摘要:指出了(le)(le)生(sheng)活(huo)污水(shui)中水(shui)回用的必然性(xing),并對國內外生(sheng)活(huo)污水(shui)回用的現狀進行了(le)(le)介紹。 

關鍵詞:中水回用(yong),水資源,生活污水

1生(sheng)活污水(shui)中水(shui)回用的必然性

水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)緊缺(que)己經成為(wei)世(shi)界性問題(ti)。目(mu)前(qian),全球(qiu)有(you)(you)60%以上的(de)陸地淡水(shui)不足,40多(duo)個國家缺(que)水(shui),l/3的(de)人口得不到安全供水(shui)。我國也同樣面臨水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)短缺(que)的(de)現實。人均水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)2770m3,僅為(wei)世(shi)界人均占有(you)(you)量的(de)1/4。

據統計,在我(wo)國,每(mei)年(nian)傾倒自然(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體中的污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有428.4億t,這些(xie)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中化(hua)學需氧(yang)量(liang)(liang)(COD)就達1406.5萬t,有50%的城(cheng)(cheng)鎮因(yin)污(wu)染造成飲用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源不(bu)符合飲用(yong)(yong)標準,在320多個(ge)大中城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)中有200多個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)出現不(bu)同(tong)程度(du)的缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),其中50多個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),尤其是(shi)我(wo)國北方城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)情況(kuang)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)染所致的缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)占(zhan)總缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)的60%～70%,全國因(yin)缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)而影響工(gong)業總產(chan)值達2300多億元。對于缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)而言(yan),僅(jin)僅(jin)依靠增加(jia)(jia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang),并(bing)不(bu)能(neng)有效(xiao)地解(jie)決缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)問題。因(yin)此,城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的回用(yong)(yong)就顯(xian)得比開發建設新水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源更(geng)重(zhong)(zhong)要。截至2010年(nian)9月(yue),我(wo)國已建成城(cheng)(cheng)鎮污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理廠2630座(zuo),日污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理能(neng)力1.22億m3,在建污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理廠1849座(zuo),日污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理能(neng)力4900萬m3。

“十二五”期間,我國污水回用率將達到10%,并且國家已制定了優惠政策,對于再生水的生產免征增值稅,鼓勵使用再生水,通過污水回用,可緩解全國城市缺水的情況,

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