di)名錄編(bian)制和鄉鎮水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)地(di)(di)定(ding)界立標(biao)、工業(ye)園(yuan)區污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)收集處理(li)效能提升、長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)入(ru)河排污(wu)(wu)口(kou)整治(zhi)、尾(wei)礦庫污(wu)(wu)染(ran)治(zhi)理(li)等(deng)目標(biao)任務(wu)，明確要深(shen)入(ru)推進城(cheng)鎮污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)垃圾(ji)處理(li)、農業(ye)農村污(wu)(wu)染(ran)治(zhi)理(li)、船(chuan)舶(bo)港口(kou)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)防治(zhi)、磷污(wu)(wu)染(ran)治(zhi)理(li)、塑料和地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)治(zhi)理(li)等(deng)。在水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)方面，明確選擇長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)干流(liu)(liu)及主要支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)、重(zhong)點(dian)湖(hu)(hu)泊和水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫等(deng)具(ju)有(you)代表性(xing)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)體，開展水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)考(kao)核試點(dian)。推動國家(jia)重(zhong)要江(jiang)(jiang)河湖(hu)(hu)庫水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物洄游通道恢復(fu)，增強(qiang)(qiang)河流(liu)(liu)連通性(xing)。推進長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)三角洲、太湖(hu)(hu)等(deng)重(zhong)點(dian)區域生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)修復(fu)、自(zi)然保(bao)護地(di)(di)建設等(deng)任務(wu)。在水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)方面，提出加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)和強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)控制紅線管(guan)理(li)，深(shen)入(ru)實施國家(jia)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)行(xing)動；鞏固小水(shui)(shui)(shui)電清理(li)整改成果(guo)；加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)監督管(guan)理(li)，保(bao)障(zhang)河湖(hu)(hu)基本生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)（水(shui)(shui)(shui)位）等(deng)任務(wu)。

太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)處(chu)長江流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)下游，部分斷面水(shui)(shui)(shui)質達標(biao)不穩定，汛(xun)期(qi)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)強度(du)(du)高，旱季“藏(zang)污(wu)(wu)納垢”、雨(yu)季“零存整取(qu)”問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)突(tu)出。部分水(shui)(shui)(shui)源地(di)(di)風(feng)險隱(yin)患始終存在。太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)等(deng)(deng)湖(hu)泊生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)失衡(heng)尚未根本扭轉，不同時期(qi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)控(kong)還(huan)需進(jin)一步加強研究(jiu)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)東海局作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)機(ji)構，要發(fa)揮(hui)監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)、指(zhi)導、幫扶、協(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，充(chong)分利用(yong)長三角區域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)制(zhi)、長三角生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)綠色發(fa)展一體化示范(fan)區平臺、太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)綜(zong)合(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)省部級聯(lian)席會議機(ji)制(zhi)、太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)跨省河湖(hu)突(tu)發(fa)水(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)事(shi)件聯(lian)防聯(lian)控(kong)協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)制(zhi)和太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)機(ji)制(zhi)等(deng)(deng)，統籌協(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源、水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)重(zhong)(zhong)大事(shi)項，督(du)(du)促(cu)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)政府落(luo)(luo)實(shi)主體責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)《行動(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)》明確的(de)任(ren)(ren)(ren)務和目標(biao)有效落(luo)(luo)實(shi)。一要持(chi)(chi)續推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)綜(zong)合(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)。以發(fa)現問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)、推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)解決為(wei)總(zong)(zong)體思路(lu)，結合(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)各(ge)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)“十四五(wu)”規劃實(shi)施(shi)監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)及(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)突(tu)出問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)發(fa)現和推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)解決工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)制(zhi)，督(du)(du)促(cu)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)實(shi)施(shi)《太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)綜(zong)合(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)總(zong)(zong)體方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)》。指(zhi)導監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)，鞏(gong)固提升(sheng)飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)安全保(bao)障水(shui)(shui)(shui)平，協(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)—太(tai)(tai)(tai)浦河等(deng)(deng)跨界水(shui)(shui)(shui)體聯(lian)保(bao)共(gong)治(zhi)(zhi)，指(zhi)導各(ge)地(di)(di)扎(zha)實(shi)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)市黑臭水(shui)(shui)(shui)體治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)、工(gong)(gong)業園區和城(cheng)(cheng)鎮生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)整治(zhi)(zhi)、長江入河排污(wu)(wu)口整治(zhi)(zhi)、磷污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)任(ren)(ren)(ren)務落(luo)(luo)實(shi)。二要積極推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)考核(he)試點(dian)。圍繞(rao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)指(zhi)標(biao)開展太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)、淀山湖(hu)等(deng)(deng)5個水(shui)(shui)(shui)體水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)考核(he)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)評(ping)估，組(zu)織開展水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)考核(he)指(zhi)標(biao)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)評(ping)價(jia)結果異常情(qing)況(kuang)復核(he)研判及(ji)評(ping)價(jia)結果合(he)理(li)性驗證，科學評(ping)價(jia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)狀況(kuang)。針對評(ping)價(jia)結果反映(ying)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)突(tu)出地(di)(di)區開展督(du)(du)導幫扶，督(du)(du)促(cu)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)扎(zha)實(shi)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣性恢(hui)復、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)修復等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)任(ren)(ren)(ren)務落(luo)(luo)實(shi)。三要加強水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源保(bao)障監(jian)(jian)管(guan)。加強生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量（水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)）保(bao)障監(jian)(jian)管(guan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。指(zhi)導推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)區域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)再生(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)循環(huan)(huan)利用(yong)試點(dian)。作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)組(zu)辦公室(shi)成員單(dan)位(wei)，積極參與(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)重(zhong)(zhong)大問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)研究(jiu)，協(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)持(chi)(chi)續改善。

