【谷騰環保網訊】新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能是構(gou)建新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)電力系統的(de)重要基礎裝備，已成(cheng)(cheng)為我國(guo)戰略(lve)性(xing)新(xin)(xin)(xin)興產(chan)(chan)業。近年來，在(zai)國(guo)家政策(ce)大力推動(dong)和技術不斷成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)雙(shuang)輪(lun)驅動(dong)下，我國(guo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能產(chan)(chan)業高速發展。本(ben)文分析了我國(guo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能發展面臨的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)形勢(shi)，從新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能的(de)發展方向、成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)變化、調度運行(xing)等方面研判了新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能的(de)發展趨勢(shi)，并(bing)提出相關政策(ce)建議。

新型儲能發展面臨新形勢

國(guo)(guo)(guo)家和(he)(he)地(di)方(fang)政(zheng)府(fu)密集(ji)出臺(tai)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)支(zhi)(zhi)持新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)展(zhan)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)已(yi)成為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)戰略(lve)(lve)(lve)性(xing)新(xin)(xin)(xin)興(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。在國(guo)(guo)(guo)家層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)，近(jin)年(nian)來，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家從加(jia)強(qiang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)引導、加(jia)大技術創新(xin)(xin)(xin)、規(gui)范行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管理、健全市(shi)場(chang)機制、強(qiang)化調度運(yun)用等(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)面(mian)，出臺(tai)多項支(zhi)(zhi)持新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)措施，推(tui)動(dong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)由商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化初期(qi)向(xiang)規(gui)模化發(fa)展(zhan)。近(jin)期(qi)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院國(guo)(guo)(guo)資委、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家發(fa)改委、工信(xin)部(bu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)部(bu)門釋放出加(jia)大力(li)度發(fa)展(zhan)戰略(lve)(lve)(lve)性(xing)新(xin)(xin)(xin)興(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)信(xin)號，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作為(wei)支(zhi)(zhi)撐新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)大規(gui)模發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)裝(zhuang)備(bei)，已(yi)成為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)戰略(lve)(lve)(lve)性(xing)新(xin)(xin)(xin)興(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。在地(di)方(fang)政(zheng)府(fu)層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)，廣(guang)東省(sheng)明(ming)確要(yao)(yao)將新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)打造成為(wei)廣(guang)東“制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)當家”的(de)(de)戰略(lve)(lve)(lve)性(xing)支(zhi)(zhi)柱(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，提出到(dao)2025年(nian)全省(sheng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)營(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)收(shou)入達(da)到(dao)6000億(yi)元，到(dao)2027年(nian)全省(sheng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)營(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)收(shou)入達(da)到(dao)1萬億(yi)元，裝(zhuang)機規(gui)模達(da)到(dao)400萬千瓦。山東省(sheng)出臺(tai)支(zhi)(zhi)持新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)參與電力(li)現貨市(shi)場(chang)和(he)(he)容(rong)量補償等(deng)(deng)(deng)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)，山東省(sheng)已(yi)成為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)機規(gui)模第一的(de)(de)省(sheng)份(fen)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)家和(he)(he)地(di)方(fang)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)將新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作為(wei)戰略(lve)(lve)(lve)性(xing)新(xin)(xin)(xin)興(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大力(li)推(tui)進(jin)，將推(tui)動(dong)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)快(kuai)速發(fa)展(zhan)。

當(dang)下(xia)(xia)，市(shi)場對新(xin)型儲(chu)能的(de)(de)投資(zi)熱(re)情空前(qian)高漲，大量資(zi)本涌入新(xin)型儲(chu)能行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，有(you)望推動(dong)新(xin)型儲(chu)能技術(shu)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)進一步成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)。近年(nian)來我國(guo)新(xin)型儲(chu)能行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)持續火熱(re)，僅2023年(nian)上(shang)半(ban)年(nian)的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)資(zi)總額就達到734億元，涉及鋰電(dian)池、鈉(na)電(dian)池、液流電(dian)池、便攜式(shi)/戶儲(chu)系(xi)統(tong)、儲(chu)能安(an)全、電(dian)池回收等(deng)多個領域。海(hai)博思創、蜂巢(chao)能源等(deng)十余家新(xin)型儲(chu)能產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)今年(nian)上(shang)半(ban)年(nian)進入上(shang)市(shi)進程(cheng)或完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)市(shi)。在資(zi)本的(de)(de)強力助推下(xia)(xia)，我國(guo)新(xin)型儲(chu)能上(shang)下(xia)(xia)游(you)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)將不斷成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)，新(xin)型儲(chu)能成(cheng)(cheng)本有(you)望快速下(xia)(xia)降。

