【谷騰環保網訊】根據今年(nian)汛期以來黃(huang)河(he)流(liu)域(yu)實際來水(shui)和9月(yue)份徑流(liu)情況看(kan)，本年(nian)度黃(huang)河(he)來水(shui)形(xing)勢不容樂觀(guan)。筆者認為，這將(jiang)對黃(huang)河(he)流(liu)域(yu)的農(nong)業生產(chan)、生態補(bu)水(shui)和生態環境保(bao)護帶來巨大壓力。

隨(sui)著黃河流域經濟社(she)會的(de)發(fa)展，地方(fang)為拉動固定資(zi)(zi)(zi)產投資(zi)(zi)(zi)，紛紛建成投產一批項目，導致(zhi)用(yong)水量劇增，特別是(shi)在(zai)水資(zi)(zi)(zi)源超載地區，用(yong)水指標和(he)水資(zi)(zi)(zi)源矛盾(dun)十分緊張(zhang)，水資(zi)(zi)(zi)源開發(fa)利用(yong)存在(zai)的(de)問題亟(ji)待解決。

未(wei)經水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源論證審批取(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)許可、超許可水(shui)(shui)(shui)量取(qu)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。一些項(xiang)目未(wei)經批準或(huo)取(qu)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)手續(xu)不(bu)完備就擅自取(qu)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)；一些項(xiang)目雖然取(qu)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)手續(xu)完備，但是超許可水(shui)(shui)(shui)量取(qu)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。

取(qu)(qu)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)統計(ji)和(he)計(ji)量設施(shi)不規范。有(you)關(guan)部門在對一些城(cheng)市取(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)口(kou)頒(ban)發許可(ke)證(zheng)時，未明確其居民(min)生活用(yong)水(shui)(shui)和(he)工業(ye)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)量，也未分開計(ji)量，導(dao)致取(qu)(qu)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)關(guan)系不清，難以有(you)效監(jian)管供水(shui)(shui)區(qu)域內新(xin)改擴建(jian)項(xiang)目的違規取(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)問題。一些農業(ye)取(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)口(kou)未安裝計(ji)量設施(shi)，無法確定實(shi)際取(qu)(qu)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)量。

越權(quan)審批(pi)、未(wei)(wei)經(jing)批(pi)準(zhun)擅(shan)自(zi)轉(zhuan)讓用(yong)水(shui)(shui)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)或建設(she)取水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)。有(you)些項(xiang)目在取得用(yong)水(shui)(shui)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)審批(pi)手(shou)續后，違反取水(shui)(shui)許可(ke)管理規定，未(wei)(wei)經(jing)批(pi)準(zhun)擅(shan)自(zi)轉(zhuan)讓用(yong)水(shui)(shui)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)；有(you)些項(xiang)目業主法治觀(guan)念(nian)淡(dan)薄，未(wei)(wei)辦理審批(pi)手(shou)續擅(shan)自(zi)建設(she)取水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)。

用水(shui)浪費。大(da)部分引黃灌(guan)區由(you)于建(jian)成年代早，受(shou)當時條(tiao)件限(xian)制，灌(guan)區工(gong)程質量普遍標(biao)準(zhun)低(di)、工(gong)程配套差、灌(guan)水(shui)技術(shu)落后、灌(guan)水(shui)定額偏大(da)、用水(shui)浪費較嚴(yan)重。工(gong)業用水(shui)再生水(shui)利(li)用率(lv)低(di)，一(yi)些項目為了節省成本，不愿(yuan)投資建(jian)設(she)節水(shui)設(she)施等。

針對這些問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，筆者建議，應加大執法(fa)力度(du)，嚴厲查(cha)處無證(zheng)取(qu)水(shui)(shui)、越權發證(zheng)、超(chao)計劃用水(shui)(shui)等違法(fa)違規(gui)行為(wei)。還要強化日常監(jian)督檢(jian)查(cha)，建立良好的取(qu)用水(shui)(shui)和監(jian)管(guan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)秩序。針對取(qu)水(shui)(shui)口(kou)存在的問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，積極督促(cu)做好整改工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，實(shi)行定期檢(jian)查(cha)、重(zhong)點檢(jian)查(cha)、隨機抽查(cha)，重(zhong)點開(kai)展打擊超(chao)計劃取(qu)水(shui)(shui)、取(qu)用水(shui)(shui)臺賬少報(bao)漏(lou)報(bao)、報(bao)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)與實(shi)際取(qu)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)存在偏差(cha)、非法(fa)取(qu)用水(shui)(shui)等工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，及時(shi)糾正(zheng)違法(fa)違規(gui)取(qu)用水(shui)(shui)行為(wei)，促(cu)進日常監(jian)管(guan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)規(gui)范化、制(zhi)度(du)化、法(fa)治化。

