【谷騰環保網訊】近日，中共(gong)中央辦公(gong)廳、國(guo)務(wu)院辦公(gong)廳印(yin)發《關于加強生(sheng)態環境(jing)分區(qu)管控的意(yi)見(jian)》（以下簡稱《意(yi)見(jian)》）。這是新時期深入(ru)推進(jin)生(sheng)態文明建設的又(you)一(yi)項重(zhong)要(yao)舉(ju)措(cuo)，《意(yi)見(jian)》圍繞構建和(he)完(wan)善生(sheng)態環境(jing)分區(qu)管控制度體系，推動生(sheng)態環境(jing)單元化(hua)精準化(hua)差異(yi)化(hua)高水平治理(li)，促進(jin)經(jing)濟社會綠色低碳高質量發展，對支撐(cheng)美麗(li)中國(guo)建設意(yi)義重(zhong)大。

技術體系現狀與進展

建立生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)管(guan)控制(zhi)度是以(yi)習近(jin)平同(tong)志(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)核心的(de)黨中央作出的(de)重大決策部署。2023年7月(yue)，習近(jin)平總書(shu)(shu)記在(zai)(zai)全(quan)國生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護大會上提出，全(quan)面落(luo)實生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)管(guan)控要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，為(wei)(wei)(wei)綠色低(di)碳發展(zhan)“明(ming)底線(xian)”“劃(hua)邊框”，著力從(cong)根本上解(jie)決生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)問(wen)題(ti)。我國生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)問(wen)題(ti)復雜多(duo)樣，不同(tong)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)、流域(yu)(yu)、海域(yu)(yu)等空(kong)(kong)間(jian)地(di)域(yu)(yu)和(he)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)尺度上表現(xian)形式和(he)成因(yin)機制(zhi)差異(yi)較大，具有(you)顯著的(de)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)分(fen)(fen)異(yi)特征。2000年以(yi)來(lai)，國家相繼(ji)發布了(le)地(di)表水、大氣、噪聲環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)功(gong)能區(qu)劃(hua)、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)功(gong)能區(qu)劃(hua)，推動生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)護紅(hong)線(xian)和(he)流域(yu)(yu)水環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)控制(zhi)單元劃(hua)定，初(chu)步建立了(le)不同(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)要(yao)(yao)(yao)素的(de)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)及管(guan)控體(ti)系(xi)(xi)。整體(ti)來(lai)看(kan)，已有(you)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)以(yi)單一要(yao)(yao)(yao)素狀態(tai)(tai)變化監測(ce)與管(guan)理(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，不同(tong)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)技術方法差異(yi)較大，整體(ti)保(bao)護系(xi)(xi)統(tong)治理(li)的(de)水平不高，源(yuan)頭預防(fang)式主(zhu)動干預措(cuo)施針(zhen)對(dui)性(xing)不強。為(wei)(wei)(wei)響應習近(jin)平總書(shu)(shu)記關于生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)整體(ti)保(bao)護系(xi)(xi)統(tong)治理(li)的(de)指示要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，應對(dui)新形勢下生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)精細化管(guan)理(li)的(de)現(xian)實需要(yao)(yao)(yao)，進一步完(wan)善(shan)我國生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)源(yuan)頭預防(fang)制(zhi)度，建立生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)管(guan)控技術方法體(ti)系(xi)(xi)勢在(zai)(zai)必行。

