最近(jin)幾年，我(wo)國(guo)新(xin)能源(yuan)產(chan)業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)迅猛，但產(chan)業鏈尚(shang)不成(cheng)熟(shu)，特別是一些關鍵技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)開發(fa)(fa)，難(nan)以滿足整個新(xin)能源(yuan)產(chan)業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)需(xu)要，制(zhi)約了(le)(le)該產(chan)業前進的(de)步(bu)伐。如在(zai)風電(dian)(dian)、光伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)等領域(yu)，由(you)于缺少化(hua)學大容量儲(chu)能電(dian)(dian)池等儲(chu)能技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)支持，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)速度受(shou)到嚴重制(zhi)約。如何破解這些瓶(ping)頸(jing)?化(hua)工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)能不能提供解決方(fang)案(an)?全(quan)國(guo)政(zheng)協委(wei)員、全(quan)國(guo)燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池標準化(hua)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)委(wei)員會副主任委(wei)員、上(shang)海神力科(ke)技(ji)(ji)有(you)限公(gong)司總經理兼技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)總監胡里清博士發(fa)(fa)表了(le)(le)自己(ji)的(de)觀點。

化學(xue)大容(rong)量(liang)儲能(neng)電池(chi)等儲能(neng)關(guan)鍵(jian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)是(shi)世界最前(qian)沿(yan)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，也(ye)是(shi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源產(chan)業(ye)取(qu)得突破性發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)核心;我國(guo)要在新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源領(ling)域實(shi)現超越式發(fa)展，需(xu)要從國(guo)家層面加強對這些關(guan)鍵(jian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)支持力度。在目前(qian)這些關(guan)鍵(jian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)不成熟的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，政府應鼓勵各種(zhong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)優勢互(hu)補合作，引導關(guan)聯技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、上下游產(chan)業(ye)鏈相關(guan)企業(ye)和研(yan)究(jiu)單位之間的(de)(de)(de)合作發(fa)展，以(yi)推動整(zheng)個新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源產(chan)業(ye)走上快速發(fa)展道路。

我國(guo)(guo)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)、太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)等新能(neng)(neng)源發電(dian)(dian)技術應(ying)用(yong)已走(zou)在世界前列，但(dan)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)、太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)的(de)最大(da)(da)缺點是受(shou)天氣(qi)、季節、時間的(de)約(yue)束非(fei)常大(da)(da)，發電(dian)(dian)不穩定。根據(ju)國(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)監會發布的(de)《風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)、光伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)情(qing)況監管報告》，由于缺乏具(ju)體(ti)的(de)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)送(song)出和風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)消納方案，大(da)(da)規模風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)送(song)出消納的(de)矛盾日益(yi)突出。2010年1～6月，風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)未收購(gou)電(dian)(dian)量達(da)27.76億千瓦時。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)科院論證了內蒙古電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)承受(shou)能(neng)(neng)力為8%～10%，結果約(yue)一半風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)無法上網(wang)而被舍棄(qi)。

對此(ci)，我國必須(xu)不失(shi)時(shi)機(ji)地開(kai)發大(da)容量儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)技術(shu)(shu)，實現儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)技術(shu)(shu)與新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)技術(shu)(shu)合(he)作。這既可解決風能(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)的隨機(ji)性、波動性問題，穩定可靠地并入電(dian)網(wang)，又可與風電(dian)、光伏電(dian)組(zu)成離網(wang)綠色(se)電(dian)力系統，為智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)網(wang)的建設提供關鍵技術(shu)(shu)。