應完(wan)善規劃和建設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)水資(zi)源論證(zheng)。嚴(yan)控水資(zi)源開發利用(yong)(yong)強度(du)，嚴(yan)格(ge)科學進(jin)行(xing)詳細的水資(zi)源論證(zheng)，以合理確定適(shi)用(yong)(yong)水量(liang)。完(wan)善水權轉換制(zhi)度(du)。一(yi)些項(xiang)目(mu)節(jie)水改造工(gong)(gong)程已(yi)完(wan)工(gong)(gong)，但(dan)核(he)驗(yan)工(gong)(gong)作進(jin)展較(jiao)慢(man)，影(ying)(ying)響了項(xiang)目(mu)整(zheng)體實(shi)施進(jin)程。有些水權轉換項(xiang)目(mu)取得用(yong)(yong)水指標后項(xiang)目(mu)進(jin)展緩慢(man)，長期占用(yong)(yong)用(yong)(yong)水指標，影(ying)(ying)響其他新上項(xiang)目(mu)的用(yong)(yong)水指標；還有少數(shu)項(xiang)目(mu)擅(shan)自轉讓用(yong)(yong)水指標。這些都需要(yao)從完(wan)善水權轉換審(shen)批工(gong)(gong)作方面加以改進(jin)、提高效率。

進(jin)(jin)一步規范取(qu)水(shui)(shui)許(xu)可管理(li)，對(dui)(dui)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)行科(ke)學的(de)量(liang)化(hua)管理(li)。結合取(qu)水(shui)(shui)口(kou)的(de)實(shi)際情況，厘(li)清取(qu)退(tui)(tui)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)化(hua)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)，對(dui)(dui)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、城鎮及企業(ye)(ye)(ye)內部用(yong)水(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)行科(ke)學量(liang)化(hua)管理(li)。實(shi)施農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)取(qu)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)單位取(qu)退(tui)(tui)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)觀(guan)(guan)測工(gong)作(zuo)，實(shi)現(xian)分(fen)(fen)開觀(guan)(guan)測計量(liang)，并對(dui)(dui)觀(guan)(guan)測結果(guo)進(jin)(jin)行系(xi)(xi)統分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，因時因地制(zhi)宜、分(fen)(fen)區(qu)分(fen)(fen)類施策，逐步弄清取(qu)用(yong)退(tui)(tui)量(liang)化(hua)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)。加強用(yong)水(shui)(shui)定額管理(li)，推進(jin)(jin)引黃灌區(qu)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)定額測試(shi)和(he)非農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)供水(shui)(shui)區(qu)水(shui)(shui)平衡測試(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)。開展企業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)合理(li)性分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，督(du)促完成水(shui)(shui)平衡測試(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)，為實(shi)現(xian)科(ke)學管理(li)提供依據。

加(jia)大節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)作力度(du)，提高(gao)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)效率。推(tui)進取水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)單位用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)情況(kuang)摸底調查，推(tui)動取水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)單位加(jia)快實(shi)施取退排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)計量(liang)設(she)施安裝工(gong)作。工(gong)業及(ji)農業取水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口計量(liang)設(she)施安裝不完善的，要求其盡(jin)快完善。積極引導引黃灌(guan)區加(jia)快節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)改造，全(quan)力推(tui)廣先進節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)技術(shu)應用(yong)，開展節(jie)約(yue)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后評估工(gong)作，嚴(yan)格執行“總(zong)量(liang)控(kong)制、定額管(guan)理(li)、以水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)定播、供(gong)夠關口”的供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)調度(du)原則，全(quan)面落實(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源剛性(xing)約(yue)束要求。建立非常(chang)規(gui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)用(yong)獎補機制，把(ba)再生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)納入水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源統一配(pei)置，促(cu)進再生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)用(yong)。

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