摘要

J市位于(yu)太湖下游,其(qi)水源水質(zhi)受上(shang)游和自(zi)身工農(nong)業發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響,有機(ji)物(wu)和氨氮(dan)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao),氯(lv)消(xiao)(xiao)毒副產(chan)物(wu)及其(qi)引(yin)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)康(kang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)廣泛受到關注.2012年5、8、10月(yue)(yue)以及2013年1月(yue)(yue)采樣,使用氣相色譜法分析了J市飲用水中4種三(san)(san)鹵(lu)(lu)甲烷(wan)和5種鹵(lu)(lu)乙酸(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含量,發現自(zi)來水中三(san)(san)鹵(lu)(lu)甲烷(wan)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)占(zhan)三(san)(san)鹵(lu)(lu)甲烷(wan)與鹵(lu)(lu)乙酸(suan)(suan)總和的(de)(de)(de)(de)88.1%以上(shang),5月(yue)(yue)、8月(yue)(yue)和次年1月(yue)(yue)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(分別為39.34、50.37和28.02μg·L-1),10月(yue)(yue)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(19.19μg·L-1)較(jiao)低,遠高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)鹵(lu)(lu)乙酸(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(2.58~4.02μg·L-1).自(zi)來水煮(zhu)(zhu)沸(fei)3min后(hou),三(san)(san)鹵(lu)(lu)甲烷(wan)可(ke)(ke)去除92.3%以上(shang),但鹵(lu)(lu)乙酸(suan)(suan)會大幅(fu)(fu)度(du)(du)增(zeng)加.基于(yu)EPA推薦的(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)康(kang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評價模型對經(jing)口攝取途徑時氯(lv)消(xiao)(xiao)毒副產(chan)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)癌和非致(zhi)癌風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)行計算(suan),發現化(hua)學(xue)致(zhi)癌物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)康(kang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為3.1×10-6~7.3×10-6,高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)可(ke)(ke)接受風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)水平1×10-6;煮(zhu)(zhu)沸(fei)后(hou)致(zhi)癌物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)康(kang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)大幅(fu)(fu)度(du)(du)降低至(zhi)7.9×10-7,低于(yu)可(ke)(ke)接受風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)水平.煮(zhu)(zhu)沸(fei)后(hou)非致(zhi)癌氯(lv)消(xiao)(xiao)毒副產(chan)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)康(kang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)由(you)2.1×10-11顯著升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)至(zhi)3.4×10-9,未超過10-5的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管理參考(kao)值.

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