短期內電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)對(dui)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)需求(qiu)還(huan)不(bu)迫切，隨(sui)著新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)占(zhan)比(bi)逐(zhu)步(bu)提(ti)(ti)升和新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術進(jin)(jin)步(bu)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)將(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)發(fa)揮重要作(zuo)用(yong)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)可開發(fa)的(de)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)資(zi)源(yuan)潛力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)很大。一方(fang)面(mian)，中(zhong)央提(ti)(ti)出要立足(zu)以煤為主的(de)基本國情，推動煤電(dian)(dian)和新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)優(you)化(hua)(hua)組合(he)發(fa)展，未(wei)來煤電(dian)(dian)等(deng)傳統(tong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)仍將(jiang)(jiang)是主要調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)資(zi)源(yuan)；另一方(fang)面(mian)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)交通(tong)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)化(hua)(hua)、建筑用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)化(hua)(hua)等(deng)背景下(xia)，大量(liang)的(de)柔性負荷、電(dian)(dian)動汽車等(deng)資(zi)源(yuan)接入(ru)需求(qiu)側，其(qi)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)潛力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)若能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)得(de)到挖掘，也將(jiang)(jiang)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)大量(liang)靈(ling)活(huo)性資(zi)源(yuan)。2022年，我國風電(dian)(dian)消納率(lv)為96.8%、光伏(fu)消納率(lv)為98.3%，南方(fang)五省(sheng)區新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納率(lv)可達99.8%。傳統(tong)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)資(zi)源(yuan)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)的(de)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)已基本滿(man)足(zu)現階段新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納的(de)要求(qiu)，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)對(dui)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)參與調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)的(de)需求(qiu)還(huan)不(bu)迫切，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)短期內還(huan)無法成(cheng)(cheng)為系(xi)(xi)統(tong)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)的(de)主力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。未(wei)來，隨(sui)著新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)的(de)占(zhan)比(bi)逐(zhu)步(bu)提(ti)(ti)高，同時新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術快(kuai)速進(jin)(jin)步(bu)、產業(ye)逐(zhu)漸成(cheng)(cheng)熟和成(cheng)(cheng)本不(bu)斷下(xia)降，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)將(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)發(fa)揮重要作(zuo)用(yong)。

新型儲能發展呈現三大趨勢

從發(fa)展方向看，新(xin)能(neng)源配建(jian)仍(reng)將是新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)發(fa)展的(de)主要(yao)方向，電動汽車(che)車(che)網互動或(huo)將成為用戶側儲(chu)能(neng)的(de)主要(yao)形式。

新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)建新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作為一(yi)(yi)(yi)種產業政策(ce)，有其(qi)理論(lun)(lun)和(he)實(shi)踐(jian)上(shang)的(de)合理性，仍將是新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發展(zhan)的(de)主要方向(xiang)。從(cong)(cong)理論(lun)(lun)上(shang)看(kan)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)應配(pei)建在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)波(bo)(bo)動(dong)大而調節資源(yuan)(yuan)不足的(de)地方，從(cong)(cong)源(yuan)(yuan)頭上(shang)平(ping)抑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)波(bo)(bo)動(dong)，才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)整(zheng)體(ti)成本(ben)最優。風光新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)其(qi)固(gu)有的(de)隨(sui)機性、間歇性和(he)波(bo)(bo)動(dong)性，在新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)場站配(pei)建新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)可以減少棄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、平(ping)抑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)波(bo)(bo)動(dong)，實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)的(de)綠(lv)色(se)和(he)高效。另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)置新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)由跟網(wang)型(xing)(xing)向(xiang)構網(wang)型(xing)(xing)轉變的(de)技術需要，是提升(sheng)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)安全的(de)實(shi)際要求。從(cong)(cong)實(shi)踐(jian)上(shang)看(kan)，近年來風光發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)快速下降，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)場站逐漸具備(bei)承擔一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)調節責(ze)任的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)建新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)仍將是新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發展(zhan)的(de)主要方向(xiang)。

