【谷騰環保網訊】日前，生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境部向媒(mei)體通報了2023年6月和1—6月全國(guo)環(huan)境空氣質(zhi)量狀況(kuang)，其中(zhong)：1—6月，全國(guo)339個地(di)級(ji)及以上(shang)城市PM10平均濃度(du)為61微克/立方米，同比上(shang)升10.9%。

筆者在施工工地揚塵及大氣污染治理日常監察和專項督導幫扶過程中發現：

一是工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)規(gui)范(fan)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)常態化機制尚未(wei)(wei)完全建(jian)立。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)僅滿(man)足于“有(you)(you)”，霧(wu)炮噴淋(lin)、灑水車、焊(han)(han)煙收(shou)集(ji)器等污(wu)染(ran)治理設施閑置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)用；有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)負責人對(dui)揚(yang)塵及(ji)大氣污(wu)染(ran)治理比較(jiao)重視，但有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人還(huan)沒有(you)(you)養成(cheng)土(tu)石方作業(ye)(ye)首(shou)先(xian)落(luo)實(shi)霧(wu)炮噴淋(lin)抑塵措(cuo)施、露天焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)首(shou)先(xian)落(luo)實(shi)焊(han)(han)煙收(shou)集(ji)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等習慣(guan)；有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霧(wu)炮、焊(han)(han)煙收(shou)集(ji)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)距離挖掘機、焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)作業(ye)(ye)點較(jiao)遠，起不(bu)到抑塵和(he)收(shou)集(ji)作用；有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)裸(luo)土(tu)和(he)砂(sha)石料堆苫蓋(gai)不(bu)完全；有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)主干道(dao)路清掃保潔不(bu)及(ji)時(shi)、不(bu)徹底(di)，道(dao)路積塵較(jiao)厚，存在揚(yang)塵污(wu)染(ran)隱患，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至屢查屢犯；有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)非道(dao)路移動機械未(wei)(wei)編碼登記上牌(pai)，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非道(dao)路移動機械尾(wei)(wei)氣凈化裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管線未(wei)(wei)連接(jie)(jie)，或者旁通口(kou)未(wei)(wei)密閉(bi)，尾(wei)(wei)氣未(wei)(wei)經凈化裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)凈化直排(pai)，冒黑煙現象嚴重；有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)食堂未(wei)(wei)安裝(zhuang)油煙凈化裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，餐飲油煙未(wei)(wei)經凈化直排(pai)。

二是(shi)(shi)線性市政工(gong)(gong)(gong)程抑塵(chen)(chen)(chen)措施落實(shi)情況普遍較(jiao)(jiao)差。重(zhong)建設(she)(she)進度輕揚(yang)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)管理現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)比較(jiao)(jiao)突出，有的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)干道路硬化不完全、標(biao)準不高(gao)，灑水(shui)后泥濘不堪，出入口(kou)車輛(liang)沖(chong)洗(xi)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)利用率不高(gao)，車輛(liang)帶泥上路現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)比較(jiao)(jiao)嚴重(zhong)。三是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)揚(yang)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)在(zai)線監(jian)(jian)測設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)安裝不規(gui)范(fan)。存在(zai)安裝數量不足(zu)、位(wei)(wei)置不合理等現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，有的(de)(de)揚(yang)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)監(jian)(jian)測設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)安裝在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)辦公區(qu)或生(sheng)活區(qu)，甚至揚(yang)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)監(jian)(jian)測設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)距(ju)離自動噴淋(lin)施位(wei)(wei)置較(jiao)(jiao)近，出現(xian)(xian)低值，不能真實(shi)體(ti)現(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)實(shi)際揚(yang)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)狀況。

筆者認為，施工工地揚塵及大氣污染治理要找準三個著力點：

工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)、監(jian)理單(dan)(dan)位(wei)要齊(qi)抓(zhua)共管。建(jian)(jian)設(she)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的業(ye)(ye)主，不(bu)(bu)能一包了(le)之，在與施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)簽訂的承包合同中(zhong)要約定揚塵和(he)(he)大(da)氣污染(ran)治理內容（譬如，未編碼登(deng)記(ji)上牌(pai)的非道路(lu)移(yi)動機(ji)械不(bu)(bu)能進(jin)場(chang)等(deng)(deng)），做到規(gui)范施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，不(bu)(bu)能野蠻施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)主體，要嚴(yan)格落實“六個(ge)(ge)100%”及(ji)“兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)全(quan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)”（施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)周邊100%圍擋、裸(luo)露土地(di)和(he)(he)細顆粒建(jian)(jian)筑材料(liao)100%覆(fu)蓋(gai)、出入車輛100%沖洗、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)道路(lu)100%硬化、拆除和(he)(he)土方作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)100%濕法作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)、渣土車輛100%密閉(bi)運輸，以及(ji)視頻遠(yuan)程(cheng)監(jian)控和(he)(he)空氣質量監(jian)測設(she)備全(quan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)）。監(jian)理單(dan)(dan)位(wei)要切實發(fa)揮(hui)監(jian)督(du)作(zuo)用，不(bu)(bu)僅要監(jian)督(du)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量，也要監(jian)督(du)揚塵及(ji)大(da)氣污染(ran)治理等(deng)(deng)。

住建、城管(guan)等相關部門要認真(zhen)履行(xing)行(xing)業監(jian)管(guan)作用。通過(guo)評選標準化工(gong)(gong)地、組織各工(gong)(gong)地負(fu)(fu)責(ze)人(ren)召開現場會觀(guan)摩等方式，加強對工(gong)(gong)地負(fu)(fu)責(ze)人(ren)的培訓(xun)，工(gong)(gong)地負(fu)(fu)責(ze)人(ren)加強對施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)的叮囑，一級帶一級，形(xing)成(cheng)習慣，建立規范施工(gong)(gong)常態化機制。要充分(fen)發揮工(gong)(gong)地揚塵監(jian)測平(ping)臺和視頻監(jian)控平(ping)臺的技(ji)防作用，發現問題(ti)及時推送，要求整改(gai)。

鄉鎮（街道(dao)）行政綜合(he)執法(fa)隊要嚴格(ge)執法(fa)。對巡查發現的(de)工地(di)揚塵及大氣污染防(fang)治(zhi)違(wei)法(fa)問題，要依(yi)法(fa)調查處理，嚴格(ge)處罰。

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