摘(zhai)要(yao)：利用篩選出來的(de)(de)(de)蘆葦(PhragmitesaustralisTrin)、茭(jiao)草〔Zizanialatifolia(Griseb.)Stapf〕、香蒲(pu)(TyphaorientalisPresl.)、菱角(TrapanatansLinn.)、蓮(NelumbonuciferaGaertn)和(he)(he)菹草(PotamogetoncrispusLinn.)6個(ge)工(gong)具(ju)物種，在小(xiao)(xiao)柘(zhe)皋河(he)(he)道(dao)內(nei)進行水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)植物群落重建恢復試(shi)驗工(gong)程，并(bing)對(dui)該河(he)(he)道(dao)工(gong)程區(qu)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)進行1a檢測。結(jie)果表明：恢復后小(xiao)(xiao)柘(zhe)皋河(he)(he)植被面(mian)積占整(zheng)個(ge)河(he)(he)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)65%～75%，河(he)(he)道(dao)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)植物年生(sheng)產(chan)量(liang)約(yue)1.42×10【sup】6【/sup】kg(以濕質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)計(ji))，相當于(yu)1.98×10【sup】12【/sup】J(能(neng)量(liang))；河(he)(he)道(dao)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)植物都具(ju)有一定的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)水(shui)(shui)力沖擊負荷能(neng)力，能(neng)適應河(he)(he)道(dao)污水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)均(jun)不穩定的(de)(de)(de)動態(tai)變化特征，并(bing)對(dui)污水(shui)(shui)中COD【sub】Cr【/sub】，TN，NO【sub】3【/sub】【sup】-【/sup】-N，TP和(he)(he)NH【sub】4【/sub】【sup】+【/sup】-N等均(jun)有去除作用，去除率平均(jun)值分別為23.61%，25.00%，26.37%，32.93%和(he)(he)33.55%。

關鍵詞(ci)：水生植物(wu)，小柘皋河，富營養化，凈化效果

近年來(lai)大(da)量研(yan)究(jiu)表明，水生(sheng)植物處理(li)技(ji)術不僅凈化水質，還可改(gai)善生(sheng)態(tai)環境，促進生(sheng)態(tai)系統的(de)恢復，具(ju)有高效低耗、管理(li)方便(bian)、較強的(de)氮磷處理(li)能力、景觀價值等(deng)特(te)點，其已(yi)成為(wei)生(sheng)態(tai)環境領域的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)熱點之一。

水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)在水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)中占有重要的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態位，水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)處理(li)是生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)的(de)(de)常用(yong)(yong)技術，但是如(ru)何選擇和配置水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)是研究重點。研究表明，水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)通過自身的(de)(de)吸收作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)及(ji)與(yu)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)協同(tong)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，以及(ji)物(wu)理(li)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)他(ta)感作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)等，共同(tong)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)凈化(hua)富營(ying)養化(hua)水(shui)(shui)體；同(tong)時，通過營(ying)養物(wu)質和水(shui)(shui)分的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)地球化(hua)學(xue)循環(huan)，促進植(zhi)物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長并使其增產，實(shi)現廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)資(zi)源化(hua)與(yu)無害化(hua)。

現在(zai)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)已廣泛運(yun)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)處理(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、工業廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、農業面源廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)暴雨徑流，我國(guo)(guo)在(zai)這方(fang)面相(xiang)對(dui)落后(hou)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)在(zai)處理(li)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時保證了水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)力傳輸，植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)根和(he)根系(xi)(xi)對(dui)介質(zhi)具有(you)穿透作用(yong)，增強了介質(zhi)的疏松(song)度(du)，使得介質(zhi)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)力傳輸得到加強和(he)維持。屠曉翠等(deng)(deng)利(li)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)染(ran)控制中的作用(yong)建(jian)立了多種污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，主要有(you)浮水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、挺(ting)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)沉(chen)(chen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。金(jin)送(song)笛等(deng)(deng)認為，菹(zu)草對(dui)氮(dan)磷(lin)有(you)較(jiao)強的吸收(shou)(shou)能(neng)力，能(neng)在(zai)一定程(cheng)度(du)上減輕水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體的營(ying)養負荷。張鴻等(deng)(deng)認為，無機磷(lin)也是植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)必需的營(ying)養元素(su)，廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中的無機磷(lin)在(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)吸收(shou)(shou)及同化作用(yong)下可轉化成植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的ATP（三磷(lin)酸(suan)腺苷），DNA(脫氧核(he)糖(tang)核(he)酸(suan))和(he)RNA(核(he)糖(tang)核(he)酸(suan))等(deng)(deng)有(you)機成分(fen)，然后(hou)通過植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的收(shou)(shou)割而移(yi)除(chu)。所以(yi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)具有(you)：1、美(mei)觀(guan)可欣賞性；2、可通過收(shou)(shou)割回收(shou)(shou)達到一定經濟效益和(he)避免二次污(wu)染(ran)；3、可作為介質(zhi)所受(shou)污(wu)染(ran)程(cheng)度(du)的指示物(wu)(wu)(wu)；4、有(you)助于酶在(zai)濕地系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的擴展等(deng)(deng)作用(yong)。筆者在(zai)大(da)量試(shi)驗(yan)的基(ji)礎上直(zhi)接(jie)利(li)用(yong)挺(ting)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、浮水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)沉(chen)(chen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)處理(li)受(shou)污(wu)染(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體，通過收(shou)(shou)割植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)去(qu)除(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體中的營(ying)養物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)，并探討水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)凈化處理(li)過程(cheng)中的影響因(yin)素(su)。

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