甲(jia)醛(quan)廢(fei)水(shui)中(zhong)最常見的(de)是(shi)由酚(fen)醛(quan)樹(shu)脂生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)排出的(de)含甲(jia)醛(quan)、酚(fen)廢(fei)水(shui),這種(zhong)廢(fei)水(shui)對人類(lei)危害(hai)最大。生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)酚(fen)醛(quan)樹(shu)脂時產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)含酚(fen)含醛(quan)廢(fei)水(shui),可(ke)根據其酚(fen)濃度(du)的(de)大小,補加甲(jia)醛(quan)進一步縮合生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)油溶(rong)性酚(fen)醛(quan)樹(shu)脂220-1和220-2,用于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)酚(fen)醛(quan)漆料和配帛(bo)酸醛(quan)色漆。苯(ben)酚(fen)丙酮廢(fei)水(shui)主要(yao)(yao)來源于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程的(de)氧化、精餾等主要(yao)(yao)工藝裝置，污(wu)染物主要(yao)(yao)有揮發酚(fen)、異(yi)丙苯(ben)、苯(ben)酚(fen)、醇類(lei)等。

兼氧+好氧工藝

兼(jian)(jian)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)+好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)工(gong)藝首(shou)先采用兼(jian)(jian)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)調節池(chi)對廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)預處理(li)(li)(li)，在(zai)(zai)缺氧(yang)(yang)(yang)條件下(xia)，通過(guo)兼(jian)(jian)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)菌和(he)厭氧(yang)(yang)(yang)菌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)解作用，可(ke)(ke)使(shi)大分(fen)子有(you)機物分(fen)解成小(xiao)分(fen)子有(you)機物，非溶(rong)(rong)解性(xing)有(you)機物分(fen)解成溶(rong)(rong)解性(xing)有(you)機物，改(gai)善了(le)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)性(xing)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)去除部分(fen)CODCr和(he)色度(du)等，從(cong)而降(jiang)低好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)處理(li)(li)(li)負荷并使(shi)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)穩(wen)定。兼(jian)(jian)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物可(ke)(ke)適應COD濃(nong)(nong)度(du)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)COD濃(nong)(nong)度(du)可(ke)(ke)提高(gao)(gao)到2000mg/L以(yi)上，COD去除率一般在(zai)(zai)50-80%;而好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物只(zhi)能適應于COD濃(nong)(nong)度(du)較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)COD濃(nong)(nong)度(du)一般控(kong)制在(zai)(zai)1000-1500mg/L以(yi)下(xia)，COD去除率一般在(zai)(zai)50-80%，兼(jian)(jian)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li)(li)和(he)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)都不太(tai)長(chang)，一般都在(zai)(zai)12-24小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。利(li)用兼(jian)(jian)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)別和(he)相同(tong)之(zhi)長(chang)，將(jiang)兼(jian)(jian)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li)(li)和(he)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li)(li)組合起來(lai)，讓(rang)COD濃(nong)(nong)度(du)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)兼(jian)(jian)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li)(li)，再讓(rang)兼(jian)(jian)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li)(li)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)作為(wei)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組合處理(li)(li)(li)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)減(jian)少生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)積，既節省了(le)環(huan)保投資又(you)減(jian)少了(le)日常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)費用。

SBR工藝

傳統(tong)活(huo)性污(wu)(wu)泥法的一(yi)種變形(xing)。SBR提供了(le)時(shi)間序列上(shang)的廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理，由于(yu)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)間歇(xie)排(pai)(pai)放且流量不(bu)大(da)，從(cong)這個意義上(shang)講，SBR工(gong)(gong)藝更適合處(chu)理中小(xiao)規模(mo)的工(gong)(gong)業(ye)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)。SBR集曝(pu)氣、沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)一(yi)池(chi)，不(bu)需設(she)置(zhi)二沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)池(chi)及污(wu)(wu)泥回(hui)流設(she)備。在(zai)該系統(tong)中，反(fan)應池(chi)一(yi)定時(shi)間間隔內(nei)充(chong)滿(man)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)，以(yi)間歇(xie)處(chu)理方式運(yun)行，處(chu)理后(hou)混(hun)(hun)合沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)一(yi)段時(shi)間后(hou)，從(cong)池(chi)中排(pai)(pai)除上(shang)清(qing)液，沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)的生物污(wu)(wu)泥則留于(yu)內(nei)，用于(yu)再(zai)次(ci)與污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)混(hun)(hun)合處(chu)理污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)，這樣依(yi)次(ci)反(fan)復運(yun)行，則構(gou)成序批式處(chu)理工(gong)(gong)藝。典型的SBR系統(tong)分為(wei)進水(shui)(shui)、反(fan)應、沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)、排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)、閑置(zhi)五個階段運(yun)行。SBR集集水(shui)(shui)池(chi)、曝(pu)氣池(chi)和(he)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)池(chi)為(wei)一(yi)體(ti)，具有投資少、效率(lv)高、使(shi)用面(mian)廣(guang)和(he)操作(zuo)靈活(huo)的優點，且能有效地脫氮(dan)除磷，適合多種目的的廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理要求。

