1 水清洗法

污水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)廠(chang)產生(sheng)的(de)臭(chou)氣物(wu)質如有(you)機(ji)(ji)硫(liu)、有(you)機(ji)(ji)胺、烯烴、硫(liu)化(hua)氫以(yi)及氨等(deng),在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)均有(you)一定的(de)溶解(jie)度,可(ke)采用水(shui)(shui)(shui)清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)法(fa)處理(li)(li)。但(dan)是(shi)由于(yu)(yu)這些(xie)物(wu)質在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)的(de)溶解(jie)度有(you)限,不(bu)可(ke)能無限地增加(jia),一旦該物(wu)質在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)達(da)到飽和,清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)效(xiao)果(guo)將會急劇下降,甚(shen)至完全失去(qu)作用,因此需要經(jing)(jing)常(chang)更換清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui),這將導(dao)致清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)產生(sheng)的(de)廢液量(liang)很大,由于(yu)(yu)清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)廢液必須經(jing)(jing)過處理(li)(li)之(zhi)后才能排放,從而加(jia)重了污水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)系統的(de)負(fu)擔。除此之(zhi)外,對于(yu)(yu)一些(xie)高分子有(you)機(ji)(ji)臭(chou)氣物(wu)質來說(shuo),水(shui)(shui)(shui)清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)法(fa)的(de)去(qu)除效(xiao)果(guo)比較差。水(shui)(shui)(shui)清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)法(fa)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)性好(hao),投資和運行成(cheng)本均較低,但(dan)凈化(hua)效(xiao)果(guo)一般。

2 活性炭吸附法

活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)法是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)以(yi)(yi)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)碳為(wei)原料(liao),利用(yong)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)功能對臭(chou)(chou)氣進(jin)(jin)行處理的(de)(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)臭(chou)(chou)方(fang)式。為(wei)了(le)有效地除(chu)(chu)(chu)去(qu)(qu)多種(zhong)臭(chou)(chou)氣物(wu)質(zhi),通常利用(yong)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)不同性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭,在(zai)(zai)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)塔內設置(zhi)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)酸性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭、吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭和(he)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭,臭(chou)(chou)氣和(he)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭接觸后,即可排出吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)塔。活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)法可以(yi)(yi)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)許多臭(chou)(chou)氣物(wu)質(zhi),主要是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)(guo)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)作用(yong),將產生臭(chou)(chou)氣的(de)(de)(de)VOC 等(deng)(deng)(deng)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭的(de)(de)(de)微孔里,其中(zhong)乙醛、吲哚(duo)、3 - 甲基吲哚(duo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)惡臭(chou)(chou)成分(fen)是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)(guo)物(wu)理吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de);其他一些致臭(chou)(chou)成分(fen)(如H2 S 或(huo)硫(liu)醇等(deng)(deng)(deng)) 則是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭表(biao)面進(jin)(jin)行氧化(hua)反應而進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)。活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭達到飽(bao)和(he)后,需(xu)通過(guo)(guo)熱空氣、蒸汽或(huo)苛性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)堿浸沒(mei)進(jin)(jin)行再生、洗(xi)脫(tuo)或(huo)替換。由于(yu)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)能力極(ji)易(yi)受臭(chou)(chou)氣中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)潮氣、灰塵(chen)等(deng)(deng)(deng)雜物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)影響而下降,因此常需(xu)在(zai)(zai)脫(tuo)臭(chou)(chou)管道上安裝除(chu)(chu)(chu)濕、除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)等(deng)(deng)(deng)裝置(zhi)防(fang)止(zhi)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭受潮。Huiqi Duan 等(deng)(deng)(deng) 運用(yong)有微生物(wu)附(fu)(fu)(fu)著的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)碳小球為(wei)填料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)生物(wu)過(guo)(guo)濾器對H2S 實現(xian)高效去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)。

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