2017年，在連云港等(deng)4個試點(dian)(dian)城市實踐基礎(chu)上，生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)部印發(fa)了(le)(le)《“生(sheng)態保護紅線(xian)(xian)、環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量底線(xian)(xian)、資源利用上線(xian)(xian)和(he)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)入(ru)負(fu)面(mian)清單(dan)(dan)(dan)”技術(shu)指(zhi)南（試行(xing)）》，突出了(le)(le)“問(wen)題識別—質(zhi)量目標—分(fen)區(qu)(qu)管(guan)控(kong)—準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)入(ru)清單(dan)(dan)(dan)”的(de)(de)邏輯關系，構建了(le)(le)從“三線(xian)(xian)”到生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)控(kong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元，從一(yi)般性污染防治到清單(dan)(dan)(dan)化準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)入(ru)管(guan)控(kong)的(de)(de)主線(xian)(xian)，系統提出了(le)(le)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)分(fen)區(qu)(qu)管(guan)控(kong)方案編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)通(tong)用原則(ze)、內容、程序、方法和(he)要求。后續實施(shi)過程中，結(jie)合部分(fen)省(sheng)（市）遇(yu)到的(de)(de)問(wen)題，生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)部又(you)相繼印發(fa)了(le)(le)《“三線(xian)(xian)一(yi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)”編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)要求（試行(xing)）》《“三線(xian)(xian)一(yi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)”成果數(shu)據規(gui)(gui)范（試行(xing)）》《生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)入(ru)清單(dan)(dan)(dan)編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要點(dian)(dian)（試行(xing)）》《生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)分(fen)區(qu)(qu)管(guan)控(kong)動態更新技術(shu)要點(dian)(dian)（試行(xing)）》等(deng)7項具體(ti)(ti)技術(shu)文件(jian)，基本形(xing)成了(le)(le)以規(gui)(gui)范性技術(shu)要求為核心的(de)(de)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)分(fen)區(qu)(qu)管(guan)控(kong)技術(shu)體(ti)(ti)系，為全國各省(sheng)份、各地市建立和(he)完善生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)分(fen)區(qu)(qu)管(guan)控(kong)體(ti)(ti)系提供了(le)(le)有力的(de)(de)技術(shu)支撐。

技術邏輯與關鍵技術

生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)分(fen)區(qu)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)面向生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保護對象，以生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)系(xi)統結構、過程和(he)(he)功(gong)能(neng)特(te)性為基(ji)礎，深入分(fen)析區(qu)域發(fa)展和(he)(he)開發(fa)建設(she)活動的(de)(de)規模、布局(ju)與區(qu)域生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全保障和(he)(he)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)改(gai)善之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)響應關系(xi)基(ji)礎，構建“質(zhi)量(liang)目標—管(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)單元(yuan)(yuan)—準入清單”差(cha)異(yi)化空(kong)間(jian)(jian)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)體(ti)系(xi)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)分(fen)區(qu)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)核(he)心特(te)征(zheng)在(zai)于(yu)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)化、集成化和(he)(he)精細(xi)化，基(ji)于(yu)多要素集成的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)單元(yuan)(yuan)劃定技術，將各(ge)要素分(fen)區(qu)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)要求集成并落實到不同管(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)單元(yuan)(yuan)，確定生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)單元(yuan)(yuan)及差(cha)異(yi)化的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)準入清單，極大(da)促進了多要素管(guan)理銜接融合(he)(he)、功(gong)能(neng)分(fen)區(qu)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)綜合(he)(he)集成和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)措施精細(xi)化。

