摘(zhai)要(yao)：為(wei)得到高效(xiao)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)耐(nai)鹽(yan)菌(jun)，從黃河三角洲石(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)污(wu)染(ran)鹽(yan)漬(zi)化(hua)(hua)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)分離(li)出41株(zhu)細菌(jun)，經測(ce)定發酵液(ye)(ye)(ye)排油(you)(you)(you)(you)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、表(biao)(biao)面張力和(he)(he)乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)值（EI24），得到1株(zhu)高效(xiao)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)耐(nai)鹽(yan)菌(jun)BF40.通(tong)(tong)過(guo)形(xing)態(tai)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)特(te)征和(he)(he)16SrDNA序列分析，確定該菌(jun)為(wei)沙(sha)雷氏菌(jun)（Serratiasp.）.通(tong)(tong)過(guo)液(ye)(ye)(ye)體培(pei)養(yang)(yang)試(shi)(shi)驗，研(yan)究(jiu)了BF40的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)鹽(yan)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)降解(jie)原油(you)(you)(you)(you)能(neng)(neng)力，并(bing)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)室內(nei)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)試(shi)(shi)驗研(yan)究(jiu)了BF40及其產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)石(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)污(wu)染(ran)鹽(yan)漬(zi)化(hua)(hua)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)復(fu)作用(yong).結果表(biao)(biao)明(ming)(ming)，在含5~70g·L-1NaCl液(ye)(ye)(ye)體培(pei)養(yang)(yang)基中(zhong)BF40生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長良好，屬中(zhong)度耐(nai)鹽(yan)菌(jun).BF40能(neng)(neng)有效(xiao)利用(yong)原油(you)(you)(you)(you)，在含10g·L-1NaCl液(ye)(ye)(ye)體培(pei)養(yang)(yang)基中(zhong)培(pei)養(yang)(yang)7d，原油(you)(you)(you)(you)降解(jie)率達到56.7%.添(tian)加BF40產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)或接入BF40能(neng)(neng)明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)促進鹽(yan)漬(zi)化(hua)(hua)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)石(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)烴(jing)的(de)(de)(de)降解(jie)，修(xiu)復(fu)60d，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)石(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)去除率與對(dui)(dui)照相比分別(bie)提高了24.6%和(he)(he)13.4%.接種BF40能(neng)(neng)降低土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)表(biao)(biao)面張力，明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)提高土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)脫氫酶活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，更(geng)能(neng)(neng)有效(xiao)促進瀝青(qing)質降解(jie).添(tian)加生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)脫氫酶活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與對(dui)(dui)照相比沒有顯(xian)著差異，但更(geng)能(neng)(neng)有效(xiao)降低土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)表(biao)(biao)面張力，促進飽和(he)(he)烴(jing)降解(jie)，表(biao)(biao)明(ming)(ming)接種BF40和(he)(he)添(tian)加生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)可能(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)促進石(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)污(wu)染(ran)鹽(yan)漬(zi)化(hua)(hua)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)修(xiu)復(fu)存在不同作用(yong)機制(zhi).

 關鍵詞(ci)：石油污染，鹽漬化土(tu)壤，生(sheng)物表面活性劑，耐(nai)鹽，沙雷氏菌，生(sheng)物修復(fu)

土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)危害人(ren)類(lei)健康，是(shi)(shi)全(quan)球關(guan)(guan)注的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)問(wen)題．微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)解(jie)是(shi)(shi)去除自然環(huan)境(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)機(ji)制．由于世(shi)界上大部(bu)分油(you)(you)(you)田(tian)位于土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)鹽(yan)漬(zi)化地區，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)在開采、儲運、加工等(deng)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)(jin)入土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)，容易形成(cheng)(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)鹽(yan)漬(zi)化土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)．大量(liang)含鹽(yan)鉆井(jing)廢液(ye)進(jin)(jin)入土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)，也易造成(cheng)(cheng)井(jing)場周(zhou)圍石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)鹽(yan)漬(zi)化，高鹽(yan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)制約了土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)烴(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)解(jie)．傳統的(de)(de)(de)非耐鹽(yan)微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)并不適合(he)(he)對(dui)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)高鹽(yan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)修復(fu)，因此，篩選(xuan)高鹽(yan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)下降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)解(jie)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，對(dui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)鹽(yan)漬(zi)化土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)修復(fu)，是(shi)(shi)目前面臨的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)課(ke)題．石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)烴(jing)(jing)類(lei)化合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)在土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)吸附(fu)固(gu)定(ding)，水(shui)溶性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低，是(shi)(shi)限制其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)修復(fu)速(su)率的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵因素．表(biao)面活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑能增大石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)烴(jing)(jing)類(lei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質在水(shui)相(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)溶解(jie)度，提高污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)在土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)傳質速(su)率和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可利用(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)(jin)而促(cu)進(jin)(jin)其(qi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)解(jie)．生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)面活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑與化學表(biao)面活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑相(xiang)比(bi)，除具有表(biao)面張(zhang)力低、乳化性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能穩定(ding)等(deng)相(xiang)同特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)外，還具有低毒、易于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)解(jie)、可在原位合(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)諸多優點(dian)．以特定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)方式加入或利用(yong)微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)自身所產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)面活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑促(cu)進(jin)(jin)烴(jing)(jing)類(lei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)解(jie)，已成(cheng)(cheng)為石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)修復(fu)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)研究方向.

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