一、 金的回(hui)收技(ji)術

[1]從貼(tie)金(jin)文(wen)物(wu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)回(hui)(hui)(hui)收(shou)金(jin)物(wu)資再生利用研究所采(cai)用氧化焙燒(shao)法從廢貼(tie)金(jin)文(wen)物(wu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)回(hui)(hui)(hui)收(shou)金(jin)。廢貼(tie)金(jin)文(wen)物(wu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)放入特(te)制焙燒(shao)爐內，于8000C恒(heng)溫氧化焙燒(shao)30分鐘，取出放入水中，貼(tie)金(jin)層附在氧化銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鱗片(pian)上與銅(tong)(tong)(tong)基(ji)體脫離。然后用稀硫(liu)酸(suan)溶解(jie)，溶解(jie)渣分離提純黃金(jin)。此(ci)法特(te)點焙燒(shao)時無污染廢氣(qi)。用此(ci)法處理廢文(wen)物(wu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)300公(gong)斤(jin)，回(hui)(hui)(hui)收(shou)黃金(jin)1.5公(gong)斤(jin)。金(jin)回(hui)(hui)(hui)收(shou)率>98%，基(ji)體銅(tong)(tong)(tong)回(hui)(hui)(hui)收(shou)率>95%，副產品硫(liu)酸(suan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)作殺蟲(chong)劑(ji)。

[2] 從廢電子元(yuan)件中(zhong)回收(shou)金(jin)北京稀貴金(jin)屬化(hua)(hua)冶廠使(shi)用(yong)I2-Nal-H2O體系(xi)。對(dui)廢元(yuan)器件上(shang)的金(jin)鍍層(ceng)溶蝕，用(yong)鐵置換或亞硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鈉(na)還原回收(shou)金(jin)。用(yong)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)酸(suan)(suan)化(hua)(hua)，氯酸(suan)(suan)鉀氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)再生碘。物資(zi)再生利用(yong)研究所(suo)研究出(chu)電解(jie)(jie)退(tui)金(jin)的新工(gong)藝。采(cai)用(yong)硫(liu)(liu)脲和亞硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鈉(na)作(zuo)(zuo)電解(jie)(jie)液，石墨作(zuo)(zuo)陰(yin)極板，鍍金(jin)廢料(liao)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)陽(yang)極進行(xing)電解(jie)(jie)退(tui)金(jin)。通過(guo)電解(jie)(jie)，鍍層(ceng)上(shang)的金(jin)被(bei)陽(yang)極氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)為(wei)Au+后即與硫(liu)(liu)脲形成絡陽(yang)離子Au[cs(NH2)]2+,隨即被(bei)亞硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鈉(na)還原為(wei)金(jin)，沉(chen)于槽(cao)底，將(jiang)含金(jin)沉(chen)淀物分(fen)離提純獲得(de)純金(jin)粉(fen)。基體材(cai)料(liao)可回收(shou)鎳鈷。此工(gong)藝金(jin)的回收(shou)率為(wei)97~98%。產品金(jin)純度>99.95%。

[3] 從廢(fei)催化(hua)劑(ji)中回收金(jin)和鈀(ba) 昆明(ming)貴金(jin)屬研究所(suo)采用鹽酸(suan)加(jia)氧化(hua)劑(ji)多(duo)次(ci)浸(jin)出，使金(jin)和鈀(ba)進入溶液(ye)，鋅粉(fen)置換(huan)，鹽酸(suan)加(jia)氧化(hua)劑(ji)溶解，草酸(suan)還原(yuan)得純(chun)(chun)金(jin)粉(fen);還原(yuan)母液(ye)用常規法提純(chun)(chun)鈀(ba)。金(jin)、鈀(ba)純(chun)(chun)度均可達99.9%。回收率分別為(wei)97%和96%。已申請中國專利。

二(er)、 銀的回收技術

[1]電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)退銀(yin)(yin)(yin)新(xin)工藝物資再生利用研究所自行設計電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)退銀(yin)(yin)(yin)設備，以石墨(mo)板為(wei)陰極，不(bu)銹鋼滾筒(tong)為(wei)陽極，滾筒(tong)上有許多(duo)細孔。檸檬(meng)酸鈉和亞(ya)硫酸鈉為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液，鍍(du)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)件從(cong)滾筒(tong)首端(duan)進入(ru)，從(cong)滾筒(tong)尾端(duan)送出。鍍(du)件表層上的銀(yin)(yin)(yin)進入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液，鍍(du)件基體(ti)完好無損(sun)可返(fan)回重新(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)使用。銀(yin)(yin)(yin)回收率97—98%，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)粉純度(du)99.9%。