電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)車(che)(che)(che)網互(hu)動(dong)(dong)或將成為(wei)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)側儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)主要形式(shi)。一是電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)車(che)(che)(che)網互(hu)動(dong)(dong)可(ke)提供的(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)資(zi)源潛力(li)巨(ju)大(da)(da)。據估算，2030年我國電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)保有量將超(chao)過(guo)8000萬輛，能(neng)(neng)提供的(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)力(li)可(ke)達2.8億千瓦，占全國統(tong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)最大(da)(da)負荷(he)15%以上。二是電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)車(che)(che)(che)網互(hu)動(dong)(dong)參與電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)的(de)成本相較(jiao)于(yu)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)側儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)更低。電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)車(che)(che)(che)網互(hu)動(dong)(dong)參與電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)作為(wei)其交通(tong)工具屬性以外的(de)附加價(jia)值收益，是優于(yu)建(jian)設(she)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)側儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)發展方向。

從(cong)成本(ben)上(shang)看(kan)，新型(xing)儲能的成本(ben)未來有望接近(jin)抽水蓄能。

近(jin)年來(lai)鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)成(cheng)本快速下(xia)降(jiang)，未來(lai)還有較大的(de)下(xia)降(jiang)空(kong)間。在生(sheng)產規模、制造工藝不(bu)斷提升以及儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)(tong)高度集成(cheng)化發展的(de)驅動(dong)下(xia)，2012年以來(lai)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)(tong)成(cheng)本已(yi)下(xia)降(jiang)約80%。2023年上半年我(wo)國儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)(tong)中標均(jun)價(jia)已(yi)降(jiang)至(zhi)(zhi)1.33元(yuan)(yuan)/Wh，較去年全年均(jun)價(jia)水平下(xia)降(jiang)14%。目前，鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)全壽命周期度電(dian)成(cheng)本約為0.5—0.8元(yuan)(yuan)/千瓦(wa)時，考慮鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)技術發展趨勢，其度電(dian)成(cheng)本在2025年有望降(jiang)至(zhi)(zhi)0.5元(yuan)(yuan)/千瓦(wa)時以下(xia)，2030年有望降(jiang)至(zhi)(zhi)0.3元(yuan)(yuan)/千瓦(wa)時以下(xia)。

從成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)收(shou)益上看，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)展應對(dui)標(biao)(biao)以下三個成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)：一(yi)是對(dui)標(biao)(biao)抽(chou)(chou)水(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。抽(chou)(chou)水(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟，其全壽命周期(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)為0.2—0.3元(yuan)/千瓦(wa)時(shi)。隨(sui)著新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)和產業的(de)(de)不斷成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟，其度電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)有望(wang)(wang)接近、達到甚至優(you)于(yu)(yu)抽(chou)(chou)水(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。二是對(dui)標(biao)(biao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。儲(chu)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)對(dui)比(bi)棄電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)（新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)），可以反映新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)價(jia)值收(shou)益。目前(qian)，陸(lu)上風電(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)度電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)已低(di)至0.2元(yuan)/千瓦(wa)時(shi)，海上風電(dian)(dian)約為0.5元(yuan)/千瓦(wa)時(shi)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)若能(neng)(neng)(neng)接近新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)價(jia)值收(shou)益將(jiang)得到充分體現。三是對(dui)標(biao)(biao)火電(dian)(dian)調(diao)峰(feng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。我國電(dian)(dian)力系統調(diao)峰(feng)主要火電(dian)(dian)調(diao)峰(feng)機組(zu)提供(gong)，目前(qian)火電(dian)(dian)靈活性改造后參與深度調(diao)峰(feng)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)低(di)于(yu)(yu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。考慮到在碳市場建立后，火電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)碳排(pai)放將(jiang)帶來額外成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)也(ye)有望(wang)(wang)接近火電(dian)(dian)調(diao)峰(feng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。

從運行上看(kan)，現階(jie)段應盡快推動實現新(xin)型儲能(neng)(neng)“統(tong)一調(diao)度、共享使用”；在市場機(ji)制(zhi)完善后，新(xin)型儲能(neng)(neng)可以“自調(diao)度”的方式運行。

目前新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)調度(du)運(yun)行機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)還不(bu)完(wan)(wan)備(bei)，新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)“建(jian)(jian)而不(bu)用”“建(jian)(jian)而不(bu)調”現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)十分普遍，利(li)用率較低。究其原(yuan)因有(you)(you)三：一是(shi)目前我國新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源裝機(ji)與(yu)發電(dian)(dian)量占(zhan)比仍不(bu)高，系(xi)統(tong)對新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)參與(yu)調節(jie)的(de)需(xu)求還不(bu)急迫；二(er)是(shi)目前新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)成本回收(shou)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)夠完(wan)(wan)善，現(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)市(shi)場機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)能(neng)(neng)充分體現(xian)(xian)新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)價值，新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)調用運(yun)行的(de)收(shou)益(yi)有(you)(you)限(xian)；三是(shi)現(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)調度(du)運(yun)行機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)尚(shang)不(bu)完(wan)(wan)備(bei)，尤其是(shi)大量電(dian)(dian)源側儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)仍未(wei)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)網調度(du)部門(men)建(jian)(jian)立(li)明(ming)確的(de)調度(du)關系(xi)。

