電(dian)鍍(du)含銅廢液主要(yao)來自氰化鍍(du)銅，酸(suan)性鍍(du)銅以(yi)及銅件酸(suan)洗等工(gong)序。含銅廢水的處理方法(fa)較多，有化學沉淀法(fa)、金屬(shu)置(zhi)換(huan)法(fa)、離子交換(huan)法(fa)和電(dian)解(jie)法(fa)等。

1、酸(suan)鹽鍍(du)銅廢水(shui)的處理

(1)化(hua)學沉淀(dian)法

這(zhe)種方(fang)法適用(yong)于含(han)銅量在800～1000mg/L以下的廢(fei)(fei)水(shui),是用(yong)堿(jian)提高(gao)(gao)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)PH至生成氫(qing)氧化(hua)銅沉(chen)淀.這(zhe)種方(fang)法可以取得良好效果,一般采用(yong)堿(jian)性(xing)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)去沉(chen)淀.但沉(chen)淀中(zhong)雜質分離麻煩(fan),平時處理費(fei)用(yong)較高(gao)(gao).

(2)置換法

在酸性條件下,用鐵屑等(deng)較活潑(po)金屬將銅置換(huan)出來.這(zhe)種(zhong)方法可以(yi)達到治(zhi)理要求,但(dan)沉淀(dian)中雜質分離困(kun)難,污泥量多(duo)。

(3)離(li)子交換法

這種方法適用(yong)業(ye)含銅(tong)(tong)濃(nong)度在50～200mg/L的廢(fei)水(shui)(shui).濃(nong)度過高,廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)PH勢必(bi)較(jiao)低(di),若(ruo)用(yong)弱酸(suan)性(xing)陽離(li)(li)子交換樹脂,很難吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)銅(tong)(tong)離(li)(li)子;若(ruo)用(yong)強酸(suan)性(xing)陽離(li)(li)子交換樹脂交換容量則較(jiao)小,再生時要(yao)用(yong)較(jiao)多的酸(suan).用(yong)陽樹脂處理(li)含銅(tong)(tong)量較(jiao)低(di)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui),鐵離(li)(li)子也會被樹脂吸(xi)(xi)附(fu),洗脫后難以分離(li)(li)。有含銅(tong)(tong)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)需要(yao)處理(li)的單位，也可以到污(wu)水(shui)(shui)寶項目(mu)服務平臺咨詢具備(bei)類(lei)似污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理(li)經驗的企業(ye)。

(4)電解法

電解(jie)法在處(chu)理硫酸鹽鍍銅廢水(shui)中得到(dao)了廣泛使用(yong),特別是(shi)電解(jie)法—離子(zi)交換法組合,或是(shi)使用(yong)電解(jie)法----化(hua)學(xue)沉淀法組合。

2、氰化含銅廢(fei)水處理(li)

氰化(hua)鍍銅廢液中含氰化(hua)物濃(nong)度高，大(da)多數工廠采用(yong)含氰廢水處(chu)理相(xiang)同的(de)氯堿法。這種(zhong)方法需要消耗大(da)量(liang)的(de)藥劑。除(chu)此之外(wai)還可采用(yong)離子交(jiao)換法進行處(chu)理，但其(qi)含氰量(liang)不應大(da)于100mg/L。

3、焦(jiao)磷酸銅廢水處理(li)

焦(jiao)(jiao)磷酸(suan)鹽(yan)鍍(du)(du)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)漂(piao)洗廢水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)要含有(you)P2O44-、Cu(P2O4)26-、HPO42-、K+、NH4+、Fe2+、Ca2+、Mg2+等離(li)子。可用(yong)堿性陰(yin)離(li)子交換(huan)樹脂回收焦(jiao)(jiao)磷酸(suan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離(li)子。用(yong)亞(ya)鐵(tie)共沉淀(dian)法也可有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)處理焦(jiao)(jiao)磷酸(suan)鹽(yan)鍍(du)(du)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)廢水(shui)(shui)。焦(jiao)(jiao)磷酸(suan)鹽(yan)鍍(du)(du)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鍍(du)(du)液中(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)要成(cheng)(cheng)分是焦(jiao)(jiao)磷酸(suan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和焦(jiao)(jiao)磷酸(suan)鉀，它們相互作用(yong)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)焦(jiao)(jiao)磷酸(suan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鉀螯(ao)合(he)物，在pH為(wei)(wei)8～9時，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要存(cun)在形式為(wei)(wei)[Cu(P2O4)2]6-，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)處于比較穩定的(de)(de)螯(ao)合(he)狀態，加(jia)入(ru)硫酸(suan)亞(ya)鐵(tie)，將銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)還原為(wei)(wei)Cu2O，而(er)(er)鐵(tie)以二價或三價氫氧(yang)化(hua)物形式存(cun)在，利用(yong)鐵(tie)的(de)(de)氫氧(yang)化(hua)物的(de)(de)凝(ning)聚作用(yong)，將Cu2O吸附，發生(sheng)共沉淀(dian)，從而(er)(er)達到除銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。該工藝簡單，操作方便。此外還可用(yong)漂(piao)白(bai)粉破壞(huai)絡(luo)合(he)物，使銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離(li)子解離(li)出來生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)氫氧(yang)化(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，再進行固液分離(li)。在操作中(zhong)(zhong)應注意漂(piao)白(bai)粉的(de)(de)加(jia)入(ru)量以及pH值的(de)(de)調節等問(wen)題(ti)。

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