一(yi)是(shi)綜合劃(hua)(hua)定(ding)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)。綜合考慮生(sheng)態系統完(wan)整性和(he)安全性、環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)改善需求和(he)客觀規(gui)律、資源能源開發利用(yong)與(yu)(yu)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)關(guan)聯性等(deng)(deng)，確定(ding)生(sheng)態、環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)、資源等(deng)(deng)不(bu)同要(yao)素(su)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)區(qu)劃(hua)(hua)定(ding)與(yu)(yu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)方案。在此(ci)基礎上，銜接生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)特征(zheng)及管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)要(yao)求、經(jing)濟(ji)社會特征(zheng)、行政邊界和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)需求，進(jin)行要(yao)素(su)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)區(qu)的(de)融合與(yu)(yu)屬性匹配，運用(yong)空間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析技術形成綜合環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)要(yao)素(su)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)區(qu)圖，將生(sheng)態保(bao)護(hu)紅線及一(yi)般生(sheng)態空間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、水環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)優(you)先(xian)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)、大(da)氣環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)優(you)先(xian)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)等(deng)(deng)綜合劃(hua)(hua)定(ding)為優(you)先(xian)保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)，將氣象水文條件不(bu)佳及污染排放集中、環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)超標(biao)、環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)風(feng)險較大(da)的(de)城鎮和(he)工(gong)業園區(qu)等(deng)(deng)劃(hua)(hua)定(ding)為重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)，其他區(qu)域(yu)劃(hua)(hua)定(ding)為一(yi)般管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)。初步完(wan)成后(hou)，還須對生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)(yu)要(yao)素(su)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)區(qu)中優(you)先(xian)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)和(he)比例(li)、省市等(deng)(deng)不(bu)同空間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)尺度管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)面(mian)積(ji)和(he)比例(li)進(jin)行自上而(er)下、自下而(er)上的(de)多(duo)輪(lun)校核和(he)反饋。目前(qian)，全國(guo)層面(mian)共劃(hua)(hua)定(ding)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)4萬多(duo)個，其中優(you)先(xian)保(bao)護(hu)、重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)和(he)一(yi)般管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)三(san)類單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)面(mian)積(ji)比例(li)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)為55.5%、14.5%和(he)30.0%，建立了(le)覆蓋(gai)國(guo)土(tu)空間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)區(qu)差(cha)異化管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)方案，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)空間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)尺度達到鄉鎮/園區(qu)級別(bie)，促(cu)進(jin)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)源頭預防空間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)精度提(ti)高一(yi)個量(liang)級。

二是精細編制(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)入(ru)清單(dan)(dan)(dan)。以(yi)經濟產(chan)業發(fa)展調控(kong)(kong)、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)護管(guan)理要(yao)求等(deng)(deng)政策和(he)(he)(he)文件(jian)為依托(tuo)，收集、整理、歸并已(yi)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)、環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、資源(yuan)、產(chan)業等(deng)(deng)管(guan)理措(cuo)(cuo)施并將(jiang)其落(luo)實到生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)上，保(bao)證與已(yi)有環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)及(ji)(ji)經濟政策的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一致性(xing)。基于環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)輸入(ru)響(xiang)應(ying)關系和(he)(he)(he)資源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)承載能力，向下分解得(de)到不同空(kong)間(jian)尺度(du)差異(yi)化(hua)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)措(cuo)(cuo)施，開(kai)展資源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)要(yao)素(su)多源(yuan)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)對(dui)策措(cuo)(cuo)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)效應(ying)、經濟成本和(he)(he)(he)社(she)會(hui)影響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)(zong)合評估(gu)，綜(zong)(zong)合考慮公(gong)平性(xing)、效率性(xing)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)經濟性(xing)等(deng)(deng)因素(su)，篩選提出各生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)措(cuo)(cuo)施組(zu)合。集成各要(yao)素(su)空(kong)間(jian)差異(yi)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)要(yao)求，開(kai)展多要(yao)素(su)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)措(cuo)(cuo)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銜(xian)接(jie)和(he)(he)(he)融合，建立“目(mu)標—空(kong)間(jian)—措(cuo)(cuo)施”協同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)數據集，對(dui)應(ying)省—市(shi)—縣—街道/鄉鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)政管(guan)理體系，從空(kong)間(jian)布局約(yue)束、污染排放管(guan)控(kong)(kong)、資源(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)效率和(he)(he)(he)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)風險防控(kong)(kong)等(deng)(deng)維度(du)，編制(zhi)多層級(ji)(ji)、多維度(du)、結構化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)入(ru)清單(dan)(dan)(dan)。目(mu)前，全國(guo)已(yi)編制(zhi)完(wan)成了(le)31個(ge)省（區、市(shi)）、143個(ge)片區、382個(ge)地級(ji)(ji)行(xing)政區及(ji)(ji)4萬多個(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)4個(ge)層級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異(yi)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)入(ru)清單(dan)(dan)(dan)，實現了(le)國(guo)家發(fa)展戰略目(mu)標和(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)治理要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)逐級(ji)(ji)分解和(he)(he)(he)落(luo)地細化(hua)。

