攀鋼(gang)煤化(hua)工(gong)廠廢水(shui)(shui)處理系統(tong)(tong)(tong)于2006年6月投用(yong)(yong),采用(yong)(yong) A2/O3工(gong)藝,設計處理能(neng)(neng)力150 t/h。在(zai)調試運行過(guo)程中發現系統(tong)(tong)(tong)抗(kang)沖擊負荷能(neng)(neng)力不足,運行穩定(ding)(ding)性不強,水(shui)(shui)解酸化(hua)單元(yuan)作用(yong)(yong)不明顯,反硝化(hua)單元(yuan)停留時間不足等(deng)問題。2008年3月煤化(hua)工(gong)廠對該系統(tong)(tong)(tong)進行了改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao),改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)后的工(gong)藝為A/O2+生物接觸氧化(hua)工(gong)藝。改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)后,系統(tong)(tong)(tong)穩定(ding)(ding)性和抗(kang)沖擊能(neng)(neng)力明顯加強,出(chu)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質穩定(ding)(ding),生化(hua)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)水(shui)(shui)NO3-N≤15 mg/L,COD≤ 150 mg/L。

1　攀鋼煤化工廠廢水水質

攀鋼煤化(hua)工(gong)廠廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)主要來源:一是(shi)(shi)剩余氨(an)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),它是(shi)(shi)在(zai)煤干(gan)餾及(ji)煤氣(qi)冷卻中(zhong)產生(sheng)的廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),其(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)占焦化(hua)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總量(liang)的一半(ban)以上,是(shi)(shi)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的主要來源;二(er)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)煤氣(qi)凈化(hua)過(guo)程中(zhong)產生(sheng)的廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),如煤氣(qi)終冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和粗(cu)苯分離水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng);三是(shi)(shi)在(zai)焦油、粗(cu)苯等(deng)精(jing)制過(guo)程中(zhong)及(ji)其(qi)他場合產生(sheng)的廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。攀鋼煤化(hua)工(gong)廠廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)全部進行(xing)蒸(zheng)氨(an),然(ran)后(hou)進入廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理系統。通過(guo)GC-MS對攀鋼煤化(hua)工(gong)廠廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質進行(xing)了成分分析,見圖(tu)(tu)1。由圖(tu)(tu)可(ke)見由于(yu)該廠沒有溶劑脫酚等(deng)設施(shi),廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)主要含酚類(lei)物(wu)質、喹啉、吡啶等(deng)。通過(guo)檢測(ce)發現該廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)可(ke)生(sheng)化(hua)性較好,基(ji)本在(zai)0.5左右(you)。

圖1　攀鋼煤化工廠蒸氨廢水色譜-質譜

2　改造后的工藝流程

攀鋼煤化工(gong)廠(chang)廢(fei)水(shui)處理系統改造后工(gong)藝流程如圖(tu)2所示。生化處理系統采用A/O2+生物接觸氧化工(gong)藝。

圖2　煤化工廠廢水處理系統工藝流程

考慮到(dao)該廠廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)COD較高,平(ping)均在(zai)4 g/L左(zuo)右,通過稀(xi)釋的手段降低COD極(ji)不經濟(ji),且影響系(xi)(xi)統(tong)處(chu)(chu)理負荷(he)的提(ti)升(sheng), 因此將(jiang)該廠1套舊(jiu)的廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)理設施(一生化(hua)(hua)(hua))與(yu)該套系(xi)(xi)統(tong)串聯運行(xing),使(shi)部分廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)到(dao)一生化(hua)(hua)(hua)進行(xing)好氧(yang)處(chu)(chu)理,處(chu)(chu)理后的廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)稀(xi)釋水(shui)進入廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)理系(xi)(xi)統(tong),控制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)進水(shui)COD<2 500 mg/L。由(you)于缺氧(yang)段設計停留時間偏短,僅(jin)8 h,因此將(jiang)硝(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)液回流到(dao)原(yuan)水(shui)解酸化(hua)(hua)(hua)池(chi),轉為(wei)(wei)(wei)缺氧(yang)池(chi)使(shi)用,同時在(zai)池(chi)內增設彈性填料(liao)。缺氧(yang)池(chi)主(zhu)要負責反(fan)硝(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua),將(jiang)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)中的硝(xiao)(xiao)酸根(gen)(gen)、亞硝(xiao)(xiao)酸根(gen)(gen)還原(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)氮(dan)氣(qi);碳(tan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)池(chi)主(zhu)要負責有機物(wu)的去除,以(yi)(yi)碳(tan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)菌為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu);硝(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)池(chi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一級(ji)硝(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)反(fan)應(ying),以(yi)(yi)亞硝(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)菌、硝(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)菌為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu);生物(wu)接(jie)觸氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)池(chi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)二級(ji)硝(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)反(fan)應(ying),進一步氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua),防止出水(shui)亞硝(xiao)(xiao)酸根(gen)(gen)的累積,減少出水(shui)的毒性。

3　系統運行控制及效果

3.1　進水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質及各單元池控制參數

系(xi)統運行參(can)數見表1。

表1　系統運行參數

4　改造前后生化處理系統出水水質情況對比

5　結論

參考文獻

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