摘要：試驗(yan)采用有效體積(ji)為(wei)7.0m3的SBR中(zhong)試反應器處(chu)理生(sheng)活污水(shui),考察了低(di)溫(wen)條(tiao)件(jian)下短程深(shen)度(du)(du)脫(tuo)氮(dan)工(gong)藝的啟動方(fang)法(fa)及穩定性。利用基于鼓風機頻(pin)率(BF)和pH的實時控(kong)制策略對SBR系統進行(xing)實時控(kong)制。結果(guo)表明,SBR系統在低(di)溫(wen)條(tiao)件(jian)(11~16℃)和50d內(nei)快速啟動短程深(shen)度(du)(du)脫(tuo)氮(dan)工(gong)藝,亞(ya)硝酸(suan)鹽積(ji)累率從19.8%上(shang)(shang)升到90%。在中(zhong)低(di)溫(wen)條(tiao)件(jian)(9~28℃)下短程深(shen)度(du)(du)脫(tuo)氮(dan)性能維(wei)(wei)持長達550d,亞(ya)硝酸(suan)鹽積(ji)累率始終維(wei)(wei)持在95%左右(you),出(chu)水(shui)TN濃度(du)(du)維(wei)(wei)持在3mg·L-1,TN去除率維(wei)(wei)持在95%以上(shang)(shang)。由(you)此可見,低(di)溫(wen)下啟動SBR短程深(shen)度(du)(du)脫(tuo)氮(dan)工(gong)藝并長期維(wei)(wei)持完(wan)全(quan)可行(xing)。

關鍵詞(ci)：低溫(wen)啟動，中(zhong)試(shi)SBR，短程硝化反硝化，實(shi)時控(kong)制，長期維(wei)持

目前短(duan)(duan)(duan)程(cheng)(cheng)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)新工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的啟動和(he)(he)穩(wen)定(ding)運行(xing)是(shi)該工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)推廣(guang)應用(yong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的最(zui)(zui)大難(nan)點(dian)。國內外研究(jiu)普遍認為低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下短(duan)(duan)(duan)程(cheng)(cheng)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)難(nan)以啟動和(he)(he)穩(wen)定(ding)運行(xing)，該工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)應該維(wei)持在(zai)(zai)20~35℃范(fan)圍內運行(xing)，而實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)污(wu)(wu)水處理廠的溫(wen)(wen)度變化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)波(bo)動較(jiao)(jiao)大，通(tong)(tong)常處于中(zhong)(zhong)低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)（10~25℃）范(fan)圍內波(bo)動，這并(bing)不是(shi)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)短(duan)(duan)(duan)程(cheng)(cheng)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的最(zui)(zui)佳(jia)溫(wen)(wen)度范(fan)圍。即使在(zai)(zai)較(jiao)(jiao)高的游離氨(an)濃度或(huo)較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di)(di)的溶解氧（DO）條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下，低(di)(di)(di)氨(an)氮(dan)生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下仍(reng)難(nan)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)短(duan)(duan)(duan)程(cheng)(cheng)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，目前為止(zhi)有關低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下實(shi)(shi)現(xian)短(duan)(duan)(duan)程(cheng)(cheng)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)啟動和(he)(he)穩(wen)定(ding)維(wei)持的研究(jiu)鮮(xian)見報道。雖然(ran)通(tong)(tong)過控制低(di)(di)(di)DO條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)可(ke)以啟動短(duan)(duan)(duan)程(cheng)(cheng)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)，但(dan)是(shi)此(ci)種類型短(duan)(duan)(duan)程(cheng)(cheng)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)性(xing)能不穩(wen)定(ding)，DO濃度上(shang)升(sheng)極易破壞其(qi)短(duan)(duan)(duan)程(cheng)(cheng)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)效果，且低(di)(di)(di)DO（DO＜1.0mg.L-1）條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)速率(lv)低(di)(di)(di)，易發生(sheng)絲(si)狀菌污(wu)(wu)泥膨脹。在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)的廢水處理工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，通(tong)(tong)常將DO濃度維(wei)持在(zai)(zai)2.0mg.L-1左右，由(you)此(ci)可(ke)見，在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)DO大于2.0mg.L-1條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下啟動和(he)(he)長期維(wei)持短(duan)(duan)(duan)程(cheng)(cheng)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)對短(duan)(duan)(duan)程(cheng)(cheng)深度脫氮(dan)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)推廣(guang)應用(yong)具有重要的意義。

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