【谷騰環保網訊】2023年11月，中央(yang)第三生(sheng)態環境保護(hu)督察組督察海(hai)南(nan)省(sheng)發現，海(hai)南(nan)省(sheng)一些(xie)地方紅樹(shu)林保護(hu)不力，非法占用紅樹(shu)林保護(hu)區(qu)，破壞損毀紅樹(shu)林等問題(ti)依然(ran)突(tu)出。

一、基本情況

紅(hong)樹(shu)林(lin)是熱帶、亞(ya)熱帶海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)潮間帶特(te)有(you)的(de)胎生(sheng)木本(ben)植物群落，對保護(hu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)生(sheng)態(tai)有(you)著極其重要(yao)的(de)作用，有(you)“海(hai)(hai)(hai)上森林(lin)”“海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)衛(wei)士”之稱。海(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)紅(hong)樹(shu)林(lin)資源稟(bing)賦優越(yue)，約有(you)6100公頃。督察發現，海(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)一些地方仍存(cun)在管理(li)不(bu)當、規劃缺(que)失、整改不(bu)力等問(wen)題。

二、主要問題

一是紅(hong)樹(shu)林(lin)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)理(li)不當(dang)，保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)被違(wei)(wei)規侵(qin)占。海(hai)口市東(dong)寨(zhai)港(gang)紅(hong)樹(shu)林(lin)國(guo)家(jia)級自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)是國(guo)際重要濕(shi)地(di)，也是迄今為(wei)止我國(guo)紅(hong)樹(shu)林(lin)中(zhong)連片面積(ji)最大(da)、樹(shu)種最多(duo)(duo)、林(lin)分質量最好、生物(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣性最豐(feng)富的自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。但該保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)理(li)松散，保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內違(wei)(wei)規養殖等(deng)問題長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)。國(guo)家(jia)有關部(bu)門2012年(nian)即明(ming)確了東(dong)寨(zhai)港(gang)紅(hong)樹(shu)林(lin)國(guo)家(jia)級自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)四至界限，但東(dong)寨(zhai)港(gang)國(guo)家(jia)級自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)理(li)局長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)不按照批(pi)復(fu)邊界對(dui)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)進行管(guan)理(li)。督察發現，保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的緩(huan)沖區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、實驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)仍(reng)違(wei)(wei)法存(cun)(cun)在(zai)約(yue)560畝(mu)養殖塘、7個漁(yu)船臨時停(ting)靠點，上百艘(sou)漁(yu)船隨意進出(chu)，拖網、地(di)籠隨處可見。臨高縣彩橋(qiao)紅(hong)樹(shu)林(lin)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內有約(yue)400畝(mu)養殖塘，地(di)方以(yi)“歷史遺留問題”為(wei)由長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)漠視此問題，未(wei)(wei)制定(ding)整治方案，未(wei)(wei)開(kai)展清(qing)退還(huan)濕(shi)工作(zuo)。三亞(ya)河紅(hong)樹(shu)林(lin)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內建(jian)成金雞嶺橋(qiao)頭公(gong)園籃球場、噴泉廣場、停(ting)車場等(deng)，侵(qin)占保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)約(yue)109畝(mu)。2020年(nian)，三亞(ya)亞(ya)龍灣(wan)青梅港(gang)紅(hong)樹(shu)林(lin)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內未(wei)(wei)經批(pi)準建(jian)成兩層(ceng)建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)，侵(qin)占實驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)約(yue)5.6畝(mu)。

 督察還發現，臨高縣彩橋紅樹林自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)內900余株(zhu)紅樹林，2019年以來陸續枯死，但保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)管理部門(men)未(wei)開展相關巡查，也未(wei)及時發現問(wen)題(ti)并采(cai)取拯救恢復措(cuo)施。

