摘要：結合慈溪市當前水資源(yuan)短缺(que)的(de)實(shi)際，闡(chan)述(shu)了 發(fa)展 中水回用(yong)技術在有效解決水資源(yuan)短缺(que)、促進水資源(yuan)可持(chi)續利用(yong)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)必要性(xing)。同時以慈溪市教場(chang)山污水處理廠的(de)運行情況為例， 分(fen)析 了開展城鎮中水回用(yong)的(de)技術與 經濟 可行性(xing)，并提出了有關對策(ce)和建議。

關鍵詞：中水回用 污水處(chu)理 慈(ci)溪市(shi)

一般認為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)指(zhi)各種(zhong)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)經處理(li)后，達到規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質標(biao)準，可在(zai)一定(ding)(ding)范(fan)圍內重(zhong)復使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)非飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，其(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質介于清潔(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(上(shang)水(shui)(shui)(shui))與污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(下水(shui)(shui)(shui))之(zhi)間;中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)能夠(gou)代替非飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)、與人(ren)體(ti)非直接接觸的(de)(de)(de)自來水(shui)(shui)(shui)， 應用(yong)(yong)(yong) 于市(shi)(shi)(shi)政雜用(yong)(yong)(yong)等(deng)領域;將(jiang)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)并(bing)加(jia)以(yi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)就(jiu)(jiu)是中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong) [1,2]。隨著水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)需求量的(de)(de)(de)急劇增(zeng)加(jia)和水(shui)(shui)(shui)環境污染(ran)的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)益(yi)嚴重(zhong)，許多國(guo)家都(dou)面(mian)臨著水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)短缺(que)的(de)(de)(de)危機，因此把城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)外排污水(shui)(shui)(shui)作為(wei)(wei)第二(er)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)加(jia)以(yi)開發利用(yong)(yong)(yong)就(jiu)(jiu)顯得尤(you)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)要。美國(guo)、以(yi)色(se)列、日(ri)本等(deng)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)已有(you)相當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平，廁所(suo)沖洗(xi)、園林灌溉(gai)、道(dao)路保(bao)潔(jie)(jie)、城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)噴(pen)泉等(deng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，都(dou)大(da)量使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。尤(you)其(qi)是日(ri)本，自20世紀(ji)60年代起(qi)就(jiu)(jiu)開始使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)辦公樓(lou)或者(zhe)公寓大(da)廈都(dou)有(you)就(jiu)(jiu)地廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)設施(shi)，主(zhu)要作廁所(suo)沖洗(xi)，其(qi)東京市(shi)(shi)(shi)和福岡市(shi)(shi)(shi)都(dou)規定(ding)(ding)：新建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積在(zai)30000 m2以(yi)上(shang)，或可回(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量在(zai)100 m3/d以(yi)上(shang)，都(dou)必須建(jian)造中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)設施(shi)[1]。我國(guo)一些缺(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)80年代以(yi)來相繼建(jian)設了一些中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)示范(fan)工程(cheng)(cheng)， 目前 ，北京、大(da)連(lian)、青(qing)島(dao)、太(tai)原、天(tian)津(jin)等(deng)缺(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)都(dou)有(you)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工程(cheng)(cheng)，主(zhu)要將(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于 工業 及市(shi)(shi)(shi)政等(deng)方面(mian)[2~5]。但(dan)由于起(qi)步較晚，加(jia)之(zhi)對中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)技(ji)術及其(qi)帶(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)益(yi)，尤(you)其(qi)是經濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)缺(que)乏足夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)認識，中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)系(xi)統在(zai)我國(guo)發展緩慢。為(wei)(wei)此，本文(wen)以(yi)慈溪市(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)例(li)，分析了城(cheng)鎮污水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)廠增(zeng)設中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術與經濟(ji)可行性，并(bing)針對存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de) 問(wen)題(ti) 提出(chu)了一些建(jian)議。

