摘要: 闡述(shu)了一種制(zhi)(zhi)革污水(shui)處(chu)理控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)設(she)計方(fang)案。該(gai)(gai)方(fang)案中，工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)機作為集中管(guan)理層(ceng)，PLC 作為現(xian)場(chang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)層(ceng)，電氣設(she)備(bei)作為遠(yuan)程設(she)備(bei)層(ceng)。詳細(xi)闡述(shu)了該(gai)(gai)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)上位(wei)機監控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和下位(wei)機控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)程序的(de)(de)開發過(guo)程。目前該(gai)(gai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)已經成(cheng)功投運，從經濟成(cheng)本、控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)功能和現(xian)場(chang)的(de)(de)實際運行情況看，該(gai)(gai)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)具(ju)有經濟性、先進性、可(ke)靠性等優點，對工(gong)(gong)業污水(shui)處(chu)理控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)設(she)計具(ju)有一定的(de)(de)示(shi)范意義(yi)。

關鍵詞: 制革(ge)污(wu)水; 控制系統; 工(gong)控機; PLC

0 引言

據中國皮革協會報道: 2011 年1—6 月全國銷售收入2 000萬元以上制革企業工業總產值達692 億
元［1］，對我國的經濟(ji)發(fa)展具有(you)重要意義。然而(er)，制(zhi)革(ge)(ge)工(gong)業(ye)污(wu)水水量巨(ju)大，加(jia)工(gong)一張牛(niu)皮排污(wu)水達(da)0. 5 ～1 t，加(jia)工(gong)1 t皮革(ge)(ge)排出30 ～ 60 t污(wu)水［2］。制(zhi)革(ge)(ge)污(wu)水的污(wu)染物濃度高，成分復雜，懸浮物多，氨氮(dan)含(han)量高，尤其(qi)含(han)有(you)有(you)毒重金屬(shu)物質鉻，污(wu)水處理(li)難(nan)度較(jiao)大，不(bu)易(yi)達(da)到排放(fang)標準［3］。2011 年2 月，國務院批復的《重金屬(shu)污(wu)染綜合防治“十二五(wu)”規劃》中把皮革(ge)(ge)及其(qi)制(zhi)品業(ye)列入五(wu)大重點控制(zhi)行業(ye)。

污(wu)水處理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)采(cai)用自動控(kong)制(zhi)技術，不僅可(ke)以提高系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)性(xing)能、生產率(lv)、可(ke)靠性(xing)，而(er)且還可(ke)以增(zeng)強系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)、降低(di)操作成本、加快(kuai)啟(qi)動過(guo)程(cheng)等［4］。調查(cha)顯示(shi)，我國55 個城市5 000 多套工(gong)(gong)業(ye)污(wu)水處理設施中(zhong)，運行效(xiao)(xiao)果比較好的(de)(de)僅占24%［5］。目前我國的(de)(de)污(wu)水處理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)普遍存在效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)低(di)下(xia)，自動化控(kong)制(zhi)水平差，控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)設計與(yu)實際工(gong)(gong)藝不相符(fu)等缺點(dian)［6］。本文以某示(shi)范工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)為背景，設計了一套完整的(de)(de)計算機控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，有(you)助(zhu)于實現控(kong)制(zhi)站無人值守，并且對于促(cu)進低(di)碳社會的(de)(de)節能減排具(ju)有(you)積極(ji)的(de)(de)示(shi)范意義(yi)。

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