研究表明，如(ru)果(guo)風(feng)(feng)能發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機占(zhan)(zhan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)總量的(de)(de)比例(li)在(zai)10%以內(nei)，依靠傳統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網技術基本可以保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網安(an)全;如(ru)果(guo)風(feng)(feng)能發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)占(zhan)(zhan)比例(li)達(da)到(dao)20%甚至更高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)調峰能力和(he)安(an)全運行將面臨巨大挑戰(zhan)。但如(ru)果(guo)為風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場配(pei)(pei)置20%左(zuo)右額定功(gong)率的(de)(de)儲能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，就可以平滑(hua)90%以上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸出;如(ru)果(guo)為風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場配(pei)(pei)備(bei)50%以上(shang)功(gong)率的(de)(de)動態儲能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場還能具有(you)削峰填谷(gu)的(de)(de)功(gong)能。至于(yu)光伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由于(yu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間往往不同(tong)步，需要(yao)配(pei)(pei)備(bei)20%～50%的(de)(de)儲能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池以平滑(hua)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之間的(de)(de)時間差。

現在(zai)最(zui)(zui)重要的事，是加快開(kai)發高效而實用的儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池。目前(qian)世界發展最(zui)(zui)快的大(da)容(rong)量儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)技術是全釩液流(liu)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(VRB)，這(zhe)是一種(zhong)新型清潔能(neng)源(yuan)存儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)裝置(zhi)。與目前(qian)市場上的鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池、鎳氫電(dian)(dian)池相比，具有功率大(da)、壽命(ming)長達15年(nian)以上、價(jia)格低、可(ke)(ke)靠性高、操作和維修費用少、綠色無污染等明顯(xian)優勢，并能(neng)支持頻繁大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充放電(dian)(dian);可(ke)(ke)廣泛應用于太陽能(neng)、風能(neng)發電(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)配套(tao)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)設備(bei)，也可(ke)(ke)用于再生能(neng)源(yuan)并網(wang)發電(dian)(dian)、城市電(dian)(dian)網(wang)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)、遠程供電(dian)(dian)、UPS系統等領域。

全(quan)釩液流(liu)儲能電池的(de)關(guan)鍵環節是(shi)高性(xing)能離子(zi)膜，如(ru)果從國外進口，成本高昂。目前在國內有(you)多家企業包(bao)括神力科技公司都在開展(zhan)自(zi)主研發(fa)，依靠(kao)創(chuang)新的(de)化學工藝，開發(fa)低成本、具有(you)更高的(de)能量效率(lv)的(de)離子(zi)膜產品，現在一些企業已有(you)突破，取得了階段(duan)性(xing)成果，可望(wang)在“十二(er)五”期間(jian)實現大容量全(quan)釩液流(liu)儲能電池的(de)規模化生(sheng)產。

相對(dui)于風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術(shu)的(de)(de)發(fa)展，目前我(wo)國(guo)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池技術(shu)尚(shang)不成熟，成為新能(neng)(neng)源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)薄弱環節(jie)。我(wo)建議政(zheng)(zheng)府有(you)關部門(men)支(zhi)持儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)開發(fa)和產業化力度，支(zhi)持風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池、光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池、風(feng)光互補(bu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池等多種(zhong)形式(shi)的(de)(de)技術(shu)組(zu)合示范(fan)項目，制定(ding)政(zheng)(zheng)府采購、補(bu)貼政(zheng)(zheng)策、鼓勵應用政(zheng)(zheng)策等，引導推動此類綠(lv)色(se)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)的(de)(de)應用推廣。

全釩液流(liu)儲能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)與風(feng)電(dian)、光(guang)伏電(dian)組合成離網(wang)或(huo)微電(dian)網(wang)發電(dian)系統，對于孤島、離網(wang)的(de)邊遠地區來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，是最佳綠色(se)能(neng)(neng)源組合。我國風(feng)電(dian)、光(guang)伏發電(dian)投資巨大，如果真正解決儲能(neng)(neng)問題，讓(rang)發出的(de)電(dian)最大限(xian)量的(de)上網(wang)，將給企業和國家帶(dai)來(lai)(lai)巨大的(de)效益，同時(shi)化學大容量儲能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)也將成為(wei)一個新(xin)興的(de)朝陽(yang)產(chan)業。

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