更加突出“三個治污”，聚焦重點難點深入攻堅

精準治(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)、科(ke)學(xue)治(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)、依(yi)法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)是習近平(ping)總書記對生態環境保(bao)護工(gong)作(zuo)提出(chu)的明(ming)確(que)要(yao)求。《行(xing)動(dong)方案》將堅持“精準、科(ke)學(xue)、依(yi)法(fa)”治(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)作(zuo)為工(gong)作(zuo)原則，要(yao)求遵(zun)循客觀規律，抓(zhua)住主要(yao)矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)和矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)的主要(yao)方面(mian)，因地制(zhi)宜、科(ke)學(xue)施策，加強全過程監管，提升長江保(bao)護修復的針對性、科(ke)學(xue)性和有(you)效性。《行(xing)動(dong)方案》推(tui)動(dong)全流域(yu)精細(xi)化(hua)分區(qu)管控，依(yi)法(fa)推(tui)進(jin)、依(yi)法(fa)保(bao)護，同時對湖庫生態系統(tong)失(shi)衡與(yu)水(shui)華暴(bao)發機理、汛期(qi)面(mian)源污(wu)(wu)染行(xing)政區(qu)域(yu)責任界定、城市(shi)初期(qi)雨水(shui)污(wu)(wu)染防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、開放(fang)水(shui)域(yu)水(shui)生植被(bei)恢復、流域(yu)面(mian)源污(wu)(wu)染防(fang)控等(deng)方面(mian)技術攻關作(zuo)出(chu)安排。