由于(yu)苯酚丙酮生(sheng)產廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)含高(gao)濃度(du)(du)(du)硫酸鹽，在(zai)初(chu)期處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)的(de)(de)抑制(zhi)性物(wu)(wu)(wu)質會對(dui)生(sheng)化處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)產生(sheng)抑制(zhi)作用，故需通過(guo)馴化，使兼(jian)養(yang)池(chi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)穩(wen)定(ding)后，再進(jin)(jin)行后續(xu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。本實驗馴化后兼(jian)養(yang)池(chi)的(de)(de)CODcr出(chu)(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)平均為(wei)1021mg/L。污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)培(pei)養(yang)馴化成功后，進(jin)(jin)行后續(xu)曝(pu)(pu)(pu)氣(qi)(qi)試驗，曝(pu)(pu)(pu)氣(qi)(qi)池(chi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)平均COD為(wei)63.0mg/L。最(zui)終(zhong)兼(jian)氧(yang)(yang)池(chi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)COD降低不(bu)多(20.9%)，而BOD5則升高(gao)11.9%，B/C比(bi)升高(gao)了(le)41.5%。說(shuo)明經過(guo)兼(jian)氧(yang)(yang)池(chi)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)后，廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)可生(sheng)化性進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步提高(gao)。然而處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)藝2運(yun)行期間(jian)，曝(pu)(pu)(pu)氣(qi)(qi)池(chi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)平均COD為(wei)75.2mg/L。最(zui)終(zhong)本試驗得出(chu)(chu)(chu)結果(guo)(guo)為(wei)不(bu)同處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)藝好氧(yang)(yang)SBR池(chi)曝(pu)(pu)(pu)氣(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)對(dui)最(zui)終(zhong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)有不(bu)同的(de)(de)影響。在(zai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)運(yun)行管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，由于(yu)外部因素(如(ru)溫度(du)(du)(du)、酸堿度(du)(du)(du)、營養(yang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質、毒物(wu)(wu)(wu)濃度(du)(du)(du)和溶解氧(yang)(yang)等(deng)(deng))的(de)(de)變化，會使處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現異(yi)常(chang)的(de)(de)問題(如(ru)二沉池(chi)飄泥(ni)(ni)、污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)膨脹、曝(pu)(pu)(pu)氣(qi)(qi)池(chi)有臭(chou)味(wei)等(deng)(deng))，導致處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)下降，嚴重時(shi)(shi)(shi)會使污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)運(yun)行失敗。通過(guo)對(dui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)相(xiang)的(de)(de)觀察，判斷(duan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)中(zhong)微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)種(zhong)類、數(shu)量及(ji)活性的(de)(de)變化趨勢，分析(xi)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)原因，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)采取(qu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)措施(shi)，可預防污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)異(yi)常(chang)情況發(fa)(fa)生(sheng).相(xiang)對(dui)于(yu)傳統(tong)(tong)連續(xu)流(liu)活性污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)法，SBR工(gong)藝是一(yi)種(zhong)尚處(chu)(chu)于(yu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、完善階(jie)段(duan)目前在(zai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)停(ting)留時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)充水(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)和反應(ying)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)比(bi)等(deng)(deng)這些操作參數(shu)的(de)(de)準確選(xuan)擇(ze)及(ji)如(ru)何采用合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)曝(pu)(pu)(pu)氣(qi)(qi)方(fang)式、曝(pu)(pu)(pu)氣(qi)(qi)強度(du)(du)(du)，確定(ding)恰當(dang)的(de)(de)充水(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)和反應(ying)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)。

  使用微信“掃一掃”功能添加“谷騰環保網”

相關文章