三是分(fen)(fen)級(ji)建(jian)設生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)信息平(ping)臺。以優化數(shu)(shu)據(ju)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)流程(cheng)和支撐服務(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)決(jue)策為(wei)導(dao)向(xiang)，遵循(xun)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)成(cheng)果數(shu)(shu)據(ju)獲取、共享、處理(li)與應(ying)用的(de)標(biao)準(zhun)技術流程(cheng)，完善成(cheng)果數(shu)(shu)據(ju)“匯交(jiao)、審(shen)(shen)核(he)、更新和備案”全流程(cheng)技術框架(jia)，打通與污(wu)染源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)、環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)監測及其他有關部(bu)門信息管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)平(ping)臺的(de)接口，建(jian)設成(cheng)果數(shu)(shu)據(ju)共享系統和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)平(ping)臺。同時(shi)，綜合(he)運用大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)融合(he)、機器(qi)學習和空間(jian)分(fen)(fen)析等技術手(shou)段，建(jian)立基(ji)于空間(jian)單元的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)準(zhun)入(ru)智(zhi)能化評估管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)具(ju)，支撐產(chan)業布局(ju)優化調整、項目準(zhun)入(ru)選址、環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)評審(shen)(shen)批管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)等綜合(he)決(jue)策，推動生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)體(ti)系的(de)落地應(ying)用和日常業務(wu)化運行，部(bu)分(fen)(fen)地區(qu)項目審(shen)(shen)批時(shi)間(jian)已(yi)由“周”縮短為(wei)“天”。目前(qian)，已(yi)建(jian)成(cheng)了(le)國(guo)家(jia)與地方高效(xiao)聯動的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)成(cheng)果數(shu)(shu)據(ju)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)平(ping)臺和應(ying)用系統，初步形成(cheng)全國(guo)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)“一張(zhang)圖”管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。

未來技術展望與建議

生(sheng)態環境分區(qu)管(guan)控作為(wei)一項新的制度安排，要堅持人與自然(ran)和(he)諧共生(sheng)理念，以美麗中國建設為(wei)指引，在綠色(se)發展(zhan)和(he)“雙碳”戰(zhan)略背景下，適(shi)應新時期(qi)生(sheng)態環境治理戰(zhan)略性轉(zhuan)變要求，進一步規范、深化和(he)完善現(xian)有(you)技(ji)術方法與標準體系(xi)，加強技(ji)術體系(xi)對生(sheng)態環境分區(qu)管(guan)控制度落(luo)地實施的支撐保障(zhang)。

支(zhi)撐新時代美麗中國(guo)建(jian)(jian)設和綠色低碳高(gao)質量發展，進(jin)一(yi)步推(tui)進(jin)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控理(li)論(lun)與制(zhi)度(du)創新研究。加快完善生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控基礎理(li)論(lun)體系，推(tui)動生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控從污(wu)染防治(zhi)全面轉向支(zhi)撐美麗中國(guo)建(jian)(jian)設，建(jian)(jian)立(li)國(guo)土空(kong)(kong)(kong)間分(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)差異化的(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質量管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)和排(pai)放強度(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控的(de)理(li)論(lun)方法與技術(shu)路(lu)徑(jing)，協同推(tui)進(jin)降碳、減污(wu)、擴(kuo)綠、增長。深入(ru)推(tui)動生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控制(zhi)度(du)研究，推(tui)動形成(cheng)基于生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)承載能(neng)力(li)的(de)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)準入(ru)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控模式，推(tui)動國(guo)土空(kong)(kong)(kong)間治(zhi)理(li)的(de)跨部門、多要素政策協同，形成(cheng)政策合力(li)，支(zhi)撐國(guo)土空(kong)(kong)(kong)間生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)精細化管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。可選(xuan)擇(ze)重點區(qu)(qu)域(yu)、流域(yu)和城市，開展生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控多路(lu)徑(jing)應(ying)用試點，總(zong)結先(xian)進(jin)經驗進(jin)行示范推(tui)廣。

