一、前言

印(yin)染生產所排放的(de)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)一(yi)大類(lei)難(nan)處(chu)理的(de)工業廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，因此要處(chu)理好此類(lei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)必須(xu)熟悉印(yin)染生產工藝(yi)、了解廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質特征和(he)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)情況(kuang)，掌(zhang)握(wo)不同排放要求(qiu)和(he)回(hui)用要求(qiu)，針對(dui)性選擇廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理工藝(yi)，精(jing)心設(she)計、認真管(guan)理，才能獲(huo)得滿意(yi)結果。

本(ben)文就(jiu)印(yin)染生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)藝、水質水量排放情況，合理(li)(li)選擇(ze)廢水處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)工(gong)藝；就(jiu)工(gong)程設計的節(jie)能問(wen)題(ti)；就(jiu)再生(sheng)水回(hui)用等(deng)問(wen)題(ti)闡述自(zi)己的觀點(dian)和(he)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)辦法，以利企業(ye)既發展生(sheng)產(chan)，又保護(hu)環境。利用可行的技(ji)術實現國家企業(ye)雙贏，促使循(xun)環經濟的可持續發展。

二、印染行業的生產(chan)工藝及廢水來源

我國印染(ran)行(xing)業的生產品種(zhong)有純天然(ran)纖(xian)(xian)維——棉、毛、麻、絲等(deng)，有化(hua)學纖(xian)(xian)維——滌綸、腈綸、錦綸、氨綸及天然(ran)纖(xian)(xian)維與化(hua)學纖(xian)(xian)維相互(hu)的混(hun)紡織(zhi)物(wu)等(deng)數千種(zhong)甚至(zhi)上萬種(zhong)織(zhi)物(wu)品種(zhong)。

印(yin)染廢水(shui)(shui)來源于生(sheng)產(chan)過程中產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)廢水(shui)(shui)。由于各類纖(xian)維的(de)性(xing)能不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，所用染料不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，生(sheng)產(chan)工藝不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，所用化學助劑(ji)也不(bu)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，由此產(chan)生(sheng)廢水(shui)(shui)的(de)水(shui)(shui)質當然也不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，其污(wu)染物主要有不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)成(cheng)分(fen)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)濃(nong)度的(de)漿料，不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)纖(xian)維所用不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)類型的(de)染料，和與染料相(xiang)對應的(de)助劑(ji)及加工過程中帶(dai)入(ru)廢水(shui)(shui)中的(de)纖(xian)維素，半纖(xian)維素、油臘、果膠、絨毛等雜(za)質。

三、廢水處(chu)理工(gong)藝選擇(ze)及作(zuo)用

印(yin)染(ran)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排(pai)放量與產品(pin)品(pin)種、生產工藝、生產設備(bei)及管理水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平有關(guan)。印(yin)染(ran)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排(pai)放量決定了廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理規模。而印(yin)染(ran)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質和排(pai)放要求決定了廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理工藝。

 當(dang)前的印染廢水處理難度較(jiao)以(yi)往增加了許多，具體難點(dian)：

1、近幾年印染(ran)行(xing)業為適(shi)應經(jing)濟發展需要(yao)，大力(li)實施(shi)清潔生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)貫(guan)徹(che)節能、降耗(hao)、減污、增(zeng)效八(ba)字方針，大力(li)開展生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工藝(yi)改革(ge)。如：染(ran)色大浴比變小(xiao)浴比；長流程改短流程；生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)洗滌用(yong)淡水(shui)(shui)盡(jin)量逆(ni)流回用(yong)于前道工序(xu)。以上(shang)措施(shi)改革(ge)了生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工藝(yi)，一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)節約了水(shui)(shui)資源，另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)因水(shui)(shui)質變濃(nong)而增(zeng)加了污水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理難度(du)。

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