【谷騰環保網訊】農(nong)(nong)村生(sheng)活污水(shui)處(chu)理設(she)施(shi)是重要的農(nong)(nong)村環(huan)境基礎設(she)施(shi)之一，在推進農(nong)(nong)村環(huan)境整治、建設(she)美麗鄉村工(gong)作中發揮著(zhu)重要作用。隨著(zhu)農(nong)(nong)村環(huan)境整治工(gong)作的推進，集中式(shi)農(nong)(nong)村生(sheng)活污水(shui)處(chu)理站建設(she)數量(liang)逐漸增多(duo)，設(she)施(shi)運(yun)行電費高(gao)、監管難度大等難題逐漸顯現。

為確保農村生活污(wu)水處(chu)理(li)站(zhan)正常運(yun)(yun)行(xing)，山東省(sheng)從用(yong)電(dian)價格改革和(he)用(yong)電(dian)監(jian)控雙向發力(li)，在青島市西(xi)海岸新(xin)區和(he)日照市率先開展“用(yong)電(dian)價格保障與用(yong)電(dian)監(jian)控”探索，并將成(cheng)功經(jing)驗進行(xing)推(tui)廣，推(tui)動全省(sheng)各(ge)地積極運(yun)(yun)轉農村生活污(wu)水處(chu)理(li)站(zhan)，提高設施正常運(yun)(yun)行(xing)率，確保治理(li)效果。

堅(jian)持多(duo)部(bu)門協同合作、齊抓共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。為建立山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)村生活污(wu)水處理(li)設施(shi)(shi)長效運維(wei)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)機制，山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生態環境廳、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)業農(nong)村廳等多(duo)個省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)直部(bu)門聯(lian)合印(yin)發(fa)實施(shi)(shi)《山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)村生活污(wu)水處理(li)設施(shi)(shi)運行(xing)維(wei)護暫行(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)辦法(fa)》，進一步厘(li)清省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、市、縣、鄉、村五級職(zhi)責(ze)(ze)，將農(nong)村生活污(wu)水處理(li)設施(shi)(shi)治理(li)“運動員(yuan)”和監管(guan)(guan)(guan)“裁判員(yuan)”分開，明確了(le)設施(shi)(shi)責(ze)(ze)任主體、監管(guan)(guan)(guan)要(yao)求(qiu)和運維(wei)經費保障要(yao)求(qiu)，為全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)開展(zhan)“用電(dian)(dian)價(jia)格保障與用電(dian)(dian)監控”提供了(le)政策支撐。

推(tui)動(dong)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)改革，切實(shi)降低農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污水處(chu)(chu)理(li)站運行(xing)(xing)成(cheng)本。2022年，中辦、國辦印發(fa)《鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)方案》，山(shan)東省印發(fa)《關于農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污水處(chu)(chu)理(li)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)政策(ce)有(you)關事項(xiang)的(de)函》，明確(que)提(ti)出全省農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污水處(chu)(chu)理(li)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)執行(xing)(xing)居(ju)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)。為推(tui)動(dong)利好政策(ce)切實(shi)落(luo)地實(shi)施(shi)(shi)，青島市以(yi)西(xi)海(hai)岸新區(qu)為試(shi)點，將農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污水處(chu)(chu)理(li)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)由一(yi)(yi)般(ban)工(gong)商業用(yong)(yong)電(dian)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)調(diao)整為居(ju)民(min)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)，并對(dui)政策(ce)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)效以(yi)來多繳的(de)電(dian)費進行(xing)(xing)退減。用(yong)(yong)電(dian)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)調(diao)整后，電(dian)費單價(jia)由0.72元(yuan)/千(qian)瓦(wa)時降至(zhi)0.55元(yuan)/千(qian)瓦(wa)時，降幅23.6%。據估算(suan)，以(yi)日處(chu)(chu)理(li)規模200噸、采(cai)用(yong)(yong)“A2O+MBBR”處(chu)(chu)理(li)工(gong)藝的(de)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污水處(chu)(chu)理(li)站為例，可節省電(dian)費8400元(yuan)/年。以(yi)青島西(xi)海(hai)岸新區(qu)為先行(xing)(xing)經驗，山(shan)東在全省層面加速推(tui)動(dong)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)改革政策(ce)落(luo)實(shi)，一(yi)(yi)定程度(du)上緩(huan)解(jie)了各(ge)地農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污水處(chu)(chu)理(li)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)運維資(zi)金保(bao)障壓力。

探(tan)索(suo)“用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)”新(xin)手段，推動農(nong)村生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)站(zhan)精準(zhun)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管。日照(zhao)市(shi)積極探(tan)索(suo)、先行(xing)先試，將工業企業環保設(she)施用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)方法創新(xin)應用(yong)(yong)到農(nong)村生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設(she)施監(jian)(jian)(jian)管過程中。選擇不同處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)工藝、不同規模的污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)站(zhan)，安裝(zhuang)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)設(she)備(bei)，根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的有無(wu)及(ji)大(da)小，監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設(she)施是(shi)否正常(chang)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)運行(xing)，及(ji)時(shi)發現(xian)設(she)施停(ting)運問題，及(ji)時(shi)通報運維(wei)方整改，大(da)幅提(ti)高了(le)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管精準(zhun)度(du)。每座污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)站(zhan)僅需安裝(zhuang)一臺(tai)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)設(she)備(bei)，安裝(zhuang)費用(yong)(yong)為2000元(yuan)—3000元(yuan)，設(she)備(bei)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)10年左(zuo)右，運行(xing)功率和電(dian)(dian)(dian)費較低(di)，相較“駕車(che)加徒(tu)步”的現(xian)場檢查方式(shi)，費用(yong)(yong)降低(di)2/3，監(jian)(jian)(jian)管成(cheng)本大(da)幅下(xia)降。日照(zhao)市(shi)投資50余(yu)萬元(yuan)，對(dui)(dui)全(quan)市(shi)日處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)能力20噸以上的農(nong)村污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設(she)施進行(xing)安裝(zhuang)應用(yong)(yong)，探(tan)索(suo)出了(le)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)新(xin)方式(shi)，對(dui)(dui)山(shan)東省實現(xian)對(dui)(dui)農(nong)村生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)站(zhan)科學、精準(zhun)、有效監(jian)(jian)(jian)管具有重要意義。

作(zuo)者單(dan)位：山東省生態環境(jing)規劃研究(jiu)院

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