[2]廢銀(yin)(yin)—鋅(xin)電池(chi)的(de)回收(shou)(shou)利用廢銀(yin)(yin)鋅(xin)電池(chi)含銀(yin)(yin)52.55%、含鋅(xin)42.7%。鋅(xin)為負極，氧(yang)化(hua)銀(yin)(yin)為正極涂(tu)在銅網骨(gu)架上(shang)。物(wu)資再生利用研究所采用稀硫酸(suan)(suan)分別浸(jin)鋅(xin)和(he)銅，銀(yin)(yin)粉直接熔錠(ding)。稀硫酸(suan)(suan)浸(jin)銅時加(jia)入氧(yang)化(hua)劑，含鋅(xin)液(ye)經濃縮結(jie)晶(jing)(jing)生產硫酸(suan)(suan)鋅(xin)，含銅液(ye)濃縮結(jie)晶(jing)(jing)生產硫酸(suan)(suan)銅。鋅(xin)回收(shou)(shou)率>98%，銀(yin)(yin)回收(shou)(shou)率98%，銀(yin)(yin)錠(ding)純度>99%。

[3] 從(cong)廢(fei)(fei)膠(jiao)(jiao)片(pian)(pian)中回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)銀(yin)昆(kun)明貴金屬研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)稀硫(liu)酸液(ye)洗脫彩片(pian)(pian)上含(han)銀(yin)乳劑層，氯鹽加(jia)熱沉(chen)淀鹵化(hua)銀(yin)，氯化(hua)培燒(shao)或(huo)有(you)(you)機溶(rong)劑洗滌除有(you)(you)機物(wu)，堿性(xing)介質用(yong)(yong)糖(tang)類固體懸浮(fu)還(huan)原(yuan)得(de)純銀(yin)。銀(yin)純度 99.9%，直收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)率(lv)98%。此法(fa)(fa)已申請專利。物(wu)資再(zai)(zai)生利用(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所(原(yuan)內(nei)(nei)貿部(bu)物(wu)資再(zai)(zai)生利用(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所)采用(yong)(yong)硫(liu)代(dai)硫(liu)酸鈉(na)溶(rong)液(ye)溶(rong)解(jie)(jie)廢(fei)(fei)膠(jiao)(jiao)片(pian)(pian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)鹵化(hua)銀(yin)，溶(rong)解(jie)(jie)過程中加(jia)入(ru)抑制(zhi)劑阻止膠(jiao)(jiao)片(pian)(pian)上明膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)解(jie)(jie)，溶(rong)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)經電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)銀(yin)，片(pian)(pian)基回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)利用(yong)(yong)。銀(yin)浸出率(lv)>99%，回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)率(lv)98%，銀(yin)純度99.9%。此法(fa)(fa)已應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于工(gong)業生產(chan)。 [4] 從(cong)廢(fei)(fei)定影液(ye)中回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)銀(yin)感光材料(liao)經過曝光、顯影、定影之(zhi)后，黑白片(pian)(pian)上約有(you)(you)70-80%的(de)(de)(de)(de)銀(yin)進(jin)入(ru)定影液(ye)中，彩色片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銀(yin)幾乎全部(bu)進(jin)入(ru)定影液(ye)。從(cong)廢(fei)(fei)定影液(ye)中回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)銀(yin)、在國內(nei)(nei)外均(jun)得(de)到高度重視，進(jin)行了(le)大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)工(gong)作(zuo)，采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)方法(fa)(fa)為(wei)離子沉(chen)淀法(fa)(fa)、電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)、金屬置(zhi)換(huan)法(fa)(fa)、藥(yao)物(wu)還(huan)原(yuan)法(fa)(fa)、離子交換(huan)法(fa)(fa)等。電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優點是提銀(yin)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)定影液(ye)可返回(hui)(hui)作(zuo)定影使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。大(da)陸較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)影制(zhi)片(pian)(pian)廠均(jun)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)此法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)銀(yin)。 　三、 鉑(bo)族金屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)技術

[1] 硝(xiao)(xiao)酸工(gong)(gong)廠中回收(shou)鉑的方法硝(xiao)(xiao)酸生產(chan)(chan)所用鉑、鈀、銠三元合金催化劑網(wang)，生產(chan)(chan)中耗損(sun)的貴(gui)金屬(shu)大(da)部沉(chen)積(ji)在(zai)氧化爐灰中。昆明(ming)貴(gui)金屬(shu)研究(jiu)所和(he)太原(yuan)化肥(fei)廠合作研究(jiu)，工(gong)(gong)藝流程如下：爐灰→鐵(tie)捕集還(huan)原(yuan)熔煉→氧化熔煉→酸浸→渣煅燒→濕法提純→鉑鈀銠三元合金粉。Pt、Pb、Rh直收(shou)率83%，總(zong)收(shou)率98%，產(chan)(chan)品純度(du)99.9%。舊(jiu)鉑網(wang)回收(shou)工(gong)(gong)藝簡單，廢網(wang)經溶解(jie)、提純、還(huan)原(yuan)后再配料拉絲(si)織網(wang)，其回收(shou)率>99%。

