摘要 在中(zhong)試規模上研(yan)究(jiu)了采用(yong)“催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鐵(tie)+A／O生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”及(ji)“A／O生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)/催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鐵(tie)內循環”工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)處(chu)理高(gao)(gao)有機濃度精細化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)區污水(shui)的(de)效(xiao)果(guo)及(ji)特點。實驗證(zheng)明，催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鐵(tie)作為生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)預處(chu)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)處(chu)理此(ci)污水(shui)鐵(tie)填(tian)料(liao)表面(mian)出(chu)現結垢(gou)(gou)及(ji)有機物黏附的(de)現象。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)/催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鐵(tie)內循環工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)對(dui)污水(shui)CODcr、NH3-N去(qu)除率(lv)分(fen)別(bie)為73％ 、19％ ，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)/催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鐵(tie)出(chu)水(shui)投(tou)加少量混(hun)凝劑、助凝劑后，CODcr、BOD5、色度去(qu)除率(lv)分(fen)別(bie)為8l％ 、95％ 、9l％ ；生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鐵(tie)內循環工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)將催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鐵(tie)置(zhi)于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后可有效(xiao)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鐵(tie)反應(ying)效(xiao)率(lv)，避(bi)免(mian)鐵(tie)填(tian)料(liao)表面(mian)出(chu)現結垢(gou)(gou)及(ji)黏附層等現象，內循環可保證(zheng)催(cui)(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鐵(tie)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)促(cu)進及(ji)對(dui)水(shui)中(zhong)部(bu)分(fen)難降解有機物的(de)去(qu)除，但(dan)此(ci)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)仍存在氨氮去(qu)除效(xiao)果(guo)不佳等問(wen)題(ti)待(dai)解決。

關鍵詞 催(cui)化鐵 高有機濃(nong)度(du)精細(xi)化工(gong)區污水 生化，催(cui)化鐵內循環工(gong)藝

0 引言

高有機濃度精(jing)細(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)區(qu)污水(shui)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)是環(huan)境治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)一大難題(ti)，其污水(shui)色度、COD 達標排放較為困(kun)難。目前，針對(dui)其色度高、可(ke)生(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)性差的(de)(de)特點，常用預(yu)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)措施有鐵(tie)碳(tan)法和催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鐵(tie)內(nei)電解(jie)法等。它們作為生(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)預(yu)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)藝(yi)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)污水(shui)得到了(le)廣泛的(de)(de)應(ying)用 ，本研究(jiu)針對(dui)采用催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鐵(tie)作為生(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)預(yu)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)藝(yi)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)精(jing)細(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)污水(shui)出(chu)現的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，提出(chu)了(le)一種(zhong)新的(de)(de)生(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)／催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鐵(tie)內(nei)循環(huan)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統，進行了(le)連續流中(zhong)試實驗(yan)，并對(dui)此(ci)系(xi)統處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)精(jing)細(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)廢水(shui)效果(guo)及問(wen)題(ti)進行了(le)考察。

1 試驗水(shui)質及工藝流程

某地精細化(hua)工(gong)園區(qu)企業種類(lei)繁多，主(zhu)要涉(she)及(ji)染料及(ji)助劑、制藥及(ji)其中間體(ti)、生物(wu)(wu)化(hua)工(gong)等精細化(hua)工(gong)產(chan)品。由于大(da)部分企業生產(chan)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)排放至(zhi)市(shi)政管網前預處理不充分，市(shi)政污(wu)水(shui)(shui)廠(chang)進水(shui)(shui)中苯系化(hua)合物(wu)(wu)、鹵代烴(jing)、鹵代芳香烴(jing)等有(you)(you)(you)毒(du)有(you)(you)(you)害難(nan)降解有(you)(you)(you)機物(wu)(wu)含量高，水(shui)(shui)質變化(hua)大(da)，混合污(wu)水(shui)(shui)呈現高COD 高氨氮、高色度特征，原水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質見(jian)表1，當地市(shi)政污(wu)水(shui)(shui)廠(chang)采用工(gong)藝(見(jian)圖1)處理效(xiao)果不佳，CODcr色度去除率分別(bie)約70％ 、50％ ，對(dui)氨氮基本無處理效(xiao)果。

改進前的中試(shi)處理工藝(yi)采用(yong)“混(hun)凝氣(qi)(qi)(qi)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)+催(cui)化鐵(tie)內(nei)電解+懸(xuan)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)填(tian)料活(huo)性污泥A／O生(sheng)化處理”，其中混(hun)凝氣(qi)(qi)(qi)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)采用(yong)市政污水(shui)廠生(sheng)產運行(xing)的折板絮凝池及渦(wo)凹(ao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)池，即(ji)原污水(shui)經(jing)混(hun)凝氣(qi)(qi)(qi)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)預處理后進人中試(shi)試(shi)驗裝置，目(mu)前混(hun)凝氣(qi)(qi)(qi)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)對COD 去除率約20％ ，可有效(xiao)去除大部分懸(xuan)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)物及膠體。試(shi)驗水(shui)質見表1，其中氣(qi)(qi)(qi)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)出水(shui)BOD 檢測平均值約422 mg／L，B／C約0．33。

催化(hua)鐵反(fan)應(ying)(ying)器有效(xiao)容(rong)積2 m3，反(fan)應(ying)(ying)器內鐵填料(liao)和極化(hua)材料(liao)按(an)一定(ding)的比例混合均勻后(hou)裝入反(fan)應(ying)(ying)器，反(fan)應(ying)(ying)器底(di)部設布水(shui)板，水(shui)流(liu)(liu)自(zi)下而上豎(shu)流(liu)(liu)式(shi)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)。缺氧(yang)池有效(xiao)容(rong)積為(wei)5．5 m3，內設機械攪拌。好氧(yang)池有效(xiao)容(rong)積為(wei)15．5 m3，水(shui)深約2．5 m，投加球形懸浮生物填料(liao)，底(di)部采用穿孔曝(pu)氣管曝(pu)氣，空氣接自(zi)污(wu)水(shui)廠鼓風機GM45L-9。豎(shu)流(liu)(liu)式(shi)沉淀池有效(xiao)容(rong)積為(wei)2 m3。實驗期(qi)間平均實驗流(liu)(liu)量(liang)約0．6～0．8 m3／h。

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