圍(wei)繞生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)分區(qu)管控(kong)(kong)重大技術(shu)需求與(yu)(yu)(yu)關(guan)鍵(jian)瓶頸，進一(yi)步加強生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)分區(qu)管控(kong)(kong)關(guan)鍵(jian)技術(shu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)具研發(fa)。系統總結上(shang)一(yi)階(jie)段(duan)國(guo)家和地方生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)分區(qu)管控(kong)(kong)編(bian)制與(yu)(yu)(yu)實施(shi)應用(yong)的技術(shu)經驗與(yu)(yu)(yu)問題挑(tiao)戰，優化完善生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)分區(qu)管控(kong)(kong)技術(shu)體(ti)系頂層設計(ji)。針對生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)分區(qu)管控(kong)(kong)關(guan)鍵(jian)技術(shu)瓶頸，進一(yi)步完善結構化生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)準入清單編(bian)制技術(shu)，結合人工(gong)智(zhi)能與(yu)(yu)(yu)大模型應用(yong)前沿(yan)完善生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)分區(qu)管控(kong)(kong)信(xin)(xin)息平臺功能，拓展(zhan)應用(yong)場景(jing)，充(chong)分發(fa)揮信(xin)(xin)息管理(li)平臺的智(zhi)慧(hui)決策(ce)作用(yong)。圍(wei)繞美麗中國(guo)建(jian)設、減污降碳協同(tong)管控(kong)(kong)、生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性保護與(yu)(yu)(yu)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)風險防控(kong)(kong)、人體(ti)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)健康保障(zhang)等重大需求，深化重點領域技術(shu)突破，開展(zhan)具有自(zi)主(zhu)知(zhi)識產權(quan)的關(guan)鍵(jian)技術(shu)和模型工(gong)具研發(fa)。

面(mian)向制度全面(mian)落地和(he)基(ji)層(ceng)管(guan)理(li)(li)需求(qiu)，強(qiang)化生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)分區(qu)管(guan)控實(shi)施成效跟(gen)蹤(zong)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)、更新(xin)(xin)調整和(he)監(jian)督考(kao)(kao)核等(deng)管(guan)理(li)(li)領域技(ji)術(shu)支撐。加(jia)快建(jian)立年(nian)度跟(gen)蹤(zong)和(he)五年(nian)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)的技(ji)術(shu)框架(jia)與(yu)(yu)應(ying)用機(ji)制，構建(jian)一套可反(fan)映應(ying)用進展及總體(ti)(ti)成效、與(yu)(yu)監(jian)督考(kao)(kao)核掛鉤的定量與(yu)(yu)定性結合的評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)方(fang)法(fa)，規(gui)范生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)分區(qu)管(guan)控方(fang)案跟(gen)蹤(zong)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)的評(ping)(ping)(ping)價流程(cheng)、評(ping)(ping)(ping)價指(zhi)標與(yu)(yu)管(guan)理(li)(li)程(cheng)序(xu)等(deng)。完善(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)分區(qu)管(guan)控更新(xin)(xin)調整技(ji)術(shu)體(ti)(ti)系和(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)程(cheng)序(xu)，明確生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)分區(qu)管(guan)控動態(tai)(tai)(tai)更新(xin)(xin)、定期(qi)調整的一般(ban)情形、技(ji)術(shu)原則和(he)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范要求(qiu)，完善(shan)相(xiang)關管(guan)理(li)(li)程(cheng)序(xu)與(yu)(yu)審(shen)查機(ji)制，保持(chi)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)分區(qu)管(guan)控制度生(sheng)(sheng)命力。（作者系清華大學教授 劉毅）

延申閱(yue)讀：中共中央辦(ban)公廳 國(guo)務院辦(ban)公廳關(guan)于加強生(sheng)態(tai)環境分區管控的意見(jian)

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