[2] 玻(bo)纖工(gong)業(ye)鉑的(de)回收(shou)(shou)昆明貴金屬(shu)研究所提(ti)出(chu)，將Pt、Rh、Au合(he)(he)金廢(fei)料用王水深解(jie)，趕硝轉(zhuan)鈉鹽，過氧化(hua)氫還原分離金，離子(zi)交(jiao)換除雜質，水合(he)(he)肼還原得(de)純Pt、Rh。鉑銠產品(pin)純度(du)99%，回收(shou)(shou)率99%。物(wu)質再生利用研究所提(ti)出(chu)用“白云石(shi)一純堿混合(he)(he)燒結(jie)法”從(cong)廢(fei)耐(nai)火磚(zhuan)，玻(bo)璃渣(zha)中(zhong)回收(shou)(shou)鉑銠的(de)工(gong)藝。廢(fei)耐(nai)火磚(zhuan)經球磨、溶(rong)融、水碎、酸溶(rong)、過濾、濾渣(zha)用王水溶(rong)解(jie)，趕硝，離子(zi)交(jiao)換;水合(he)(he)肼還原，獲鉑銠產品(pin)。鉑銠總(zong)收(shou)(shou)率>99%，產品(pin)純度(du)99.95%。該所結(jie)合(he)(he)多年(nian)生產實(shi)踐提(ti)出(chu)選冶聯合(he)(he)法回收(shou)(shou)廢(fei)耐(nai)火磚(zhuan)中(zhong)鉑銠，降低(di)了(le)成本(ben)，縮短了(le)工(gong)藝，收(shou)(shou)到較(jiao)好的(de)效果。

[3]從廢(fei)(fei)(fei)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)中(zhong)回(hui)收鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、鈀(ba)(ba)其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)，溶解貴金屬法，昆明貴金屬研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所(suo)與(yu)上海石化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)總廠(chang)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)溫焙燒(shao)(shao)、鹽酸(suan)加(jia)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)浸出(chu)(chu)，鋅粉置換，鹽酸(suan)加(jia)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)溶解，固體(ti)氯化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)銨沉鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，鍛(duan)燒(shao)(shao)得純(chun)鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，產(chan)品鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)純(chun)度99.9%，回(hui)收率(lv)97.8%。已(yi)申(shen)請(qing)中(zhong)國(guo)專利(li)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)二，物資(zi)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所(suo)與(yu)核工(gong)業部五所(suo)合(he)作采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“全熔(rong)法”浸出(chu)(chu)，離子(zi)交換吸附鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(或鈀(ba)(ba))，鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)回(hui)收率(lv)>98%。鈀(ba)(ba)的(de)收率(lv)>97%。產(chan)品純(chun)度均>99。95%。已(yi)申(shen)請(qing)中(zhong)國(guo)專利(li)，并在(zai)數家工(gong)廠(chang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)三(san)，物資(zi)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所(suo)與(yu)揚子(zi)石化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)公司合(he)作研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)從廢(fei)(fei)(fei)鈀(ba)(ba)碳(tan)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)中(zhong)回(hui)收鈀(ba)(ba)。廢(fei)(fei)(fei)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)經(jing)燒(shao)(shao)碳(tan)，氯化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)浸出(chu)(chu)，氨絡合(he)，酸(suan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)提(ti)純(chun)，最后(hou)水合(he)肼還原獲純(chun)度>99.95%海綿鈀(ba)(ba)，絡合(he)渣等(deng)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)少量鈀(ba)(ba)經(jing)樹脂吸附回(hui)收。鈀(ba)(ba)回(hui)收率(lv)>98%。已(yi)申(shen)請(qing)中(zhong)國(guo)專利(li)。4]廢(fei)(fei)(fei)鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、錸(lai)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)回(hui)收其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)，物資(zi)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所(suo)與(yu)長嶺煉(lian)油廠(chang)合(he)作，采取(qu)“全溶法”浸出(chu)(chu)，離子(zi)交換吸附鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)錸(lai)，沉淀(dian)劑(ji)分離鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)錸(lai)的(de)方(fang)法。鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)回(hui)收率(lv)>98%，錸(lai)收率(lv)>93%，鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)錸(lai)產(chan)品純(chun)度均>99.95%，尾(wei)液(ye)(ye)硫酸(suan)鋁可做為生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)載(zai)體(ti)原料。其(qi)(qi)(qi)二，清華大學與(yu)北京(jing)稀貴金屬提(ti)煉(lian)廠(chang)合(he)作。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)法回(hui)收廢(fei)(fei)(fei)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)中(zhong)的(de)鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)錸(lai)。廢(fei)(fei)(fei)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)40%硫酸(suan)溶解，溶解液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)40%二異(yi)辛基亞(ya)砜萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)錸(lai)，反萃(cui)(cui)(cui)液(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)錸(lai)酸(suan)鉀(jia)，硫酸(suan)不(bu)溶渣灼燒(shao)(shao)除碳(tan)，酸(suan)溶浸鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，浸鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)液(ye)(ye)經(jing)40%二異(yi)辛基亞(ya)砜萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，反萃(cui)(cui)(cui)液(ye)(ye)還原沉鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)率(lv)>99%，反萃(cui)(cui)(cui)率(lv)>99%，鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)直(zhi)收率(lv)>97%，產(chan)品鉑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)純(chun)度99.9%;錸(lai)的(de)萃(cui)(cui)(cui)取(qu)率(lv)>99%，反認率(lv)>99%。

