摘要

簡(jian)單(dan)粗放的(de)電(dian)子(zi)垃(la)(la)圾回收活(huo)動(dong)給周邊環(huan)境帶來了(le)一系列污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)問題,污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)通過食物(wu)鏈的(de)累積最(zui)終將對人體健康產生危(wei)害.為(wei)了(le)解(jie)(jie)廣東省(sheng)清遠市電(dian)子(zi)垃(la)(la)圾拆(chai)解(jie)(jie)地(di)周邊農田(tian)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)現(xian)狀,在(zai)(zai)該市龍塘鎮和石角鎮電(dian)子(zi)垃(la)(la)圾拆(chai)解(jie)(jie)區域內采集(ji)22個農田(tian)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)樣品(pin)(pin),并分(fen)(fen)析(xi)了(le)土(tu)樣中(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)的(de)含量(liang)水平、空間分(fen)(fen)布特征(zheng)和化學形態(tai).結果表(biao)明,與廣東省(sheng)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)背景值相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi),農田(tian)表(biao)層(ceng)0~20cm土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)Pb、Cu、Cd、Zn、Ni和Cr元(yuan)素含量(liang)表(biao)現(xian)出不同程(cheng)度(du)(du)的(de)富集(ji).從(cong)單(dan)項污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)指(zhi)數(shu)來看(kan),72.7%的(de)表(biao)層(ceng)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)樣品(pin)(pin)存在(zai)(zai)一種(zhong)或幾種(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)超標,以Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)為(wei)主,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)Cd污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)比(bi)例(li)最(zui)高(gao)(gao),其(qi)次是(shi)Cu,最(zui)后(hou)是(shi)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)比(bi)例(li)相(xiang)(xiang)當的(de)Pb和Zn.內梅羅綜合污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)指(zhi)數(shu)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)發現(xian)68.2%的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)樣品(pin)(pin)受(shou)到(dao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)更有53.3%為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)等級.大部(bu)分(fen)(fen)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)之間具有良(liang)好的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關性(xing),簡(jian)單(dan)粗放的(de)回收活(huo)動(dong)成為(wei)電(dian)子(zi)垃(la)(la)圾拆(chai)解(jie)(jie)地(di)周邊農田(tian)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要來源.Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu在(zai)(zai)表(biao)層(ceng)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)含量(liang)較高(gao)(gao),深(shen)層(ceng)土(tu)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(20~100cm)并未表(biao)現(xian)出隨深(shen)度(du)(du)增加而顯著降低的(de)趨勢.Cr和Ni元(yuan)素在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個采樣剖面中(zhong)(zhong)含量(liang)基本一致,無統計學意義(yi)上(shang)的(de)差別(bie)(bie).重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)化學形態(tai)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)結果顯示Pb、Cu和Cd的(de)活(huo)性(xing)形態(tai)比(bi)例(li)范(fan)圍分(fen)(fen)別(bie)(bie)為(wei)36.9%~90.6%、39.6%~93.9%和43.7%~99.6%,平均值分(fen)(fen)別(bie)(bie)為(wei)61.3%、65.3%和80.7%,絕大多數(shu)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)樣品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)3種(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)活(huo)性(xing)形態(tai)在(zai)(zai)總量(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)比(bi)例(li)占(zhan)到(dao)一半以上(shang),具有極大的(de)生態(tai)風險.

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