摘要

多(duo)環(huan)(huan)芳烴(jing)衍生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(SPAH)除可以通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)燃料不完全燃燒直(zhi)接排放到環(huan)(huan)境(jing)中(zhong),也可通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)光化學或(huo)微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)作用由(you)母體(ti)(ti)多(duo)環(huan)(huan)芳烴(jing)(PAH)轉化生(sheng)(sheng)成.部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)SPAH毒性強于(yu)其相(xiang)應母體(ti)(ti)PAH.通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)采集(ji)北(bei)京(jing)地區(qu)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)廠進(jin)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)樣品,分(fen)析(xi)氧化PAH(OPAH)、甲基PAH(MPAH)、硝基PAH(NPAH)三(san)類(lei)SPAH和(he)(he)16種PAH的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)濃度,研究此類(lei)目(mu)標物(wu)在(zai)(zai)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)存在(zai)(zai)和(he)(he)行為(wei).結果(guo)表明,MPAH、OPAH和(he)(he)PAH存在(zai)(zai)于(yu)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)廠進(jin)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong),但NPAH未檢出.進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)相(xiang)和(he)(he)顆(ke)粒相(xiang)中(zhong)總質(zhi)量(liang)濃度PAH為(wei)1.94~4.34μg·L-1,SPAH為(wei)1.16~2.20μg·L-1,出水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)相(xiang)和(he)(he)顆(ke)粒相(xiang)中(zhong)總質(zhi)量(liang)濃度PAH為(wei)0.77~0.98μg·L-1和(he)(he)0.39~0.45μg·L-1.MPAH的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)濃度一(yi)般低于(yu)其相(xiang)應母體(ti)(ti)PAH,而OPAH質(zhi)量(liang)濃度一(yi)般高(gao)于(yu)其相(xiang)應母體(ti)(ti)PAH.目(mu)標物(wu)在(zai)(zai)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)廠中(zhong)的(de)(de)去(qu)除率(lv)為(wei)53%~83%.活性污(wu)(wu)泥法對于(yu)PAH和(he)(he)SPAH類(lei)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)去(qu)除途徑主要(yao)(yao)為(wei)吸附及生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)降解(jie),部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)OPAH可能在(zai)(zai)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)由(you)母體(ti)(ti)PAH轉化生(sheng)(sheng)成,并有(you)積累.PAH主要(yao)(yao)來源于(yu)木柴和(he)(he)煤的(de)(de)不完全燃燒,部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)來自于(yu)石(shi)油燃燒,只(zhi)有(you)小部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)來源于(yu)石(shi)油排放.秋季進(jin)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)PAH和(he)(he)SPAH質(zhi)量(liang)濃度高(gao)于(yu)冬季高(gao)于(yu)夏季.大部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)SPAH和(he)(he)PAH隨河水(shui)(shui)(shui)灌溉排入天(tian)津農田區(qu),可能會對人體(ti)(ti)健康造(zao)成潛在(zai)(zai)危害(hai).因此,需要(yao)(yao)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)對污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)廠處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)工藝(yi)的(de)(de)升(sheng)級(ji)改造(zao)以提升(sheng)對PAH和(he)(he)SPAH類(lei)物(wu)質(zhi)去(qu)除效果(guo).

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