【谷騰環保網訊】北(bei)京市生態環境局官網日(ri)前公布了今年1月—7月全(quan)市噪聲(sheng)投(tou)訴(su)高發的10個(ge)點位(wei)情況。筆者查詢發現，這10個(ge)點位(wei)均為施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)地，而且涉及多個(ge)北(bei)京市重點建(jian)設項目(mu)，如棚(peng)戶區(qu)改(gai)造(zao)安置(zhi)房項目(mu)、副中(zhong)心交通樞紐(niu)站(zhan)、軌道交通22號線（平谷(gu)線）、中(zhong)國人民大學通州新校區(qu)項目(mu)等。作為重點建(jian)設工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，這些項目(mu)本(ben)身受到(dao)的關注度就很(hen)高，不僅要在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量上打造(zao)樣板工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，更應該成為文(wen)明施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的樣板。

近年來，噪聲(sheng)投訴一直居高不(bu)下，建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)噪聲(sheng)更(geng)是(shi)投訴的焦點(dian)之一。可(ke)以說，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)噪聲(sheng)擾民(min)問題(ti)是(shi)城市管(guan)理(li)的頑疾，不(bu)僅嚴重(zhong)影響了(le)百(bai)姓生(sheng)活(huo)，也損害了(le)建(jian)筑業的整體形象。以北京(jing)市此次公布的10個點(dian)位(wei)為例(li)，這些重(zhong)點(dian)工(gong)(gong)程、民(min)生(sheng)工(gong)(gong)程與(yu)百(bai)姓的未來幸(xing)福息息相關，但現在也確實給百(bai)姓生(sheng)活(huo)帶來了(le)困(kun)擾。筆者認為，要處理(li)好(hao)這一矛盾，建(jian)設單位(wei)和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方需要承擔起相應的責任。

去年(nian)開始(shi)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)《噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)污(wu)染(ran)防(fang)治法》明(ming)確(que)規定(ding)(ding)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單位(wei)(wei)應(ying)(ying)當按照規定(ding)(ding)將噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)污(wu)染(ran)防(fang)治費(fei)用列(lie)入工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合同中明(ming)確(que)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)的(de)噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)污(wu)染(ran)防(fang)治責任。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)應(ying)(ying)當按照規定(ding)(ding)制定(ding)(ding)噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)污(wu)染(ran)防(fang)治實施(shi)(shi)(shi)方案(an)，采取(qu)有效措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，減(jian)少振動、降低噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)。建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單位(wei)(wei)應(ying)(ying)當監督施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)落實噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)污(wu)染(ran)防(fang)治實施(shi)(shi)(shi)方案(an)。在(zai)噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)敏感建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)集(ji)中區域施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作業，應(ying)(ying)當優先使用低噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝和(he)設(she)(she)備。同時明(ming)確(que)，噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)敏感建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)集(ji)中區域內，禁止在(zai)夜間(jian)進行產生噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)污(wu)染(ran)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作業，確(que)需在(zai)夜間(jian)進行施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作業的(de)，應(ying)(ying)當取(qu)得工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)所在(zai)地(di)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)行政主管部門核(he)發的(de)準(zhun)予夜間(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)批準(zhun)文件(jian)。

這(zhe)就要求(qiu)(qiu)建設單位和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)要對自身可(ke)能產生(sheng)的(de)(de)噪聲(sheng)污(wu)染擾民(min)問題(ti)心中有數，并將應對措施準備充足，努力將噪聲(sheng)污(wu)染降到最(zui)低。但在實際(ji)執行過(guo)程中，一些建設單位和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)總是企圖“投機取巧(qiao)”。比如，一些施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)在未取得夜間(jian)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)批準文件的(de)(de)情(qing)況下進(jin)行夜間(jian)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，據(ju)媒體(ti)報(bao)道，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)通常會以“施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝要求(qiu)(qiu)必(bi)須連(lian)續施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”“如果停止會存(cun)在安全問題(ti)”“大型作業車輛白天無法進(jin)入五(wu)環”等原因(yin)為自己(ji)申辯，甚至出現(xian)屢罰屢犯(fan)的(de)(de)情(qing)況。