1 慈溪市污水處理廠中(zhong)水回用可(ke)行性(xing) 研究

1.1 必要性

慈(ci)溪市(shi)(shi)地(di)處(chu)浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省寧紹平原缺(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)區，屬姚江(jiang)(jiang)流域(yu)，地(di)面水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體處(chu)于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系末(mo)端，河網徑流量(liang)小，攔(lan)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)力差，自凈能(neng)(neng)力弱。全(quan)市(shi)(shi)境內河網蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)7796萬m3，大小水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體、山塘蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)7704萬m3，地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)貧(pin)乏(fa)，淺(qian)層補(bu)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)可開采量(liang)僅782萬m3/a。人均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占有量(liang)520 m3，僅為浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省平均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平的24%。隨著工農(nong)業經(jing)濟(ji)和(he)第(di)三產業發展(zhan)，2003年以(yi)來供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)情況更(geng)加嚴(yan)(yan)峻，城市(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)嚴(yan)(yan)重缺(que)乏(fa)，并且水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)染日趨加重，77%的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體環(huan)境質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)已達Ⅴ類和(he)超(chao)Ⅴ類，部(bu)分(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫也趨富營養(yang)化(hua)狀態，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)染現(xian)狀與經(jing)濟(ji)發展(zhan)的矛(mao)盾日益突出。因此，通過對城鎮污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理廠的污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進行(xing)深度(du)處(chu)理，實行(xing)中水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)用，可一定程度(du)解(jie)決河網及流域(yu)的環(huan)境補(bu)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，提高(gao)當地(di)河網的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境容量(liang)，并可作為對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)要求不高(gao)的工業和(he)市(shi)(shi)政雜用用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，這對促進慈(ci)溪市(shi)(shi)經(jing)濟(ji)發展(zhan)、緩解(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)緊缺(que)矛(mao)盾十分(fen)有利。

1.2 技(ji)術可行(xing)性(xing)

國內外經驗表(biao)明，中水(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li) 方法 大致可分為三(san)類：生物處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法、物理(li)(li)(li)化學處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法、膜(mo)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法[6]。只有結合當地具體情(qing)況，根據回用點的(de)水(shui)質要求，選擇處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)方法才能(neng)達到經濟合理(li)(li)(li)的(de)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)使用效果。

慈溪(xi)市已(yi)建(jian)成2萬t/d的教(jiao)場(chang)山污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深度(du)處(chu)(chu)理(li)系(xi)(xi)統，包括城(cheng)市污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)的集中(zhong)深度(du)處(chu)(chu)理(li)與回(hui)(hui)供，配(pei)套主要回(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)管(guan)網及生態河(he)渠處(chu)(chu)理(li)系(xi)(xi)統，廠區(qu)(qu)工(gong)(gong)程占地(di)總計(ji)74畝，工(gong)(gong)程總投資16500萬元(yuan)。污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經處(chu)(chu)理(li)后(hou)全部(bu)回(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)，主要用(yong)(yong)途為(wei)(wei)：(1)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，分(fen)別用(yong)(yong)于(yu)開(kai)發區(qu)(qu)熱(re)電中(zhong)心、華東輕紡城(cheng)、西部(bu) 企業(ye) 群等;(2)城(cheng)市景觀用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)：用(yong)(yong)于(yu)補給21 hm2城(cheng)市河(he)網水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域徑流;(3)市政雜用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)：用(yong)(yong)于(yu)市容衛生、綠化(hua)、公廁、部(bu)分(fen)生態小區(qu)(qu)和建(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)集中(zhong)深度(du)處(chu)(chu)理(li)廠區(qu)(qu)工(gong)(gong)程分(fen)為(wei)(wei)兩部(bu)分(fen)，前處(chu)(chu)理(li)為(wei)(wei)三(san)溝(gou)式(shi)氧化(hua)溝(gou)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，深度(du)處(chu)(chu)理(li)以Bifor生物濾池(chi)為(wei)(wei)核心。整個處(chu)(chu)理(li)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)見圖(tu)1，其中(zhong)三(san)溝(gou)式(shi)氧化(hua)溝(gou)處(chu)(chu)理(li)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，即從(cong)城(cheng)市綜(zong)合污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)至二沉池(chi)工(gong)(gong)段，工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)設(she)(she)計(ji)進出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)指標(biao)(biao)參(can)數(shu)見表1;污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)集中(zhong)深度(du)處(chu)(chu)理(li)廠區(qu)(qu)工(gong)(gong)程工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)設(she)(she)計(ji)進出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)指標(biao)(biao)參(can)數(shu)見表2。慈溪(xi)市教(jiao)場(chang)山污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深度(du)處(chu)(chu)理(li)廠建(jian)成以來，運行良好，出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)穩(wen)定，不(bu)同污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)量(liang)時的出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)監測結果見表3。

