摘要(yao)：采用(yong)膜(mo)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反應(ying)器處(chu)理甲苯(ben)(ben)有機(ji)廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi),研究(jiu)了進氣(qi)(qi)濃(nong)度、停留時間、循環(huan)液(ye)噴淋(lin)密度和pH值對甲苯(ben)(ben)去除率(lv)的影響。膜(mo)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反應(ying)器能高效凈化揮發性有機(ji)廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi),甲苯(ben)(ben)去除率(lv)可(ke)達99%.適宜運行條件為(wei):pH值為(wei)7.2、停留時間為(wei)6.4s、循環(huan)液(ye)噴淋(lin)密度為(wei)2.5m3·(m2·h)-1.采用(yong)GC-MS分(fen)析出口(kou)氣(qi)(qi)樣,研究(jiu)結果表明乙(yi)醛(quan)酸(suan)(suan)(C2H2O3)和乙(yi)烯(xi)基(ji)甲酸(suan)(suan)(C3H4O2)為(wei)甲苯(ben)(ben)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)降(jiang)解的中(zhong)間產(chan)物(wu)(wu)。膜(mo)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反應(ying)器處(chu)理甲苯(ben)(ben)機(ji)制為(wei)甲苯(ben)(ben)氣(qi)(qi)體通過中(zhong)空(kong)纖(xian)維膜(mo)傳質(zhi)到生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜(mo),被生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)降(jiang)解為(wei)乙(yi)醛(quan)酸(suan)(suan)和乙(yi)烯(xi)基(ji)甲酸(suan)(suan),然后(hou)繼續好(hao)氧降(jiang)解為(wei)最終產(chan)物(wu)(wu)二(er)氧化碳和水。

關鍵詞：膜生物反應器，揮發性有(you)機物(VOCs)，甲苯(ben)

揮發性有(you)機物（voltileorganiccompounds,VOCs）是一類(lei)常見(jian)大(da)氣污染物,大(da)多具有(you)毒性,部分已(yi)被列入(ru)致癌物;當VOCs含量達到一定濃(nong)度時,人會感到頭(tou)痛、惡心、嘔吐、乏力(li)等癥狀，嚴重的(de)(de)還(huan)會出現昏迷(mi)，甚至會傷害人的(de)(de)肝臟(zang)、腎臟(zang)和神經系統(tong)，對環(huan)境(jing)、動植物的(de)(de)生長及人類(lei)健(jian)康造(zao)成巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)危害。

目前揮(hui)發性有機物(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有吸附法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、吸收法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、冷凝法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、膜(mo)分離法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、氣提法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、蒸餾法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、等離子體法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、直(zhi)接燃燒法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、催化法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等。與物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)化學方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)相比(bi)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)具有運(yun)行費用(yong)低、無二次污染等優點(dian)。采(cai)用(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)填(tian)料塔(ta)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)低濃度甲苯有機廢(fei)氣的(de)工業應用(yong)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)凈(jing)化效(xiao)率可保持在90%左右。采(cai)用(yong)惡臭(chou)假單(dan)胞菌為菌源接種(zhong)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)滴濾(lv)塔(ta)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)含甲苯廢(fei)氣，最大體積去(qu)除負荷(he)可達105.35g.(m3.h)-1。國(guo)外采(cai)用(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)過濾(lv)、堆肥基床(chuang)、廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)為填(tian)料的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)過濾(lv)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)甲苯氣體。

傳統生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)法處(chu)(chu)理廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)主要通過(guo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)液傳質、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)膜(mo)吸附和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化降(jiang)(jiang)解。揮發性有機(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體大(da)多難(nan)溶于水，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)液傳質速率慢(man)，因此傳統生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)凈化設備如(ru)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)洗滌塔、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)濾池、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)滴濾池等處(chu)(chu)理有機(ji)廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)具有一(yi)定的(de)局限性。膜(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)（membranebiofilmreactor，MBfR）作為(wei)一(yi)種新型(xing)廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理方(fang)法，將膜(mo)分(fen)離技術與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化反(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)相結合，充分(fen)利用氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體膜(mo)傳質和微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中有機(ji)污(wu)染物(wu)(wu)(wu)，通過(guo)膜(mo)材料提高(gao)傳質效果，并(bing)提供較大(da)的(de)比(bi)表面積作為(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)降(jiang)(jiang)解的(de)傳質界面，增強了降(jiang)(jiang)解效果，它(ta)作為(wei)最具發展潛力的(de)工業(ye)廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)處(chu)(chu)理方(fang)法之(zhi)一(yi)，愈(yu)來愈(yu)受到人們的(de)重視。中空(kong)纖維(wei)膜(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)處(chu)(chu)理二(er)甲(jia)(jia)苯，凈化效率可達92%，采用復合型(xing)平板膜(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)凈化甲(jia)(jia)苯廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，獲(huo)得(de)了最大(da)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化降(jiang)(jiang)解量609g.(m3.h)-1。本研究采用中空(kong)纖維(wei)膜(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)處(chu)(chu)理甲(jia)(jia)苯有機(ji)廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，考察影(ying)響因素并(bing)研究降(jiang)(jiang)解過(guo)程機(ji)制，以期(qi)為(wei)揮發性有機(ji)廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)膜(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理反(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)產業(ye)化應(ying)(ying)用奠(dian)定基礎。

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