1 工藝流程

生物濾池處理有機廢氣的工藝(yi)流程如圖(tu)2.

具有(you)一(yi)定濕度的有(you)機(ji)廢氣(qi)進(jin)入生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)濾(lv)池 ,通(tong)過(guo) 50～100 cm的生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)活性填(tian)料(liao)層 ,污染物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)從氣(qi)相轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移(yi)到生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)相 ,進(jin)而被(bei)微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氧(yang)化(hua)分(fen)解(jie).分(fen)解(jie)過(guo)程由異氧(yang)型微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)在有(you)氧(yang)和中性微堿條件完成.一(yi)般(ban)有(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)最(zui)終(zhong)分(fen)解(jie)為(wei) CO2 ;有(you)機(ji)氮(dan)先被(bei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei) NH3 ,繼而轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)硝酸鹽(yan)(yan);硫化(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)先被(bei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei) H2S ,繼而氧(yang)化(hua)為(wei)硫酸鹽(yan)(yan).凈化(hua)后(hou)的氣(qi)體排(pai)出.

2 過濾材料

生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)濾(lv)(lv)池的填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)層是具有吸附性的濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao) ,多為(wei)土壤、堆(dui)肥、木屑、活性炭或(huo)幾種濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)混合而(er)成.濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)要(yao)(yao)具有良好(hao)的透氣(qi)性和(he)適度(du)的通水(shui)和(he)持水(shui)性 ,以(yi)及豐富的微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)群落.濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)充當(dang)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(主要(yao)(yao)是細菌和(he)真菌)的載體(ti) ,而(er)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)又將(jiang)濕潤生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜中(zhong)的填充物(wu)(wu)顆粒團團圍住.濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)還(huan)向(xiang)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)提(ti)供其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活必需的營(ying)養 ,這些(xie)營(ying)養物(wu)(wu)可以(yi)循(xun)環利用 ,但(dan)最終還(huan)是會被礦化作用分解.通常 ,在(zai)幾年的運行以(yi)后營(ying)養物(wu)(wu)被耗盡 ,需要(yao)(yao)更換濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao).濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)顆粒的大(da)小 ,一般以(yi)既能(neng)提(ti)供合理的吸附表(biao)面 ,又具有滿意的滯流性為(wei)宜.生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)濾(lv)(lv)池有單(dan)濾(lv)(lv)床(chuang)(chuang)開(kai)放(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)、多濾(lv)(lv)床(chuang)(chuang)封(feng)閉式(shi)(shi)等形(xing)式(shi)(shi).與(yu)開(kai)放(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)單(dan)濾(lv)(lv)床(chuang)(chuang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)濾(lv)(lv)池相(xiang)比 ,封(feng)閉式(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)濾(lv)(lv)池對維(wei)護的要(yao)(yao)求低(di) ,占(zhan)地少 ,受氣(qi)候影響(xiang)小且(qie)容易監控(kong) ,但(dan)造價較(jiao)高.

3 工藝條件

生物濾(lv)池的進氣(qi)方式可采(cai)用(yong)升流(liu)式或下降式 ,前者容易造成(cheng)(cheng)深層濾(lv)料(liao)干化 ,后(hou)者則可避(bi)免 ,并可防止(zhi)未(wei)經(jing)填料(liao)凈化的可流(liu)性(xing)有(you)機物排出.為(wei)防止(zhi)氣(qi)體中(zhong)顆(ke)粒物造成(cheng)(cheng)濾(lv)料(liao)堵塞 ,廢氣(qi)進入濾(lv)池前必須除塵(chen). 廢氣(qi)應(ying)被(bei)水氣(qi)濕潤 (相對濕度(du)(du) >95 %) ,以(yi)(yi)免濾(lv)料(liao)干燥、 開裂;適(shi)宜的操作溫度(du)(du)為(wei)15～40 ℃;濾(lv)床(chuang)含水量(liang)(質量(liang)分數)的范圍是 40 %～60 %;適(shi)宜的pH值 7.0～8.0 ;適(shi)宜的有(you)機物質量(liang)濃度(du)(du)為(wei) 1 000 mg/ m3以(yi)(yi)下 ,不應(ying)高于3 000～5000 mg/ m3;廢氣(qi)與濾(lv)層的接觸時間約x30～100 s.

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