表1 三溝式氧化溝處理預期進水和出(chu)水水質(zhi) mg·L-1

表2 深度(du)處理廠區工(gong)程工(gong)藝預期(qi)進(jin)水和出(chu)水水質 　 mg·L-1

表3 慈溪市(shi)污水處理(li)廠水質監測結果 mg·L-1

目前我國還沒有中水(shui)(shui)回用(yong)的統(tong)一(yi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，因此在(zai)中水(shui)(shui)回用(yong)時水(shui)(shui)質標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)一(yi)般(ban) 參考 相關的行業標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)或地(di)方中水(shui)(shui)回用(yong)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，用(yong)于(yu)(yu)一(yi)般(ban)景觀(guan)生態用(yong)水(shui)(shui)應符(fu)(fu)合《再生水(shui)(shui)回用(yong)于(yu)(yu)景觀(guan)水(shui)(shui)體的水(shui)(shui)質標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)》(CJ/T95-2000)，用(yong)于(yu)(yu)生活(huo)雜用(yong)水(shui)(shui)應符(fu)(fu)合建(jian)設部《生活(huo)雜用(yong)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)》(CJ/48-1999)，用(yong)于(yu)(yu)工業循環冷卻(que)水(shui)(shui)應符(fu)(fu)合《工業循環水(shui)(shui)冷卻(que)設計規范》(GB/T50102-2003)，上述標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中的相關指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)見表4。

表4 中水回用水質指(zhi)標 mg·L-1

對(dui)照表(biao)3與表(biao)4，可以(yi)看出(chu)，慈(ci)溪市教場山(shan)污水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理廠出(chu)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質均可滿(man)足中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)要求。因此，只要能保證(zheng)城市污水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理廠的進水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質，慈(ci)溪市教場山(shan)污水(shui)(shui)深度處(chu)理廠出(chu)水(shui)(shui)完(wan)全可達到回(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)標準，即其中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)技術(shu)可行(xing)。

1.3 經濟可行性

慈溪市(shi)教(jiao)場(chang)山(shan)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)深度處(chu)理(li)廠運行正常的(de)情況下，每天可提(ti)供2萬m3合格中水(shui)(shui)(shui)，一(yi)年(nian)約720萬m3。根據慈溪市(shi)新擬定的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)價(jia)，從2004年(nian)4月1日起，居民(中小學(xue)、幼(you)兒園)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)2.25元/t，生產(chan)經營單(dan)位(wei)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)價(jia)為(wei)3.00元/t，餐飲(yin)服行業(基建用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui))為(wei)3.60元/t，污染(ran)行業為(wei)4.00元/t，特種行業用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)6.30元/t。而(er)根據污水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)廠成(cheng)本運行核算，一(yi)噸中水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)成(cheng)本價(jia)僅為(wei)1.5元(前處(chu)理(li)費1元/t，后處(chu)理(li)費0.5元/t)，從經濟(ji)上(shang)來(lai)看效(xiao)(xiao)益十分(fen)明顯。北京市(shi)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)辦曾(ceng)對中水(shui)(shui)(shui)工程的(de)經濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益、 社會 效(xiao)(xiao)益、環境效(xiao)(xiao)益進行了系統的(de)研究，指(zhi)出中水(shui)(shui)(shui)回用(yong)(yong)的(de)綜合效(xiao)(xiao)益約為(wei)投(tou)入額的(de)4.75倍[7]。

目前，慈溪(xi)市(shi)內水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質普遍污(wu)(wu)染(ran)較嚴(yan)重，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)容(rong)量明顯不(bu)足，實行中水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)用(yong)可減少(shao)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排放量，消除因污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排放而造成的(de)(de)對河流的(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)，減少(shao)環(huan)境(jing)資源損失，有(you)效保護水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)。慈溪(xi)市(shi)教場山污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深度處理(li)廠的(de)(de)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)用(yong)后，每(mei)天回(hui)用(yong)量以2萬t計(每(mei)年(nian)為720萬t)，每(mei)年(nian)可減少(shao)COD排放量43.2 t。同(tong)時，至(zhi)2010年(nian)預計慈溪(xi)市(shi)總需(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量46553萬m3，尚(shang)有(you)17663萬m3缺(que)口(kou)，通過中水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)回(hui)用(yong)可一定程度上緩解水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源危機。

綜上分(fen)析，在城鎮(zhen)污水處(chu)理(li)廠增設中水回用系統在技術上已比(bi)較(jiao)成熟，其帶來的經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益、環境效(xiao)(xiao)益都(dou)十分(fen)可觀(guan)。

2 發(fa)展 中水回用的建議(yi)