二是紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)(hua)(hua)缺失(shi)，砍(kan)伐(fa)破壞時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。《海(hai)南省紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規定(ding)》明確(que)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)范(fan)圍包括紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)、已(yi)在(zai)沿海(hai)潮間帶(dai)生(sheng)長(chang)的紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)（含生(sheng)長(chang)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)的灘(tan)涂、濕地(di)和縣(xian)(xian)級以(yi)上(shang)人(ren)民政府(fu)規劃(hua)(hua)(hua)用于恢復、發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)的灘(tan)涂、濕地(di)）等(deng)；省人(ren)民政府(fu)有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)部(bu)門組織編制紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)資源保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)(hua)(hua)；省和紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)資源所(suo)在(zai)地(di)市、縣(xian)(xian)、自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)民政府(fu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)主管部(bu)門建(jian)立紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)資源檔(dang)案；禁止(zhi)砍(kan)伐(fa)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)。但至督(du)察進駐時(shi)，海(hai)南省有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)部(bu)門尚未(wei)出臺紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)資源保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)(hua)(hua)，也未(wei)建(jian)立相關(guan)檔(dang)案。由(you)于規劃(hua)(hua)(hua)缺失(shi)，分布在(zai)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)之(zhi)外的紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)底(di)數不(bu)清，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)范(fan)圍不(bu)明，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)措(cuo)施難以(yi)落實。個別地(di)方保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)意識淡薄，缺乏(fa)監(jian)督(du)檢查，紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)砍(kan)伐(fa)破壞時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，甚至到督(du)察組現場(chang)調查時(shi)，才知(zhi)道紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)已(yi)遭受破壞。2022年(nian)以(yi)來(lai)，儋州市光村鎮(zhen)位于生(sheng)態保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)線(xian)內(nei)21.9畝紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)被(bei)陸續砍(kan)伐(fa)。2023年(nian)5月以(yi)來(lai)，臨高(gao)縣(xian)(xian)博厚鎮(zhen)馬(ma)裊灣生(sheng)態保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)線(xian)內(nei)約6畝紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)被(bei)砍(kan)伐(fa)破壞。

三是督(du)察(cha)整改不力，紅(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)林生(sheng)(sheng)境惡化。2018年(nian)海(hai)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)督(du)察(cha)整改方案(an)提(ti)出，2020年(nian)底前(qian)完(wan)成(cheng)位于(yu)文(wen)昌(chang)市(shi)的清(qing)瀾紅(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)林省(sheng)(sheng)級自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)養(yang)殖塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)清(qing)退和(he)還(huan)林還(huan)濕工作。督(du)察(cha)發(fa)現(xian)，2018年(nian)以來，文(wen)昌(chang)市(shi)雖(sui)陸(lu)續清(qing)拆了(le)該(gai)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)部分養(yang)殖塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，但仍有(you)一些養(yang)殖塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)清(qing)退方案(an)直(zhi)到2020年(nian)才制定，且(qie)清(qing)退工作推進緩(huan)慢，核心(xin)(xin)區(qu)、緩(huan)沖(chong)區(qu)內(nei)多處生(sheng)(sheng)產用房(fang)仍在使用。督(du)察(cha)發(fa)現(xian)，該(gai)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)緩(huan)沖(chong)區(qu)內(nei)長約1.5公里的海(hai)岸(an)帶上(shang)，大量(liang)養(yang)殖塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)取排(pai)水設(she)施(shi)遍布海(hai)灘、破壞岸(an)線，海(hai)灘被嚴重擾動(dong)侵蝕(shi)，溝壑密布，觸目驚心(xin)(xin)。養(yang)殖塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)取排(pai)水管(guan)道(dao)大量(liang)穿越保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)核心(xin)(xin)區(qu)，違法侵占核心(xin)(xin)區(qu)問題突(tu)出。緩(huan)沖(chong)區(qu)設(she)有(you)養(yang)殖塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)排(pai)污(wu)口，養(yang)殖尾水直(zhi)接排(pai)入紅(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)林。此外，文(wen)昌(chang)市(shi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)林八門灣片(pian)區(qu)海(hai)水水質從2020年(nian)的二類惡化至(zhi)2021年(nian)的劣四類，并一直(zhi)沒有(you)改善，嚴重威(wei)脅該(gai)區(qu)域紅(hong)(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)林生(sheng)(sheng)境。

三、原因分析

海南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)有關(guan)部門(men)和部分市縣對(dui)紅(hong)(hong)樹林保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)重視(shi)不(bu)夠，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)不(bu)力。東寨港國(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區管理局思想認(ren)識有偏差(cha)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區監(jian)督管理不(bu)到位。文昌(chang)市對(dui)清瀾紅(hong)(hong)樹林省(sheng)(sheng)級自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區督察整改任務(wu)推進緩慢，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區內生態環境問題突出。三(san)亞(ya)市、儋(dan)州市、臨高縣有關(guan)部門(men)監(jian)管不(bu)力，對(dui)紅(hong)(hong)樹林破(po)壞問題未及時查處(chu)。

督察組將(jiang)進一步調查核(he)實(shi)有關情況，并按要求做(zuo)好后(hou)續督察工作。

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