筆者居住的(de)(de)小區(qu)旁(pang)邊曾經是一(yi)個集體租賃住房建設工地，在很長一(yi)段時間里，從早到(dao)晚都能看到(dao)渣土車(che)(che)進進出出。仔細觀察后，筆者發現(xian)一(yi)個奇怪的(de)(de)現(xian)象：白(bai)天的(de)(de)渣土車(che)(che)行駛速度較慢，而(er)且(qie)車(che)(che)輛都按照要(yao)求進行了(le)苫蓋，但(dan)晚上(shang)就變了(le)一(yi)個模樣，不僅車(che)(che)速更(geng)(geng)快，而(er)且(qie)裝載的(de)(de)渣土更(geng)(geng)多，苫蓋也(ye)省略(lve)了(le)。這樣一(yi)來(lai)，不僅噪聲擾民嚴重，道路(lu)遺(yi)撒問題(ti)同樣嚴重。

《噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)污染(ran)防(fang)治法(fa)》規定，國家鼓勵排放(fang)噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)的(de)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)、個(ge)人(ren)(ren)和(he)公共場(chang)所(suo)管理者與(yu)受到(dao)噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)侵害(hai)的(de)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)和(he)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)友好(hao)協(xie)商，通(tong)過(guo)調整(zheng)生產經營時(shi)間(jian)、施(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)業時(shi)間(jian)，采取減少振動、降低(di)噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)措施(shi)，支付補(bu)(bu)償金、異地安置等方式(shi)，妥善解決噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)糾紛(fen)。北京市(shi)住房(fang)城鄉建(jian)設(she)委(wei)、北京市(shi)生態(tai)環境(jing)局聯合印發的(de)《關(guan)于(yu)加強房(fang)屋建(jian)筑(zhu)和(he)市(shi)政基礎設(she)施(shi)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)污染(ran)防(fang)治工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)通(tong)知》明確(que)，建(jian)設(she)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)應對(dui)夜間(jian)施(shi)工(gong)噪(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)影響范圍內實(shi)際居住人(ren)(ren)進行補(bu)(bu)償，根據檢(jian)測(ce)報告和(he)現場(chang)核實(shi)，確(que)定須補(bu)(bu)償的(de)居民(min)范圍，簽訂補(bu)(bu)償協(xie)議(yi)。但是，給了(le)補(bu)(bu)償之(zhi)后(hou)，就能肆意擾民(min)施(shi)工(gong)了(le)嗎？

可以說(shuo)，在眾多噪聲(sheng)(sheng)污(wu)染中，夜間的(de)(de)(de)噪聲(sheng)(sheng)是最(zui)讓(rang)(rang)人(ren)(ren)無(wu)法(fa)忍受的(de)(de)(de)。夜深人(ren)(ren)靜(jing)的(de)(de)(de)環境，讓(rang)(rang)機器的(de)(de)(de)轟鳴(ming)聲(sheng)(sheng)、車輛運(yun)行聲(sheng)(sheng)更加刺耳，會(hui)讓(rang)(rang)人(ren)(ren)焦慮煩躁(zao)、難以入眠(mian)。對于受到噪聲(sheng)(sheng)影(ying)響的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)些人(ren)(ren)來說(shuo)，相(xiang)比微不(bu)足道的(de)(de)(de)補償款，他們更期待能夠安然入夢的(de)(de)(de)環境。

城市發展離不(bu)開必(bi)要的施工(gong)，人們對此(ci)也能(neng)理解(jie)，但不(bu)能(neng)因此(ci)置(zhi)居(ju)民(min)利益于不(bu)顧。因此(ci)，如果把噪聲補(bu)償當成擾民(min)的擋箭(jian)牌(pai)，不(bu)僅有違公(gong)眾(zhong)意愿，更(geng)背離了(le)制(zhi)度設(she)置(zhi)的初衷。對于建(jian)設(she)單位(wei)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，哪怕達成了(le)補(bu)償協議，給付了(le)補(bu)償金(jin)額，也應(ying)該(gai)盡最大(da)努力(li)把噪聲降下來(lai)(lai)，努力(li)做到(dao)施工(gong)少擾民(min)、不(bu)擾民(min)。更(geng)為重(zhong)要的是(shi)，這些重(zhong)點(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)的承建(jian)方(fang)都是(shi)有著央企(qi)、國企(qi)背景的大(da)企(qi)業(ye)，更(geng)應(ying)該(gai)成為履行(xing)社會責(ze)任的標桿，在建(jian)設(she)噪聲施工(gong)擾民(min)方(fang)面做出表率，還公(gong)眾(zhong)一個安寧的生活工(gong)作環(huan)境。

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