根據 目前 城(cheng)鎮中水(shui)回用(yong)現(xian)狀，結合慈溪市2萬 t/d污水(shui)深度處理回用(yong)系統(tong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)運行(xing)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中的實(shi)際 問題 ，對城(cheng)鎮中水(shui)回用(yong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的建(jian)設(she)提出(chu)以下(xia)建(jian)議：

(1)加(jia)大宣(xuan)傳力(li)度(du)，消(xiao)除人們對(dui)中水(shui)回(hui)用(yong)(yong)認(ren)識(shi)上的(de)不足，提(ti)高公眾對(dui)中水(shui)回(hui)用(yong)(yong)意義的(de)理解，使公眾充分意識(shi)到(dao)水(shui)資源(yuan)緊缺的(de)嚴峻(jun)性(xing)(xing)，認(ren)識(shi)到(dao)進行中水(shui)回(hui)用(yong)(yong)、開辟第(di)二水(shui)源(yuan)對(dui)解決(jue)當今城(cheng)市(shi)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)矛盾(dun)的(de)重要性(xing)(xing)。

(2)改革現行水(shui)(shui)價(jia)，合理(li)制(zhi)訂城市污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理(li)和中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)回(hui)用(yong)收費政策體系，確(que)定中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)價(jia)時既要考(kao)慮(lv)低(di)于自來水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)價(jia)，以(yi)形成差價(jia)，刺激中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)使用(yong);又要考(kao)慮(lv)按質(zhi)論價(jia)，根據不(bu)同的水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)標準確(que)定價(jia)格。

(3)建立完善的(de)排水(shui)管網及泵(beng)站，確保污水(shui)處理廠的(de)進水(shui)量;切實抓好 工業(ye) 廢水(shui)的(de)預處理，嚴格控制進水(shui)水(shui)質(zhi)。

(4)在確保污水(shui)(shui)處理廠出水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)的基礎上，完(wan)善中水(shui)(shui)回(hui)用管網的配套建(jian)設，協調好整(zheng)個城市(shi)的水(shui)(shui)資源，做到分(fen)質(zhi)供水(shui)(shui)，各盡其用，使中水(shui)(shui)回(hui)用發揮(hui)最大的效(xiao)益(yi)。

(5)制訂合理的排污(wu)收費政(zheng)策體系，配套完(wan)善資(zi)源化利用(yong)的 經濟(ji) 政(zheng)策和(he)激勵措施，采用(yong)政(zheng)府投資(zi)和(he) 社會 化集資(zi)、融資(zi)辦法(fa)，實(shi)行市場經濟(ji)化操作(zuo)，大力支持和(he)推(tui)廣中水回(hui)用(yong)。

3 結 論

從(cong)慈溪市教場山污水深度(du)處理廠運行(xing)來看，中(zhong)水回用在(zai)技術上是成熟的(de)，在(zai)經濟效(xiao)益和環(huan)境效(xiao)益上是可觀的(de)，而(er)且還極(ji)大地(di)提高了水資源(yuan)的(de)重復利用率(lv)，可在(zai)一定程度(du)上緩解當(dang)前(qian)缺水的(de)緊張局面。從(cong)發(fa)展的(de)觀點來看，中(zhong)水回用技術的(de) 應用 前(qian)景(jing)十分看好。

參考 文獻

1 黃明(ming)祝(zhu), 周(zhou) 琪, 李詠梅(mei). 中水(shui)回用及展望. 再生資源 研究 , 2003, (5): 9～21

2 錢 茜, 王玉秋. 我國中水回用現狀及對策. 再生資源研究, 2003, (1): 27～30

3 沈(shen)光范. 要積(ji)極穩妥地開(kai)展(zhan)中水回用工作. 中國(guo) 環保(bao)產業(ye), 2001, (1): 21～22

4 甘一萍(ping). 北京城市(shi)污水資源化及(ji)中水回用發(fa)展現(xian)狀. 城市(shi)管理與 科技 , 2003, 5(4): 160～161

5 張(zhang) 軼, 陳 頡. 天津開(kai)發(fa)區(qu)中水回用項目自控系統(tong)設計. 中國給水排水, 2003, 19(13): 133～134

6 解曉強(qiang), 沙 琪(qi), 楊(yang)俊(jun)才. 我國中水回(hui)用(yong)狀況的 分析 與展望. 安裝, 2003, 127(2): 17～20

7 蘇(su)德儉(jian), 李春明(ming), 蘇(su) 蕾. 中(zhong)水工程的經濟分析. 水利天地(di), 2003, (9): 46

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