【谷騰環保網訊】記(ji)者近(jin)日從重慶市生態環境局獲(huo)悉，由17個市級部(bu)門聯合印發的《重慶市適(shi)應氣候(hou)變化(hua)行動方案》（以(yi)下簡稱《方案》）正式(shi)出臺(tai)，旨(zhi)在(zai)堅持減緩和適(shi)應并重，抓基礎、強保障、提能力(li)，持續強化(hua)自然(ran)生態系統(tong)、經濟社會系統(tong)的氣候(hou)韌性(xing)，在(zai)科學防(fang)災減災的前提下推動氣候(hou)資(zi)源服務(wu)地(di)區經濟社會綠色(se)發展轉(zhuan)型(xing)。

地空天一體，點線面聯動，保障氣候變化應對穩妥有序

《方案》顯示，“十三五”以來，重慶已建(jian)成由地面氣(qi)象觀(guan)(guan)(guan)測(ce)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、高(gao)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)象觀(guan)(guan)(guan)測(ce)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、天氣(qi)雷達、垂直觀(guan)(guan)(guan)測(ce)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、氣(qi)象衛星地面接(jie)收站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、綜合氣(qi)象觀(guan)(guan)(guan)測(ce)專項試驗外(wai)場、氣(qi)象災(zai)害防(fang)御(yu)應急指揮車組成的地空(kong)(kong)天三位一(yi)體綜合氣(qi)象觀(guan)(guan)(guan)測(ce)系統(tong)。生(sheng)態保護修(xiu)復全面加強，自然生(sheng)態系統(tong)惡化(hua)(hua)趨勢得到遏(e)制，2022年(nian)全市森林覆蓋率達到55.04%，較2015年(nian)提高(gao)9.6個百(bai)分(fen)點。經濟(ji)社會(hui)系統(tong)適應氣(qi)候變化(hua)(hua)能力持續完善，全市建(jian)成海綿城市421平方公里，實施(shi)大中型灌(guan)區續建(jian)配套與(yu)現代化(hua)(hua)改造工程，完善與(yu)氣(qi)候變化(hua)(hua)相關的職業病(bing)救治設施(shi)體系。

與此同時(shi)，重慶還不斷推動氣候(hou)變化相關(guan)的不同層(ceng)級試點(dian)(dian)示范(fan)，其中璧(bi)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、潼南(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)不斷深化國(guo)(guo)家(jia)氣候(hou)適應(ying)型城市試點(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)設，兩江(jiang)新區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)開展(zhan)氣候(hou)投融資國(guo)(guo)家(jia)試點(dian)(dian)，璧(bi)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、北碚區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、渝北區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、黔(qian)江(jiang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、武(wu)隆區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)成為國(guo)(guo)家(jia)生態文明(ming)建(jian)(jian)設示范(fan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，武(wu)隆區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、廣陽島、忠(zhong)縣三峽橘鄉田園綜合體入選全國(guo)(guo)“兩山”實踐(jian)創新基(ji)地(di)。

聚焦兩大系統，提升五種能力，強化“氣候韌性”

根(gen)據《方案》要求，未來十年重慶將重點(dian)(dian)(dian)圍繞自然生態系統(tong)適應氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)能力提升，謀劃和組織實施(shi)(shi)(shi)主城都市區(qu)(qu)骨干(gan)水(shui)(shui)網建設(she)、渝南水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)配置專項研究等水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)安全保(bao)障(zhang)領域重大工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，實施(shi)(shi)(shi)重點(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)域生態綜合治理工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、水(shui)(shui)生態文(wen)(wen)明示范(fan)(fan)村創(chuang)建、綠(lv)色小(xiao)水(shui)(shui)電示范(fan)(fan)站(zhan)、國(guo)家和市級(ji)水(shui)(shui)利風(feng)景區(qu)(qu)建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等河湖生態提升工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，實施(shi)(shi)(shi)“兩岸青(qing)山·千里林帶”工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，推進重點(dian)(dian)(dian)生態功能保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)示范(fan)(fan)建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，實施(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)旱(han)災害風(feng)險防控重大工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，實施(shi)(shi)(shi)長江(jiang)干(gan)流(liu)（渝東北段(duan)）危巖地災防治氣(qi)(qi)象保(bao)障(zhang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、氣(qi)(qi)象科技文(wen)(wen)化公園工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、智(zhi)慧氣(qi)(qi)象“四天”系統(tong)建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，建設(she)1個市級(ji)、3個區(qu)(qu)域性中心級(ji)水(shui)(shui)旱(han)災害防御物資裝(zhuang)備庫。