[5]鉑(bo)(bo)銠(lao)(lao)(lao)合(he)(he)金分(fen)離(li)提(ti)純(chun)(chun)昆明貴金屬研究(jiu)所提(ti)出：鉑(bo)(bo)銠(lao)(lao)(lao)合(he)(he)金用(yong)鋁合(he)(he)金“碎化，稀鹽(yan)酸浸出鋁，得到細(xi)鉑(bo)(bo)銠(lao)(lao)(lao)粉，鹽(yan)酸加氧(yang)化劑溶(rong)解，溶(rong)液用(yong)三烷(wan)基氧(yang)化膦萃(cui)取分(fen)離(li)鉑(bo)(bo)銠(lao)(lao)(lao)，離(li)子交換提(ti)純(chun)(chun)銠(lao)(lao)(lao)。銠(lao)(lao)(lao)純(chun)(chun)度99.99%，銠(lao)(lao)(lao)回收(shou)率(lv)(lv)92~94%。已申(shen)請中國專利。其二，成都208廠(chang)從日本(ben)引(yin)進(jin)一套鉑(bo)(bo)銠(lao)(lao)(lao)分(fen)離(li)設備(bei)，鉑(bo)(bo)收(shou)率(lv)(lv)98.5%，銠(lao)(lao)(lao)收(shou)率(lv)(lv)95%，鉑(bo)(bo)銠(lao)(lao)(lao)產品純(chun)(chun)度均>99.95。

[6]從鋨銥(yi)合(he)金廢(fei)料提純鋨 原中國物資再(zai)生利用總(zong)公司華東分公司采用通氧(yang)燃燒(shao)分離鋨銥(yi)，堿液吸(xi)(xi)收氧(yang)化(hua)鋨，硫化(hua)鈉沉淀，除硫得粗(cu)鋨，再(zai)氧(yang)化(hua)，鹽酸液吸(xi)(xi)收，氯化(hua)銨沉淀，氫還原，制取(qu)純鋨粉，鋨回收率>98%。此方法適用于含鋨3%~8%的廢(fei)料。

[7]筆尖磨削廢(fei)料中釕(liao)的回(hui)收 華(hua)東分公司提出用浮(fu)選法回(hui)收含(han)釕(liao)0.4%~1%的筆尖磨削廢(fei)料。油酸(suan)鈉(na)為(wei)浮(fu)選劑，2#油為(wei)起泡劑，酸(suan)性介質。所得精礦含(han)釕(liao)>5%，尾礦含(han)釕(liao)<0.2%，釕(liao)回(hui)收率>90%。

[8]從廢催化劑渣(zha)中(zhong)回收(shou)鈀(ba)(ba)和銅(tong)(tong)其(qi)一，物資再生利用(yong)研究所用(yong)Hcl-H2O2二段逆(ni)流浸(jin)出(chu)，黃(huang)藥(yao)沉淀富集鈀(ba)(ba)與銅(tong)(tong)分離法從含(han)Pd0.8%、Cu26.2%的廢催化劑泥渣(zha)中(zhong)回收(shou)銅(tong)(tong)和鈀(ba)(ba)。回收(shou)率Pd>98%，Cu>95%[20]。其(qi)二，沈陽礦冶(ye)研究所用(yong)稀Hcl浸(jin)銅(tong)(tong)，鐵(tie)置換銅(tong)(tong)，浸(jin)出(chu)渣(zha)氧(yang)化焙燒，稀王水浸(jin)出(chu)，鋅(xin)粉置換，粗鈀(ba)(ba)二氯二氨絡亞鈀(ba)(ba)法提(ti)純，鈀(ba)(ba)純度99.99%。回收(shou)率>98%，銅(tong)(tong)收(shou)率92%。

  使用微信“掃一掃”功能添加“谷騰環保網”

相關文章