實現新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)能“統一調(diao)度(du)、共(gong)享使用(yong)”，提升新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)能利用(yong)率是近期需要重點(dian)解(jie)決的問題。只有實現對新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)能的“統一調(diao)度(du)、共(gong)享使用(yong)”，才能有效提高新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)能的利用(yong)率，從而充分(fen)發揮新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)能的價值(zhi)。在未來電(dian)(dian)力(li)市場機制完善后，新(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)能可作為獨立市場主(zhu)體(ti)自主(zhu)參與全體(ti)系電(dian)(dian)力(li)市場，根據市場價格信號，以“自調(diao)度(du)”的形(xing)式(shi)運行，獲得與其價值(zhi)相匹配的收益。

三措并舉推動新型儲能產業發展

首先，以需(xu)求為導向，有序推進新型儲(chu)能在電力系統(tong)中的應用(yong)，大(da)力推動(dong)電動(dong)汽(qi)車車網(wang)互動(dong)。

 系統實(shi)際(ji)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)新型(xing)儲能(neng)高質量(liang)發展的(de)根(gen)本動(dong)力(li)。建議以(yi)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)為導向(xiang)，科學推動(dong)新型(xing)儲能(neng)在電網(wang)中(zhong)安全、高效、經濟和(he)規模化應用，積(ji)極推動(dong)新能(neng)源(yuan)配建新型(xing)儲能(neng)。加大對(dui)電動(dong)汽車(che)車(che)網(wang)互動(dong)的(de)支持(chi)力(li)度，充分挖掘電動(dong)汽車(che)等新型(xing)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)側(ce)資源(yuan)的(de)調節(jie)潛力(li)，滿足(zu)電網(wang)多元調節(jie)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)，為新型(xing)電力(li)系統可靠供電提供支撐。

其次(ci)，加大(da)新(xin)(xin)型儲能(neng)發(fa)展科(ke)技創新(xin)(xin)力度，發(fa)揮(hui)國家能(neng)源(yuan)研發(fa)創新(xin)(xin)平臺創新(xin)(xin)引領(ling)作用(yong)。

新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)構(gou)建新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)電力(li)系(xi)統的重要基(ji)礎裝備，是(shi)我國戰略性新(xin)(xin)興產(chan)業。建議(yi)堅(jian)持新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術多元化(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展，推(tui)進(jin)高安全、低(di)成(cheng)(cheng)本、高可靠、長壽命(ming)的電池儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)本體(ti)技(ji)術研(yan)究，加(jia)大壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、液流儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、氫儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等長時間尺度(du)(du)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的研(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)力(li)度(du)(du)。面向新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)電力(li)系(xi)統構(gou)建需求，以國家能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源研(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)創新(xin)(xin)平臺為依托，推(tui)動(dong)產(chan)學(xue)研(yan)用全產(chan)業鏈(lian)建設，推(tui)進(jin)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術研(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)、成(cheng)(cheng)果轉(zhuan)化(hua)和工程示(shi)范，引領新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。

再(zai)次，推動(dong)建立新型儲能調度運行機制(zhi)，完善新型儲能市場和(he)價格(ge)機制(zhi)。

目前新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)的調(diao)度運(yun)(yun)行(xing)和市場機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)還(huan)不(bu)完備。建(jian)議(yi)加快完善新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)調(diao)度運(yun)(yun)行(xing)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，實現對新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)的“統(tong)一調(diao)度、共享使用(yong)(yong)(yong)”，提高新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)率。建(jian)立健全新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)參與電能(neng)(neng)量、輔助服(fu)務市場的交(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)和實施細(xi)則，探索新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)電站“一體多用(yong)(yong)(yong)、分(fen)時復用(yong)(yong)(yong)”的市場交(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)和運(yun)(yun)營模式。

作者單(dan)位：南方(fang)電網能源發展研究(jiu)院(yuan)有限責(ze)任公司

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