圍繞經濟社會系統適(shi)應(ying)(ying)氣(qi)候能(neng)力(li)提升(sheng)，重點(dian)開展適(shi)應(ying)(ying)氣(qi)候的多元(yuan)供(gong)能(neng)保(bao)障(zhang)提升(sheng)工程、電力(li)協(xie)同(tong)保(bao)障(zhang)工程、能(neng)源應(ying)(ying)急儲備共享互保(bao)試點(dian)建設等重大工程。同(tong)時(shi)聚(ju)焦提升(sheng)人體健康、氣(qi)象防(fang)災(zai)減災(zai)、城(cheng)鄉人居(ju)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)高(gao)風險區域、敏感二三產領(ling)域，積極開展和深(shen)化適(shi)應(ying)(ying)氣(qi)候變化專(zhuan)(zhuan)項行(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)。重點(dian)推(tui)進氣(qi)候變化健康適(shi)應(ying)(ying)的專(zhuan)(zhuan)項行(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)、氣(qi)象防(fang)災(zai)減災(zai)能(neng)力(li)提升(sheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)項行(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)、水(shui)旱災(zai)害風險防(fang)范能(neng)力(li)提升(sheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)項行(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)、氣(qi)候資源經濟轉化能(neng)力(li)提升(sheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)項行(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)。“以工程強保(bao)障(zhang)，以行(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)惠民生(sheng)。這是我們制定這個《方案(an)》的基(ji)本立足點(dian)”，重慶市生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)局相關負(fu)責人介紹說。

圍(wei)繞(rao)既定(ding)目標，《方(fang)案》重(zhong)點強調要著力提(ti)升(sheng)氣(qi)候(hou)變化(hua)監測(ce)預警(jing)和風險管理能(neng)(neng)力、提(ti)升(sheng)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)適應氣(qi)候(hou)變化(hua)能(neng)(neng)力、提(ti)升(sheng)經濟(ji)社會系(xi)統(tong)(tong)適應氣(qi)候(hou)變化(hua)能(neng)(neng)力、提(ti)升(sheng)適應氣(qi)候(hou)變化(hua)的區域協作能(neng)(neng)力、提(ti)升(sheng)氣(qi)候(hou)資(zi)源經濟(ji)轉化(hua)能(neng)(neng)力等“五種能(neng)(neng)力”，進(jin)而(er)強化(hua)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和經濟(ji)社會系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的氣(qi)候(hou)韌性。 

值得關注的(de)是，《方案》專章強調了構建(jian)適(shi)(shi)應(ying)氣候(hou)(hou)變化的(de)空間格(ge)局的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要性和操作措施，分別對(dui)成渝地(di)區(qu)(qu)雙城(cheng)經濟圈、長江上下游(you)適(shi)(shi)應(ying)氣候(hou)(hou)變化區(qu)(qu)域(yu)流域(yu)協作進行了政策安排(pai)和措施細化，尤其針對(dui)重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)渝東北(bei)、渝東南、主城(cheng)都市區(qu)(qu)、中心城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)四大(da)片區(qu)(qu)如何差異化提升適(shi)(shi)應(ying)氣候(hou)(hou)變化能(neng)力做(zuo)出(chu)了具體化安排(pai)。

針(zhen)對重慶(qing)夏(xia)季(ji)酷熱難耐天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，《方案》明確提出(chu)，要開(kai)展精(jing)細(xi)風熱氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)環境評估，構建(jian)(jian)(jian)城市(shi)(shi)通(tong)風廊(lang)(lang)道(dao)系統，緩解中心城區(qu)(qu)(qu)城市(shi)(shi)熱島(dao)效應。增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)(liang)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)加強(qiang)沿江(jiang)(jiang)立體(ti)開(kai)發建(jian)(jian)(jian)設管控，構建(jian)(jian)(jian)城市(shi)(shi)級通(tong)風廊(lang)(lang)道(dao)系統，禁止(zhi)“兩(liang)江(jiang)(jiang)四岸”區(qu)(qu)(qu)域高強(qiang)度(du)開(kai)發，不在城市(shi)(shi)通(tong)風廊(lang)(lang)道(dao)上新建(jian)(jian)(jian)高層(ceng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群，街(jie)區(qu)(qu)(qu)盛行風上游建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)間口率不宜大(da)于(yu)60%，實現熱島(dao)比例指(zhi)數較(jiao)2020年降(jiang)低(di)5%以上，針(zhen)對兩(liang)江(jiang)(jiang)干流，嚴(yan)格實施規劃退距(ju)，確保長江(jiang)(jiang)、嘉陵江(jiang)(jiang)主通(tong)風廊(lang)(lang)道(dao)暢通(tong)。存量(liang)(liang)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)結(jie)合(he)老舊片(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)改造(zao)，結(jie)合(he)考(kao)慮打通(tong)臨(lin)(lin)江(jiang)(jiang)風廊(lang)(lang)，降(jiang)低(di)山城熱島(dao)效應。打通(tong)臨(lin)(lin)山風廊(lang)(lang)，引(yin)山風入城。增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)(liang)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)保持山坡綠化(hua)(hua)、減(jian)少土地(di)硬化(hua)(hua)，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加冷空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)源頭輸(shu)送，合(he)理規劃臨(lin)(lin)山建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)布局(ju)(ju)，降(jiang)低(di)山谷風的輸(shu)送損耗，保障臨(lin)(lin)山風廊(lang)(lang)暢通(tong)。存量(liang)(liang)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)結(jie)合(he)老舊片(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)改造(zao)，打通(tong)臨(lin)(lin)山風廊(lang)(lang)，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加局(ju)(ju)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)舒適度(du)。

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