太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)東(dong)海局要(yao)(yao)(yao)聚焦(jiao)關(guan)鍵領域，準(zhun)確把握《行動(dong)方(fang)案(an)》提(ti)出(chu)的(de)(de)“三個(ge)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，持(chi)續(xu)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)自(zi)身能力建(jian)設(she)，提(ti)升精(jing)準(zhun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、科(ke)學治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、依(yi)法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)平，為深入推進長(chang)江保護(hu)修復攻(gong)堅戰作(zuo)出(chu)積(ji)極貢獻。一要(yao)(yao)(yao)錨定“精(jing)準(zhun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。要(yao)(yao)(yao)圍繞問(wen)題(ti)(ti)、時(shi)間、區(qu)(qu)域、對象、措施(shi)“五個(ge)精(jing)準(zhun)”要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，推動(dong)在(zai)若(ruo)干關(guan)鍵問(wen)題(ti)(ti)上(shang)力爭實(shi)現(xian)突破。當(dang)前，太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)等重點(dian)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊藍(lan)(lan)藻水(shui)(shui)華(hua)(hua)暴發態(tai)勢尚未根本扭轉，氮磷濃度偏高(gao)，生(sheng)態(tai)系統失衡，藍(lan)(lan)藻水(shui)(shui)華(hua)(hua)高(gao)發頻發。流域部分(fen)地區(qu)(qu)截污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)納(na)管(guan)(guan)和雨污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)流不(bu)徹(che)底，農(nong)村污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)直(zhi)排(pai)，養殖池塘、農(nong)田退水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)不(bu)到位等問(wen)題(ti)(ti)仍然比(bi)較突出(chu)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊問(wen)題(ti)(ti)日(ri)益凸顯，城(cheng)鄉面(mian)(mian)(mian)源污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)正上(shang)升為制(zhi)約(yue)水(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)持(chi)續(xu)改善的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)矛盾。要(yao)(yao)(yao)聚焦(jiao)太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)上(shang)游地區(qu)(qu)等重點(dian)區(qu)(qu)域，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)核查(cha)，督(du)促地方(fang)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)，降低入湖(hu)(hu)(hu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)負荷。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)汛(xun)期(qi)水(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)，推動(dong)地方(fang)開展(zhan)汛(xun)期(qi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)強(qiang)(qiang)度監(jian)(jian)測分(fen)析與應用。要(yao)(yao)(yao)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)督(du)導幫扶，鼓勵地方(fang)先(xian)行先(xian)試(shi)，在(zai)太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)藍(lan)(lan)藻水(shui)(shui)華(hua)(hua)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)、水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)植(zhi)被恢復、農(nong)業面(mian)(mian)(mian)源污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等重點(dian)難點(dian)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)上(shang)深入攻(gong)堅。二要(yao)(yao)(yao)增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)“依(yi)法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”的(de)(de)保障(zhang)。嚴格貫徹(che)落實(shi)《長(chang)江保護(hu)法(fa)》《水(shui)(shui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)》等相關(guan)法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)和制(zhi)度要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。認(ren)真落實(shi)《國務院辦公廳關(guan)于(yu)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)入河入海排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)口(kou)(kou)監(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)意見》要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，深化(hua)入河排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)口(kou)(kou)監(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)改革，監(jian)(jian)督(du)指(zhi)導各地入河排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)口(kou)(kou)排(pai)查(cha)溯源整治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，做好權限范圍內入河排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)口(kou)(kou)審批和日(ri)常(chang)監(jian)(jian)督(du)，推動(dong)建(jian)立排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)口(kou)(kou)長(chang)效管(guan)(guan)理(li)機(ji)制(zhi)。三要(yao)(yao)(yao)夯(hang)實(shi)“科(ke)學治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)。加(jia)快推進生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)評估實(shi)驗室建(jian)設(she)，全面(mian)(mian)(mian)提(ti)升流域水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)狀況的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)測、調查(cha)、評價能力。圍繞氮磷污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)削減、農(nong)業面(mian)(mian)(mian)源污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)、太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)藍(lan)(lan)藻水(shui)(shui)華(hua)(hua)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)等方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)礎(chu)研究，提(ti)出(chu)有針對性(xing)的(de)(de)對策措施(shi)，為監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)提(ti)供科(ke)學支撐。

作者系(xi)生(sheng)態環境部太(tai)湖流(liu)域(yu)東(dong)海(hai)海(hai)域(yu)生(sheng)態環境監督管理(li)局(ju)分黨組(zu)書記、局(ju)長

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